Article
Psychology, Biological
Jessie R. Baldwin, Hannah M. Sallis, Tabea Schoeler, Mark J. Taylor, Alex S. F. Kwong, Jorim J. Tielbeek, Wikus Barkhuizen, Varun Warrier, Laura D. Howe, Andrea Danese, Eamon McCrory, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Henrik Larsson, Sebastian Lundstrom, Robert Karlsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Marcus Munafo, Jean-Baptiste Pingault
Summary: Children who experience adversities have a higher risk of mental health problems, and this study explored the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health, as well as the role of genetic factors. The findings suggest that there is a small increase in the odds of ACEs among children with higher polygenic scores for mental health problems. The elevated risk of mental health problems in children exposed to ACEs may be partially due to pre-existing genetic risk, but some ACEs are still associated with mental health problems independent of genetic factors.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Robin Ortiz, Rachel Gilgoff, Nadine Burke Harris
Summary: This viewpoint argues that the field of neurology should take the lead in advancing prevention, recognition, and treatment of toxic stress and its health impacts following trauma and adverse childhood experiences.
Review
Surgery
Josephine de Costa, Mandy Shircore, Alan de Costa
Summary: Junior doctors face challenges in obtaining surgical informed consent, lack adequate training and education, which may impact the validity of the consent they acquire.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Anna Goddard
Summary: Adverse childhood experiences can have long-term effects on adolescent and adult health, making trauma-informed care essential for pediatric clinicians to recognize, respond to, and resist re-traumatizing patients. This approach involves understanding how ACEs impact health, recognizing clinical symptoms, and implementing evidence-based care to prevent further trauma. With recent global events causing mental and emotional trauma in youth, it is crucial for clinicians to integrate trauma-informed care into practice to address future presentations of trauma.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shu Qin Wei, Thuy Mai Luu, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Nathalie Auger
Summary: The study found that assisted reproductive technology (ART) is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization in children, particularly for infectious and allergic diseases. However, when controlling for genetic and environmental confounders, ART is not associated with an increased risk of childhood hospitalization.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Samuel Videholm, Urban Kostenniemi, Torbjorn Lind, Sven-Arne Silfverdal
Summary: Preterm birth and other perinatal factors are associated with an increased risk of severe infections in young children. Therefore, clinical guidelines for assessing infection risks in young children should take perinatal factors into consideration.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tigran Avoundjian, Lara Troszak, Jennifer Cohen, Mary Beth Foglia, Jodie Trafton, Amanda Midboe
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of the Veterans Health Administration's informed consent policy on medical follow-up after long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) initiation. The results showed that the policy was associated with an increase in patients' medical follow-up.
JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sandra R. Dewar, Huibrie C. Pieters, Itzhak Fried
Summary: The process of consenting to surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy is a significant treatment milestone for patients, involving understanding and overcoming risks, family-centered decision-making, and building decisional confidence. Despite challenges, patients often express satisfaction with the information provided during the surgical visit, highlighting the importance of informed consent as a systematic, structured interdisciplinary process over time.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nursing
Joy Kloester, Suzanne Willey, Helen Hall, Gabrielle Brand
Summary: This review of 13 studies found that midwives have a strong desire to facilitate women's informed decision-making, but there are multiple barriers in actual practice, including lack of specific knowledge and training, fear of blame and litigation, structural constraints, and multidisciplinary philosophical disparities.
Article
Respiratory System
Kathrine Pape, Whitney Cowell, Camilla Sandal Sejbaek, Niklas Worm Andersson, Cecilie Svanes, Henrik Albert Kolstad, Xiaoqin Liu, Karin Sorig Hougaard, Rosalind J. Wright, Vivi Schlunssen
Summary: In a study of 466,556 children born in Denmark, three childhood onset asthma phenotypes were identified, and early life ACEs were found to be associated with increased odds for each of these phenotypes among both girls and boys.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily Lowthian, Rebecca Anthony, Annette Evans, Rhian Daniel, Sara Long, Amrita Bandyopadhyay, Ann John, Mark A. Bellis, Shantini Paranjothy
Summary: This study found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significantly associated with child mental health diagnoses, especially in cases of victimization or household member mental health problems. These results support the need for policy measures and intervention strategies for children and their families.
Article
Oncology
Laura Gangeri, Sara Alfieri, Margherita Greco, Marta Scrignaro, Elisabetta Bianchi, Paolo Casali, Davide Ferraris, Claudia Borreani
Summary: This study aimed to explore cancer patients' understandings, needs, and factors influencing participation in RCTs, as well as physicians' experiences and critical issues regarding IC. The findings revealed discrepancies between patients and physicians in their perceptions and understanding of IC.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Elif Akyuz, Yurdagul Erdem
Summary: This study investigated the experiences of informed consent and preoperative education among adult surgery patients in a university hospital in Turkey. The findings revealed that more than half of the patients had some knowledge about their surgery process, but many questions remained unanswered, particularly regarding the type of surgery and its effects on their body. Participants were least informed about preoperative deep breathing and cough exercises.
CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pacifique Mwene-Batu, Ghislain Bisimwa, Gaylord Ngaboyeka, Michele Dramaix, Jean Macq, Michel P. Hermans, Daniel Lemogoum, Philippe Donnen
Summary: The study found that experiencing severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood is associated with a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and lower human capital in adulthood. By comparing exposed and unexposed participants, it was discovered that exposed individuals showed differences in cardiometabolic markers and waist circumference.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Jhon Urasti Blesia, Keith Dixon, Beverley Rae Lord
Summary: This article contributes to the resources policy literature by examining corporate engagement with indigenous peoples affected by mining activities. The study was conducted in Amungsa, Indonesia, and involved qualitative fieldwork, including interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings highlight the importance of multi-sided engagement and provide insights into indigenous theory.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alex Nginyo Hinga, Sassy Molyneux, Vicki Marsh
Summary: This paper discusses the ethical issues in HDSS and finds diverse views on community engagement, informed consent, and data sharing processes. A key emerging issue is the unfairness in the overall balance of benefits and burdens for residents and front-line staff compared to other stakeholders.
Article
Pediatrics
Elizabeth Molyneux, Sassy Molyneux
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah Lawrence, Dave Namusanya, Andrew Hamuza, Cornelius Huwa, Dennis Chasweka, Maureen Kelley, Sassy Molyneux, Wieger Voskuijl, Donna M. Denno, Nicola Desmond
Summary: The use of MITS in Malawi aims to ascertain the cause of death among children with acute illness or malnutrition who die during hospitalization. Factors impacting MITS acceptability include power dynamics within healthcare systems and households. Trust in health systems, open communication, and the potential for adding to medical knowledge were found to be facilitating factors, while fears of organ harvesting, body disfigurement, and disruption to burial plans were identified as potential barriers.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucy Gilson, Edwine Barasa, Leanne Brady, Nancy Kagwanja, Nonhlanhla Nxumalo, Jacinta Nzinga, Sassy Molyneux, Benjamin Tsofa
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zahra Zeinali, Kui Muraya, Sassy Molyneux, Rosemary Morgan
Summary: The study highlights the barriers women face in progressing towards leadership positions in health systems in low- and middle-income countries, which are created at the intersection of gender and other social identities. These barriers include limited access to resources, lack of recognition and respect, dual burdens, and biased views on leadership styles of men and women.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Scholastica M. Zakayo, Mary N. Kimani, Gladys Sanga, Rita Njeru, Anderson Charo, James A. Berkley, Judd L. Walson, Maureen Kelley, Vicki Marsh, Sassy Molyneux
Summary: Insights from research participants play a key role in strengthening the design and oversight of pediatric clinical research. Research processes may inadvertently add to hidden burdens for families, highlighting the importance of considering participants' vulnerability. Participants' agency should be actively recognized and protected in constrained research contexts.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Alex Hinga, Vicki Marsh, Amek Nyaguara, Marylene Wamukoya, Sassy Molyneux
Summary: Verbal autopsy in HDSS settings offers potential benefits for research and public health, but can also cause emotional distress for interviewers and respondents. Ethical challenges exist, requiring measures to address them.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fatuma Hassan Guleid, Alex Njeru, Joy Kiptim, Dorcas Mwikali Kamuya, Emelda Okiro, Benjamin Tsofa, Mike English, Sassy Molyneux, David Kariuki, Edwine Barasa
Summary: Researchers at the KWTRP in Kenya carried out knowledge translation activities to support policy-makers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The activities increased evidence availability and accessibility, improved policy-makers' motivation and capacity to use evidence, and strengthened relationships. Timeliness of generating evidence was identified as a key barrier, highlighting the need to institutionalise knowledge translation for better preparedness.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lizah Nyawira, Benjamin Tsofa, Anita Musiega, Joshua Munywoki, Rebecca G. Njuguna, Kara Hanson, Andrew Mulwa, Sassy Molyneux, Isabel Maina, Charles Normand, Julie Jemutai, Edwine Barasa
Summary: This study aimed to examine how the management of human resources for health influences the efficiency of county health systems in Kenya. The study revealed that inadequate funding and scarcity of medical specialists resulted in task shifting, uneven staff distribution, and delayed salaries, which may have negative effects on the health system efficiency. Therefore, increasing funding, addressing salary delay issues, optimizing staff allocation, and other measures should be taken to improve the efficiency of the health system.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Yingxi Zhao, Daniel Mbuthia, Claire Blacklock, David Gathara, Catia Nicodemo, Sassy Molyneux, Mike English
