Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Giulia Lassandro, Stefano Giusto Picchi, Federica Romano, Giacomo Sica, Roberta Lieto, Giorgio Bocchini, Salvatore Guarino, Francesco Lassandro
Summary: Intestinal pneumatosis is a rare radiological sign associated with various clinical conditions that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Imaging techniques play a crucial role in detecting and differentiating IP in emergency situations.
ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jing Lu, Alexander Drobyshevsky, Lei Lu, Yueyue Yu, Michael S. Caplan, Erika C. Claud
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and poses a significant risk for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). This study found that abnormal bacterial colonization in preterm infants contributes to the development of NEC and negatively affects brain development and neurological outcomes. Using a mouse model, the researchers observed decreased occludin and ZO-1 expression, increased inflammation, impaired behavioral performance, delayed brain maturation, and altered metabolic profiles in mice with NEC, indicating the negative impacts of pre-NEC microbiota on brain development and neurological outcomes.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorraine Tong, Yu-Tang Chang
Summary: An 11-day-old boy presented with symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis, including diarrhea, emesis, abdominal distention, and shock. Abdominal radiography revealed pneumatosis intestinalis. During surgery, gas bubbles were found in the bowel walls. The patient died intraoperatively due to worsening shock symptoms.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ya Hu, Ziyu Hua, Kaizhen Liu, Hong Wei
Summary: This study compared the clinical characteristics of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIES) when both have pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), and found differences between them. NEC and FPIES have similar signs and symptoms, but only NEC presents abdominal tenderness and absent bowel sounds. Furthermore, NEC patients have higher rates of continuous elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and thrombocytopenia compared to FPIES.
JCPSP-JOURNAL OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS PAKISTAN
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Alexey Abramov, Valerie L. Luks, Felix De Bie, Rosa Hwang, Myron Allukian, Gary W. Nace
Summary: The study found that most cases of PI in children are benign, with only a small percentage being pathologic, mainly related to global developmental delay. Physical exam findings (abdominal distension or guarding) and imaging features (portal venous gas or bowel distension) were significantly associated with pathologic PI. For children with benign PI who did not undergo surgery, most received antibiotic treatment and bowel rest.
PEDIATRIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Murat Cetinbas, Julie Thai, Evgenia Filatava, Katherine E. Gregory, Ruslan I. Sadreyev
Summary: The use of antibiotics has a lasting impact on the acquisition of the microbiome in preterm infants, affecting the content, diversity, and temporal stability. Dysbiosis and fluctuations in the microbiome persist even after antibiotic exposure, with a few common bacteria dominating the microbiome diversity.
Article
Microbiology
Chiara Tarracchini, Christian Milani, Giulia Longhi, Federico Fontana, Leonardo Mancabelli, Roberta Pintus, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Giulia Alessandri, Rosaria Anzalone, Alice Viappiani, Francesca Turroni, Michele Mussap, Angelica Dessi, Flaminia Cesare Marincola, Antonio Noto, Anna De Magistris, Marine Vincent, Sergio Bernasconi, Jean-Charles Picaud, Vassilios Fanos, Marco Ventura
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease that predominantly affects premature infants, with intestinal dysbiosis and an overgrowth of opportunistic microbial species being linked to NEC development. Clostridium neonatale and Clostridium perfringens are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of NEC, while DL-lactate accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract may serve as a novel functional biomarker for NEC onset.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ines Barreiros-Mota, Joao R. Araujo, Claudia Marques, Laura Sousa, Juliana Morais, Ines Castela, Ana Faria, Maria Teresa Neto, Goncalo Cordeiro-Ferreira, Daniel Virella, Ana Pita, Luis Pereira-da-Silva, Conceicao Calhau
Summary: This study examined changes in gut microbiota in infants undergoing intestinal surgery. The results showed that three weeks after surgery, there were positive changes in gut microbiota profile, including an increase in total bacteria number, a decrease in Staphylococcus and Candida spp., and an increase in Lactobacillus. Increased alpha diversity and significant alterations in beta diversity were also observed. The study also found a correlation between necrotizing enterocolitis and higher Staphylococcus abundance and higher alpha diversity.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Pamela Hernandez-Almeida, Fabian Vasconez-Munoz, Andrea Vasconez-Montalvo, Rodrigo Sempertegui-Moscoso, Gabriel Contreras, Estefania Carrion-Jaramillo
