Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Mozzi, Rachele Cagliani, Chiara Pontremoli, Diego Forni, Irma Saulle, Marina Saresella, Uberto Pozzoli, Gioia Cappelletti, Chiara Vantaggiato, Mario Clerici, Mara Biasin, Manuela Sironi
Summary: This study investigates the adaptation of herpes simplex viruses to their human hosts and identifies several positively selected genes involved in immune escape mechanisms. It also reveals differences in the immunomodulatory effects of the encoded products between herpes simplex viruses and macacine herpesvirus 1, which may contribute to the severity of infection in humans.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Walter A. Boeger, Daniel R. Brooks, Valeria Trivellone, Salvatore J. Agosta, Eric P. Hoberg
Summary: The unusual genetic diversity of the Omicron strain has led to speculation about its origin. Mathematical modeling suggests that it retro-colonized humans from an unknown nonhuman mammal, possibly initially infected by humans. The relationship between Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants indicates oscillations among hosts, which is a core aspect of the Stockholm Paradigm. The study proposes the DAMA protocol to anticipate and mitigate the impact of emerging infectious diseases through documentation, assessment, monitoring, and proactive intervention.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
A. Bernal, J. A. Casas, J. M. Moreno
Summary: The Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) is a popular extension of the Higgs sector, but it faces two potential fine-tuning problems related to electroweak breaking and alignment with the SM Higgs boson. This study quantifies the fine-tunings and provides analytical expressions for both the initial parameters and physical parameters. It also reveals that the severe fine-tunings occur in different regions of the parameter space, and a remarkable trend is observed where large tan beta values mitigates the fine-tunings. Numerical analysis of representative scenarios confirms these findings.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2022)
Article
Ecology
David Nguyen, Tanay Wakhare, Jing Jiao, Kellen Myers, Oyita Udiani, Nina H. Fefferman
Summary: This research investigates the synergy between different seasonal demographic processes and epidemic dynamics in a two-host disease system, revealing the driving factors behind differences in disease burden between hosts and the profound impact of disease introduction timing relative to annual birth cycles on disease dynamics in both host species.
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yifei Ming, Yixuan Li
Summary: This paper investigates the OOD detection performance of CLIP model fine-tuning. By framing OOD detection as multi-modal concept matching, a connection between fine-tuning methods and various OOD scores is established. The results suggest that choosing the appropriate OOD scores is crucial for CLIP model fine-tuning, with prompt learning demonstrating state-of-the-art OOD detection performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Amirhossein Heydari, Mahdi Khatibi, Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh
Summary: This study investigates a hybrid nanochannel with a soft layer exhibiting different spatial distribution functions. The research focuses on modifying behavior and enhancing performance in nanochannels inspired by nature. The findings contribute to the development of effective strategies for controlling and manipulating the behavior of charged nanochannels.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaozhen Shan, Yun Yang, Shuoqi Wei, Chao Wang, Weishi Shen, Hou-bin Chen, Ji-yuan Shen
Summary: Litchi is an economically important fruit tree in southern China and is widely cultivated in subtropical regions. In this study, the researchers identified LcCBF2 and LcCBF3 as upstream activators of LcMFT, and proposed their contribution to the fine-tuning of flowering time. Ectopic overexpression of LcCBF2 and LcCBF3 in Arabidopsis resulted in delayed flowering and increased freezing and drought tolerance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lucia Varela-Castro, Marta Barral, Maria Cruz Arnal, Daniel Fernandez de Luco, Christian Gortazar, Joseba M. Garrido, Iker A. Sevilla
Summary: This study found that there is a high diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) circulating among wildlife and livestock in Spain. Wild boar and M. avium seem to play a significant role in this epidemiological scenario.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Miriam Fernandez-Calleja, Francisco J. Ciudad, Ana M. Casas, Ernesto Igartua
Summary: This study investigates the vernalization sensitivity and phenotypic characteristics of barley in order to adapt to future climate change. The results show that the vernalization response in barley is mainly concentrated in the phase before stem elongation, and is influenced by multiple major genes. Additionally, the duration of the late reproductive phase is also affected by other genes.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Prashanta Silwal, In Soo Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: Autophagy plays a crucial role in enhancing the immune responses and controlling inflammation against NTM infections, and holds potential as a therapeutic target for combating NTM infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Takayuki Niitsu, Tomoki Kuge, Kiyoharu Fukushima, Yuki Matsumoto, Yuko Abe, Masashi Okamoto, Kako Haduki, Haruko Saito, Tadayoshi Nitta, Akira Kawano, Takanori Matsuki, Daisuke Motooka, Kazuyuki Tsujino, Keisuke Miki, Shota Nakamura, Hiroshi Kida, Atsushi Kumanogoh
Summary: This case report highlights a rare occurrence of M. mageritense pleurisy and emphasizes the importance of considering nontuberculous mycobacterial pleurisy in the differential diagnoses, even in immunocompetent patients. Advancements in comprehensive and rapid analysis of genomic data from clinical specimens are crucial for developing better treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Salik Miskat Borbora, Bijewar Ashish Satish, Smriti Sundar, Mahima, Sneha Bhatt, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy Balaji