Summary: Our qualitative evidence synthesis revealed that internship experiences have a significant impact on medical doctors' career intentions and decisions. The three main themes that emerged from our analysis indicate the importance of clinical exposure, workplace environment, and future prospects in shaping doctors' career choices. We recommend improving clinical experiences, fostering a positive workplace culture, and providing clear communication about job market policies to attract doctors to underserved specialties and work locations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Mwangi Mugo, Audrey Mumbi, Daniella Munene, Jacinta Nzinga, Sassy Molyneux, Edwine Barasa
Summary: This study assessed the experiences and response of community pharmacies in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that pharmacies initially experienced fear and panic, followed by a decrease in demand and challenges with product availability. Most pharmacies actively provided preventive materials and therapies, and supported COVID-19 testing in pharmacies. However, more engagement, support, and guidelines for pharmacy-based testing are needed.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Lawrence, Dave Namusanya, Sumaya B. Mohamed, Andrew Hamuza, Cornelius Huwa, Dennis Chasweka, Maureen Kelley, Sassy Molyneux, Wieger Voskuijl, Donna Denno, Nicola Desmond
Summary: This study aimed to understand the influences and experiences in family member consent decision-making in Malawi for future research purposes. The findings show that the main motivator for participation was the improved cause of death ascertainment. Religious affiliation and relationships with healthcare workers did not influence the decision-making process. While there was limited understanding of the MITS procedure, the preconsent information was considered sufficient for decision-making.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Md Fakhar Uddin, Sassy Molyneux, Kui Muraya, Julie Jemutai, James A. Berkley, Judd L. Walson, Md Alamgir Hossain, Md Aminul Islam, Scholastica M. Zakayo, Rita Wanjuki Njeru, Tahmeed Ahmed, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Haribondhu Sarma
Summary: This study explored the post-discharge treatment-seeking and recovery experiences of undernourished children in Bangladesh through qualitative research methods. The findings identified drivers of treatment-seeking that support recovery and challenges faced by families and health workers. These results can inform the development of interventions to improve post-discharge adherence to medical advice and promote recovery.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nadia Tagoe, Justin Pulford, Sam Kinyanjui, Sassy Molyneux
Summary: This study examines the impact of management strategies on research capacity strengthening in health research capacity strengthening (HRCS) consortia. It finds that alignment between management strategies and capacity development principles enhances the effectiveness and value for money of consortia.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Daniella Brals, Wieger P. Voskuijl, Robert H. J. Bandsma, Celine Bourdon, James A. Berkley, Priya Sukhtankar, Sassy Molyneux, Christopher Maronga, Caroline Tigoi, Moses Ngati, Molly Timbwa, Narshion Ngao, Shalton Mwaringa, Judd L. Watson, Kirkby D. Tickell, Christine J. McGrath, Dorothy Mangale, Donna M. Denno, Joseph D. Carreon, Judd L. Walson, John Mukisa, Ezekiel Mupere, Christine Manyasi, Issaka Ouedraogo, Christina Lancioni, Ali Faisal Saleem, Syed Asad Ali, Zaubina Kazi, Emmanuel Chimwezi, Emmie Mbale, Jenala Njirammadzi, Macpherson Mallewa, Philliness Ptisca Harawa, Robert H. J. Bands, Abdoulaye Hama Diallo, Blaise Siezan Gnoumou, Roselle Maimouna Barnouni, Sayera Banu, Dilruba Aluned, Syeda Momena Afsana, Al Fazal Khan, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Dinesh Mondal, Gazi Md Salahuddin Mamun, Lubaba Shahrin, Md Iqbal Hossain, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Shamsun Nahar Shaima, Tahmeed Ahmed, Benson O. Singa, Catherine Achieng Otieno, Chris Oduol, Christopher Lwanga, Peace Aber, Julie Jemutai, Johnstone Thitiri, Moses Mburu
Summary: In low-income and middle-income countries, the mortality rate among children with acute illness remains high, and the significance of post-discharge mortality is increasingly recognized. This study aimed to explore the epidemiology of deaths among young children with acute illness in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia to inform the development of interventions and improved guidelines. The findings revealed that nearly half of the deaths occurred after hospital discharge, and these deaths are often neglected. A fundamental shift to a child-centered, risk-based approach to inpatient and post-discharge management is needed to further reduce childhood mortality.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)