Summary: This case report describes a 1-month-old male infant who was exclusively breastfed and presented with symptoms including bloody stools, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, and pneumatosis intestinalis. Initially misdiagnosed as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the patient was later identified as having food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Oral feeding was discontinued and replaced with an exclusive elemental formula, resulting in resolution of biochemical and radiological findings.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Robert Thanert, Eric C. Keen, Gautam Dantas, Barbara B. Warner, Phillip Tarr
Summary: Decades of research have yet to fully understand the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe pediatric gastrointestinal disorder. Evidence suggests that host-microbiota interactions play a crucial role in NEC development. Greater understanding of the preterm infant microbiome could lead to enhanced diagnostics, treatments, and preventive measures for NEC.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Lin Yan, Xiao-Chen Liu, Yu-Ni Zhang, Ting-Ting Du, Qing Ai, Xiong Gao, Jing-Li Yang, Lei Bao, Lu-Quan Li
Summary: This study found that succinate plays an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis, and the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway may lead to disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yu He, Weixia Du, Sa Xiao, Benhua Zeng, Xiang She, Dong Liu, Hua Du, Luquan Li, Fang Li, Qing Ai, Junli He, Chao Song, Hong Wei, Xiaodong Zhao, Jialin Yu
Summary: The study found differences in the microbiota structure and butyrate levels between NEC patients and healthy controls. In mouse experiments, fecal transplantation from NEC patients resulted in more severe intestinal injuries, and alterations in microbiota and butyrate levels were maintained post-transplantation. The microbiota was implicated in NEC, with the microbial butyrate-T-reg axis identified as a potential mechanism for the observed effects.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Yan Wang, Kun Jiang, Qiao Xia, Xia Kang, Shan Wang, Ji-Hong Yu, Wen-Feng Ni, Xiao-Qin Qi, Ying-Na Zhang, Jin-Bao Han, Gang Liu, Lei Hou, Zhi-Chun Feng, Liu-Ming Huang
Summary: This study used 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing to compare and analyze the structure and diversity of microbiotas in the small intestine of neonates. The results showed that there were similar microbiota diversities in neonates. Excessive proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine is not the direct cause of intestinal necrosis in infants with NEC. The sources of microbiota in the small intestine of neonates may be affected by multiple factors.
WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laura Moschino, Giovanna Verlato, Miriam Duci, Maria Elena Cavicchiolo, Silvia Guiducci, Matteo Stocchero, Giuseppe Giordano, Francesco Fascetti Leon, Eugenio Baraldi
Summary: This systematic review examines the use of untargeted metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis in evaluating the differences between neonates affected by NEC and healthy controls. The review finds that an early urinary alanine/histidine ratio >4 may serve as a predictive biomarker for NEC. Additionally, NEC specimens show increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria at phylum level and a lack or decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium at genus level. The study suggests that untargeted metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis can shed light on the pathophysiology of NEC and help identify potential biomarkers.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anders Brunse, Simone Margaard Offersen, Josefine Juliane Mosegaard, Ling Deng, Peter Damborg, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Per Torp Sangild, Thomas Thymann, Duc Ninh Nguyen
Summary: In this study using preterm piglets, it was found that there is an antagonistic relationship between enteral antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis, with minor effects on gut microbiota composition and immune responses.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lars Andrup, Karen A. Krogfelt, Kristian Schultz Hansen, Anne Mette Madsen
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the literature on the transmission routes of human rhinoviruses. The results showed that indirect transmission through hands and fomites is the dominant route of transmission in indoor settings, while airborne transmission is also a major route of transmission.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Simon Meski, Carsten Struve, Hengameh C. Mirsepasi-Lauridsen, Andreas M. Petersen, Lotte Jelsbak, Ole Skovgaard, Karen A. Krogfelt
Summary: This study reports the complete genome and plasmid sequences of three Escherichia coli isolates, C 237-04 (p7), C 236-04A (p10A), and C 691-04A (p19A), obtained from fecal samples from ulcerative colitis patients in Copenhagen, Denmark, revealing the potential role of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in the etiology of ulcerative colitis.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Dennis Schroder Hansen, Georgina Awuah-Mensah, Nana Kweiba Blankson, Niels Frimodt-Moller, Mercy Jemima Newman, Japheth Awuletey Opintan, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