Summary: During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, the expression of SLIT2 is upregulated, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairing the host's ability to counter oxidative stress and favoring mycobacterial survival.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Teresa Fuertes, Irene Salgado, Virginia G. de Yebenes
Summary: miRNAs play crucial roles in regulating GC responses, influencing the physiological processes of B cells and T follicular helper cells, as well as diseases associated with dysregulation of GC responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nino Iakobachvili, Stephen Adonai Leon-Icaza, Kevin Knoops, Norman Sachs, Serge Mazeres, Roxane Simeone, Antonio Peixoto, Celia Bernard, Marlene Murris-Espin, Julien Mazieres, Kaymeuang Cam, Christian Chalut, Christophe Guilhot, Carmen Lopez-Iglesias, Raimond B. G. Ravelli, Olivier Neyrolles, Etienne Meunier, Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino, Hans Clevers, Celine Cougoule, Peter J. Peters
Summary: The study found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus mainly exist as extracellular bacteria in human airway organoids, infecting epithelial cells with low efficiency. The organoids respond to infection by modulating cytokine, antimicrobial peptide, and mucin gene expression. Adult stem cell-derived airway organoids can be used to elucidate early events of mycobacterial infection in human settings.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Dufan Wu, Kyungsang Kim, Quanzheng Li
Summary: The proposed deep learning-based low-dose CT image reconstruction algorithm, utilizing Noise2Noise network, does not require clean images for training, achieving better performance compared to existing methods. The method is robust against different noise levels, hyperparameters, and network structures, and can achieve competitive results without any pre-training of the network weights. The iterative reconstruction algorithm also shows empirical convergence with and without network pre-training.
Article
Ecology
Antonio J. Carpio, Joao Queiros, Eduardo Laguna, Saul Jimenez-Ruiz, Joaquin Vicente, Paulo C. Alves, Pelayo Acevedo
Summary: European wild rabbit and red-legged partridge are important small game species in Mediterranean ecosystems. The diet of wild boar is influenced by the availability of different food resources, and their consumption of rabbits and partridges varies with seasons and hunting estates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rakan Naboulsi, Jakub Cieslak, Denis Headon, Ahmad Jouni, Juan J. Negro, Goran Andersson, Gabriella Lindgren
Summary: Gene expression differences can help understand important genetic mechanisms between phenotypic traits. Choosing an appropriate sample collection method can enhance the specificity of results. In this study, RNA-seq was performed on plucked-hair and skin biopsy samples, and cell-type enrichment was compared between the two methods using cell-specific marker genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohan Gupta, Roji Raut, Sulochana Manandhar, Ashok Chaudhary, Ujwal Shrestha, Saubhagya Dangol, G. C. Sudarshan, Keshab Raj Budha, Gaurab Karki, Sandra Diaz-Sanchez, Christian Gortazar, Jose de la Fuente, Pragun Rajbhandari, Prajwol Manandhar, Rajindra Napit, Dibesh Karmacharya
Summary: This study aimed to isolate and test potential probiotics bacteria from the cloacal swabs of indigenous chicken breeds in the rural outskirts of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Four strains of Lactobacillus spp. with potential probiotics properties were identified. Further research is needed to evaluate these strains for use as poultry probiotics feed supplements.
Article
Ecology
Javier Fernandez-de-Simon, Javier Ferreres, Christian Gortazar
Summary: The effectiveness of wild boar hunting is influenced by the number of hunting posts and the size of the wild boar group. Increasing the number of hunting posts and reducing group size would improve hunting efficacy and help conserve wild boar populations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Pablo Palencia, Sandra Blome, Ryan K. Brook, Ezio Ferroglio, Yeong-Seok Jo, Annick Linden, Vidal Montoro, Mary-Louise Penrith, Radim Plhal, Joaquin Vicente, Arvo Viltrop, Christian Gortazar
Summary: This article provides an updated global overview on African swine fever (ASF) control in wild boar and feral pigs, taking into account published scientific evidence and expert opinions. A proper surveillance and monitoring scheme is proposed as a requisite for disease control in wildlife, and ASF and wild boar should be monitored in an integrated way. The intervention options and outcomes are reviewed, highlighting the importance of carcass destruction, wild boar culling, and fencing in controlling ASF in wild boar.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Guillermo Carmona, Tamara Burgos, Rafael Barrientos, Sara Martin-Garcia, Clara Munoz, Marta Sanchez-Sanchez, Javier Hernandez-Hernandez, Carlos Palacin, Pablo Quiles, Alberto Moraga-Fernandez, Victor Bandeira, Emilio Virgos, Christian Gortazar, Isabel G. Fernandez de Mera
Summary: Data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in wildlife species is limited. However, high prevalences found in mustelid species justify studying this virus in closely related autochthonous free-ranging European polecats. Analysis of lung samples from roadkilled polecats did not detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, but surveillance in wild carnivores and mustelids is still necessary due to their susceptibility.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Lorena Mazuecos, Marinela Contreras, Paul D. Kasaija, Prajwol Manandhar, Weronika Grazlewska, Eduardo Guisantes-Batan, Sergio Gomez-Alonso, Karelia Deulofeu, Isabel Fernandez-Moratalla, Rajesh Man Rajbhandari, Daniel Sojka, Libor Grubhoffer, Dibesh Karmacharya, Christian Gortazar, Jose de la Fuente
Summary: Ticks attaching to ear canals of humans and animals are the cause of otoacariasis, common in rural areas of Nepal. In indigenous medicine, leaf extracts of Clerodendrum viscosum are used as tick repellent to prevent or remove ticks from the ear canal. Our study provides support for the traditional use of C. viscosum leaf extracts in Nepal.
EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
P. Barroso, D. Relimpio, J. A. Zearra, J. J. Ceron, P. Palencia, B. Cardoso, E. Ferreras, M. Escobar, G. Caceres, J. R. Lopez-Olvera, C. Gortazar
Summary: In the context of One Health, Integrated Wildlife Monitoring (IWM) combines wildlife health monitoring (WHM) and host community monitoring to detect emerging infections, examine disease dynamics, and evaluate interventions in complex multi-host and multi-pathogen networks. A nationwide IWM pilot test was conducted in eleven sites representing the habitat diversity of mainland Spain. The results identified differences in biodiversity and host community characteristics among the study sites, with the Eurasian wild boar being the most central species. The study also found a negative relationship between biodiversity and disease risk, although this trend was influenced by specific host community and environmental factors.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Soren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortazar, Mette S. Herskin, Virginie Michel, Miguel angel Miranda, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Helen Clare Roberts, Hans Spoolder, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, James Bron, Niels Jorgen Olesen, Hilde Sindre, David Stone, Niccolo Vendramin, Sotiria-Eleni Antoniou, Lisa Kohnle, Alexandra Papanikolaou, Anna Eleonora Karagianni, Dominique Joseph Bicout
Summary: The assessment evaluated Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) according to the Animal Health Law's criteria, and the outcome is uncertain in terms of IPN's eligibility for Union intervention (50-90% probability) and its categorisation for disease prevention and control (probabilities ranging from 0-99%). The animal species suitable for IPN listing are also provided.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Soren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortazar, Mette Herskin, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Helen Clare Roberts, Hans Spoolder, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Cornelia Adlhoch, Inmaculada Aznar, Francesca Baldinelli, Anette Boklund, Alessandro Broglia, Nora Gerhards, Lina Mur, Priyanka Nannapaneni, Karl Stahl
Summary: The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is constantly changing. Certain animal species, such as minks, raccoon dogs, cats, ferrets, and hamsters, are known to transmit the virus. In the EU, there has been a decreasing trend in mink farm outbreaks, mainly attributed to human-to-animal transmission. Cats, ferrets, and hamsters are at the highest risk of infection among companion animals. It is important to monitor and control the spread of the virus in animals to prevent potential spill-over into the human population.
Article
Ecology
Pablo Palencia, Pelayo Acevedo, Tim R. R. Hofmeester, Jorge Sereno-Cadierno, Joaquin Vicente
Summary: Motion-sensitive cameras are widely used for non-invasive monitoring, but the estimation of movement parameters is time-consuming. A study on wildlife populations in Europe showed significant intra-species variation in movement parameters, and predicted movement data led to biased density estimates. Therefore, it is recommended that monitoring programs estimate movement parameters and use camera data for accurate density estimates.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Daniela F. Teixeira, Antonio J. Carpio, Luis Miguel Rosalino, Davide Carniato, Carlos Fonseca, Pelayo Acevedo
Summary: This study aims to identify the drivers of distribution for five mesocarnivores in Portugal (e.g., land cover, ecogeographic predictors, mammal prey availability), and understand the influence of Eucalyptus plantations on their range.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jose de la Fuente, Agustin Estrada-Pena, Christian Gortazar, Rita Vaz-Rodrigues, Isabel Sanchez, Juan Carrion Tudela
Summary: This study used a citizen science approach to evaluate the risks associated with Lyme borreliosis (LB) and the implementation of control interventions in Spain. The results showed that factors such as age, gender, tick bites, disease clinical signs, comorbidities, health care services, and treatment effectiveness affect LB. The main conclusion of the study is the need for better surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of LB and related comorbidities, as well as the development and implementation of new interventions.
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jose de la Fuente, Lorena Mazuecos, Marinela Contreras
Summary: Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a global threat to human and animal health. Developing vaccines for tick control and pathogen transmission is still a challenge. Only two registered vaccines based on recombinant Bm86/Bm95 antigens have been commercialized for controlling cattle-tick infestations. However, new technologies and approaches are being explored for the development of vaccines and paratransgenic interventions to control tick-borne diseases.
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Antoni Margalida, Ivan Almirall, Juan J. Negro
Summary: This study provides new observations about the regular use of a ferruginous spring by bearded vultures in the Spanish Pyrenees using camera-traps and GPS transmitters. The function of cosmetic coloration in these vultures is still unclear, but the findings suggest that it may be related to individual dominance status and potentially benefit subordinate individuals by reducing aggression from others.