Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Uxia Yanez, Pedro G. Herradon, Juan J. Becerra, Ana I. Pena, Luis A. Quintela
Summary: Proper reproductive efficiency is crucial for profitability in dairy farms, and subclinical endometritis (SE) plays a primary role in declining reproductive performance. This study found that postpartum serum levels of BHBA, albumin, and urea are associated with the incidence of SE, with BHBA acting as a predisposing factor and albumin and urea acting as protective factors. Therefore, monitoring these metabolic markers and implementing preventive measures can help control the occurrence of SE.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Robert Mikula, Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek, Marcin Pszczola, Justyna Rzasinska, Maciej Sassek, Krzysztof W. Nowak, Leszek Nogowski, Pawel A. Kolodziejski
Summary: The study found that the concentration of spexin in dairy cows during the transition period from 21 days before parturition to 21 days postpartum showed a certain trend of change, being negatively correlated with NEFA, BHBA, and total ghrelin, and positively correlated with progesterone concentration. Additionally, mRNA expression of the spexin gene was detected in various bovine tissues.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jinghui Li, Vinod Narayanan, Ermias Kebreab, Serdal Dikmen, James G. Fadel
Summary: A dynamic model was developed to predict the thermal balance of Holstein dairy cattle, showing sensitivity to heat production, surface area, respiration, and sweating parameters. The model accurately simulated body temperatures under typical summer conditions in California, providing insights for the use of cooling strategies in dairy facilities.
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Ryder, R. F. Smith, J. M. Neary
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of body condition score change, back fat depth change, and muscle diameter change on luteal activity and first estrus in Holstein cows. The findings suggest that extensive muscle loss postpartum is associated with a delayed start to luteal activity and first estrus, while marginal muscle loss and a gain in body condition are associated with an earlier start to luteal activity and first estrus.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. T. Gao, D. D. Girma, M. Bionaz, L. Ma, D. P. Bu
Summary: The transcriptomic analysis of liver in dairy cows transitioning from pregnancy to lactation revealed activation of metabolism, particularly lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism, with key roles of PPAR and adipocytokines signaling pathways. Despite an induction of gluconeogenesis, there was a decrease in expression of glucose transporters and inhibition of xenobiotic metabolism, likely due to inflammatory conditions. Coordination among genes related to protein synthesis, energy, lipid metabolism, and cell proliferation was observed.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zhiqiang Cheng, Zitong Meng, Dejin Tan, Osmond Datsomor, Kang Zhan, Miao Lin, Guoqi Zhao
Summary: Supplementing post-partum cows with sodium acetate (NAc) can improve rumen fermentation and increase the concentrations of volatile fatty acids such as acetic and propionic acids. Administration of NAc affects the abundance of rumen bacterial communities, upregulating the relative abundance of Prevotella while downregulating the relative abundance of RF39 and Clostridia_UCG_014.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Turner H. Swartz, Uzi Moallem, Hadar Kamer, Gitit Kra, Yishai Levin, Laman K. Mamedova, Barry J. Bradford, Maya Zachut
Summary: Negative energy balance in early lactation dairy cows is associated with metabolic disorders, leading to altered liver proteome characterized by shifts in hepatic protein abundance involved in fatty acid uptake, impaired anti-inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Differentially abundant proteins identified in this study may serve as potential biological markers for disease or targets for improving metabolic adaptations in postpartum dairy cattle.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. de Souza, C. M. Prom, A. L. Lock
Summary: This experiment found that feeding dairy cows fatty acid supplements containing palmitic and cis-9 C18:1 during the immediate postpartum period increased nutrient digestibility, energy intake, and milk energy output. Increasing dietary intake of cis-9 C18:1 can enhance energy intake, reduce markers of body fat mobilization, and improve energy balance during the immediate postpartum period.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilmer Cuervo, Lorraine M. Sordillo, Angel Abuelo
Summary: High oxidative stress in the first month of age affects immune responses of newborn calves, leading to alterations in cytokine concentrations and gene expression. In vitro, oxidative stress reduces lymphocyte activation, antibody production, and key cytokine expression, highlighting the potential impact on calf immunity.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Arash Veshkini, Harald Michael Hammon, Barbara Lazzari, Laura Vogel, Martina Gnott, Arnulf Troescher, Vera Vendramin, Hassan Sadri, Helga Sauerwein, Fabrizio Ceciliani
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the expression signature of circulating microRNA in dairy cows during different stages around calving. They found that calving was a critical time point when microRNA expression was most affected, and the following period was characterized by recovery from the changes caused by parturition. The microRNA primarily targeted key signaling pathways related to metabolic and immune adaptations.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
O. Bogado Pascottini, T. C. Bruinje, R. Couto Serrenho, B. Mion, S. J. LeBlanc
Summary: This study evaluated the associations of serum markers with circulating neutrophil function in postpartum dairy cows, finding that some metabolic and inflammatory markers were related to neutrophil function but only explained a small proportion of the variability in function. Serum haptoglobin concentration showed the most significant association with neutrophil function changes. Further research should focus on understanding the mechanisms by which haptoglobin and other metabolic indicators affect neutrophil function in postpartum dairy cows.
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. Razzaghi, J. K. Drackley, M. Malekkhahi
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effects of a fast or slow incremental rate of concentrate feeding and corn processing method on lactational performance, body reserves, and blood metabolites in early postpartum Holstein cows. Results showed that feeding strategies and corn processing interacted to affect glucose concentration, dry matter intake, and milk yield. Fast incremental rate of concentrate feeding and steam-flaked corn increased glucose levels and milk yield compared to slow feeding and dry ground corn.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdul Sammad, Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Zaheer Abbas, Lirong Hu, Qudrat Ullah, Yajing Wang, Huabin Zhu, Yachun Wang
Summary: Successful early conception of postpartum dairy cows is crucial for reproductive efficiency and profitability in modern dairy farming, while NEBAL in postpartum cows negatively affects their health and reproductive processes.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zheng Dong, Qingqing Ning, Yangkai Liu, Shikang Wang, Fuwen Wang, Xiaoyu Luo, Ningbo Chen, Chuzhao Lei
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating testicular spermatogenesis. This study examined the functional differences of miRNAs in spermatogenesis between indicine and taurine cattle. The results revealed differential expression of miRNAs in both cattle breeds, suggesting their importance in regulating reproductive performance.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Eri Furukawa, Zhen Chen, Tomoaki Kubo, Yue Wu, Koichiro Ueda, Madalitso Chelenga, Hitoshi Chiba, Yojiro Yanagawa, Seiji Katagiri, Masashi Nagano, Shu-Ping Hui
Summary: Severe negative energy balance and high circulating free fatty acids in postpartum cows can impair the quality of oocytes. This study investigated the compositions of energy metabolism-related lipids in plasma and oocytes of cows at different lactation stages under intensive feeding management. The results showed that early postpartum cows had elevated levels of oocyte free fatty acids, indicating a high risk of lipotoxicity. The severe negative energy balance in the previous weeks was closely related to increased oocyte free fatty acid content.