Summary: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight Ghanaian communities to investigate the extent of intestinal colonization with 3rd-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales. The study found that 50.4% of the participants carried 3rd-generation cepha-losporin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Most of these were ESBL-producing E. coli, carrying CTX-M genes, mainly CTX-M-15. The presence of a household toilet facility was significantly associated with a reduced risk of intestinal colonization.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Marie Louise osterdal, Kyle Raymond, Christian Bressen Pipper
Summary: We propose a two-stage adaptive procedure for evaluating average bioequivalence, and discuss its theoretical properties. The procedure utilizes Two One-Sided Tests (TOST) to assess average bioequivalence based on the stagewise p-values. Notable features include built-in futility, sample size reassessment, and the ability to concurrently evaluate multiple endpoints while controlling the familywise error rate. Simulation studies in the context of comparing different administration methods for an antibody treatment of atopic dermatitis are conducted to evaluate the performance of the procedure.
STATISTICS IN BIOPHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rosa Maja Mohring Gynthersen, Mette Frimodt Hansen, Lukas Frans Ocias, Andreas Kjaer, Randi Fons Petersen, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Lene Harritshoj, Soren Jacobsen, Ulrik Overgaard, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Anne-Mette Lebech, Helene Mens
Summary: The presence of N. mikurensis DNA was detected in immunocompromised patients in Denmark, highlighting the potential underdiagnosis of this bacterium in Danish patients.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIALS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Caroline Eves, Charlotte Kjelso, Guido Benedetti, Charlotte Svaerke Jorgensen, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
Summary: This study describes the incidence trends of leptospirosis in Denmark from 2012 to 2021. Leptospirosis is rare in Denmark and primarily transmitted to humans from mice and rats. The highest incidence of the disease occurred in 2017, with men aged 40-49 being the most commonly diagnosed demographic group. The overall incidence rate was 0.23 per 100,000 inhabitants, with the months of August and September having the highest incidence.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sandra Meinich Juhl, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Witold Kot, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Lukasz Krych
Summary: This study used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to analyze the microbial profile of 94 used nasogastric tubes collected from a neonatal intensive care unit. The results showed that the most common Gram-negative bacteria in the tubes were Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, and Serratia, while the most common Gram-positive bacteria were staphylococci and streptococci. The microbial profile of the tubes was mainly determined by individual-specific bacteria and was not influenced by the duration of use, but strongly influenced by the environment.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ebenezer Krampah Aidoo, Frank Twum Aboagye, Felix Abekah Botchway, George Osei-Adjei, Michael Appiah, Ruth Duku-Takyi, Samuel Asamoah Sakyi, Linda Amoah, Kingsley Badu, Richard Harry Asmah, Bernard Walter Lawson, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
Summary: Reactive case detection (RACD) is a recommended strategy for detecting and eliminating asymptomatic malaria. Through systematic review, this study found that individuals living in households with index cases were at a higher risk of malaria infection compared to neighbors of index cases. The identification and treatment of infectious reservoirs, including neighboring households, are critical for successful malaria elimination.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Jeppe Ekstrand Halkjaer Madsen, Thomas Scheike, Christian Pipper
Summary: This article introduces causal inference reasoning into crossover trials, focusing on thorough QT (TQT) studies. Different sets of assumptions and their impact on modeling strategy and estimation procedure are proposed for such trials. Using a g-computation approach and weighted least squares predictions from a working regression model, unbiased estimates of a causal treatment effect can be obtained. The article shows that a large class of Gaussian linear mixed working models can lead to unbiased estimates of a causal treatment effect, even if they do not capture the true data-generating mechanism. In a simulation study comparing various working regression models, it is found that working models adjusting for baseline QTc measurements have comparable performance, even if they are too simplistic to capture the true data-generating mechanism. Crossover trials and TQT studies can be effectively analyzed using simple working regression models without biasing the estimates for the causal parameters of interest.
BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marc Westerholt, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Ram Benny Dessau, Lukas Frans Ocias
Summary: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a common tick-transmitted infection caused by bacteria. This study proposes a method for determining actual changes in IgG and examines antibody reactivity and decay. The results show that both IgG and IgM antibodies persisted for years, with longer seropositivity associated with high initial antibody levels and IgG-type antibodies.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Camous Moslemi, Susanne G. Saekmose, Rune Larsen, Jakob T. Bay, Thorsten Brodersen, Maria Didriksen, Henrik Hjalgrim, Karina Banasik, Kaspar R. Nielsen, Mie T. Bruun, Joseph Dowsett, Khoa M. Dinh, Susan Mikkelsen, Christina Mikkelsen, Thomas F. Hansen, Henrik Ullum, Christian Erikstrup, Soren Brunak, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Jill R. Storry, Sisse R. Ostrowski, Martin L. Olsson, Ole B. Pedersen
Summary: This study demonstrates the viability and accuracy of predicting blood types using existing genotype data. It successfully narrowed down the pool of potential donors with rare blood types and provided a more comprehensive overview of blood types.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Hanne Quarsten, Anna Henningsson, Karen Krogfelt, Christina Strube, Christine Wenneras, Sally Mavin
Summary: The impact of tick-borne diseases caused by various pathogens on public health, particularly Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Borrelia miyamotoi, Rickettsia helvetica, and Babesia species, remains largely unknown. This study reports and discusses data on the prevalence of these pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks from seven countries within the North Sea Region in Europe, as well as the diagnostic tests available and the main clinical features of their corresponding diseases. Increased awareness is crucial to identify cases of these under-recognized tick-borne diseases, providing valuable insights into their clinical significance.
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rie Jonsson, Alexander Bjorling, Soren Roi Midtgaard, Grethe Vestergaard Jensen, Nicholas Skar-Gislinge, Lise Arleth, Steve Matthews, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Havard Jenssen
Summary: This study used small-angle X-ray scattering to reveal the structural morphology of the aggregative adherence fimbriae. The results showed that the fimbriae were arranged in a compact manner with Agg5A + Agg3B subunit proteins assembled pairwise on a flexible string. The study also suggests that the minor subunit plays a significant role in the assembled fimbriae by affecting the overall structure.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anders Frische, Vithiagaran Gunalan, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Anders Fomsgaard, Ria Lassauniere
Summary: This study identifies unique antibody targets associated with neutralization breadth through a combination of neutralizing antibody functional responses and B-cell epitope mapping. The results indicate that animals with intermediate and high cross-neutralization target fewer antigenic sites on the spike protein and focus on a specific epitope situated outside the receptor binding domain. The approach taken in this study can be applied to other viral vaccines and provides important insights for rational vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Microbiology
Pi Westi Bondegaard, Anders Meyer Torp, Priscila Guerra, Katja Ann Kristensen, Juliane Fjelrad Christfort, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Line Hagner Nielsen, Kinga Zor, Anja Boisen, Martin Steen Mortensen, Martin Iain Bahl, Tine Rask Licht
Summary: The use of microcontainers did not provide a competitive advantage for the probiotic E. coli Nissle in colonizing the gut of mice. Alternative approaches are needed to enhance the competitive capacity of EcN in the gut.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)