Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lianxiang Long, Yongtan Li, Shijie Wang, Zhenlin Liu, Jinmao Wang, Minsheng Yang
Summary: This study assembled and annotated the chloroplast genomes of four Ligustrum species and compared various characteristics, including gene structure, sequence alignment, codon preference, and nucleic acid diversity. Positive-selection genes screening and phylogenetic analysis were also performed. The results showed that the cp genome of Ligustrum had a similar structure to most angiosperms, with 132-137 genes and a circular tetrad structure. Several protein-coding genes were found to be positively selected, and a phylogenetic tree showed the relationship between Ligustrum and other Oleaceae species. This study provides important genetic information for further research on the phylogenetic development and adaptive evolution of Ligustrum species.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shenjian Xu, Ke Teng, Hui Zhang, Kang Gao, Juying Wu, Liusheng Duan, Yuesen Yue, Xifeng Fan
Summary: In this study, a hybrid assembly approach of second- and third-generation sequencing was used to investigate the chloroplast genomes of Carex species, revealing their long lengths, high sequence rearrangement rates, low GC content and gene density, and increased repetitive sequences. The study also demonstrated the phylogenetic significance of structural variation in the chloroplast genome of Carex and provided an important reference for the analysis of chloroplast genome rearrangements in other taxa.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Christelle Rutz, Lena Bonassin, Arnaud Kress, Caterina Francesconi, Ljudevit Luka Bostjancic, Dorine Merlat, Kathrin Theissinger, Odile Lecompte
Summary: Repetitive elements play a significant role in the evolution of Decapoda genomes. However, current analysis pipelines fail to identify these elements completely. In this study, we developed a new standardized pipeline that accurately annotates repetitive elements in Decapoda and other Crustacea genomes. Our results show that Decapoda species have a higher abundance of repetitive elements compared to other Crustacea. The patterns of these elements reflect the phylogenetic relationships of Decapoda and the different evolutionary trajectories within Crustacea.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yongsung Lee, Chung Hyun Cho, Chanyoung Noh, Ji Hyun Yang, Seung In Park, Yu Min Lee, John A. West, Debashish Bhattacharya, Kyubong Jo, Hwan Su Yoon
Summary: We report a multipartite circular mitochondrial genome in the Stylonematophyceae red algae, which encode one or two genes bounded by a specific cassette and a conserved constant region. Visualization using fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope confirms the circularity of these minicircles. These highly divergent mitogenomes exhibit reduced gene sets. The newly generated chromosome-level nuclear genome assembly of Rhodosorus marinus reveals the transfer of most mitochondrial ribosomal subunit genes to the nuclear genome. Recombination between minicircles and a unique gene inventory may explain the transition from a typical mitochondrial genome to minicircles. Our findings offer insight into minicircular organelle genome formation and highlight an extreme case of mitochondrial gene inventory reduction.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Cindy Ruan, Brian R. Morton
Summary: A common genome composition pattern in eubacteria is an asymmetry between the leading and lagging strands resulting in opposite skew patterns in the two replichores that lie between the origin and terminus of replication. This pattern has been found in the plastid genome of species from several diverse lineages, such as euglenozoa and rhodophytes, but is not apparent in other lineages. The implications of this pattern for plastid evolution analyses are discussed.
Article
Entomology
Reem A. Masri, Dmitriy A. Karagodin, Atashi Sharma, Maria Sharakhova
Summary: This study focuses on the development and optimization of a physical genome mapping approach for mosquitoes, which involves placing genomic scaffolds onto chromosomes using specific probes. This method can be utilized for physical genome mapping in other insects, providing genetic support for controlling mosquitoes in the future.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Min Kang Ling, Nicholas Wei Liang Yap, Iffah Binte Iesa, Zhi Ting Yip, Danwei Huang, Zheng Bin Randolph Quek
Summary: By sequencing and assembling eight mitochondrial genomes from three classes of medusozoan (Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, and Scyphozoa), the authors studied the phylogeny of medusozoans. They found that all reconstructed mitochondrial genomes had a typical gene composition for medusozoans. The gene order in non-cubozoan mitochondrial genomes was consistent, while the Cubozoa mitochondrial genome showed different gene arrangement. Comparative analysis and ancestral state reconstruction indicated minimal rearrangements among medusozoan classes. The findings provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships of medusozoans and expand the available medusozoan mitochondrial genomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xingyu Shi, Wenfen Xu, Mingxiang Wan, Qingwen Sun, Qiyu Chen, Chao Zhao, Kaifen Sun, Yanxia Shu
Summary: This study sequenced the chloroplast genomes of three Carpesium medicinal plant species using the Illumina sequencing platform. The complete genomes were obtained and analyzed for their molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships. The study identified potential DNA barcodes and highlighted the importance of the chloroplast genomes for genetic marker assistance and evolutionary studies in Carpesium species.
Article
Parasitology
Merga Daba Tuli, Hongyi Li, Xi Pan, Song Li, Junqiong Zhai, Yajiang Wu, Wu Chen, Wanyi Huang, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao, Dongjuan Yuan
Summary: This study analyzed and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of a worm from the intestines of a wild pangolin and discovered a novel Raillietina species with mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy. These findings provide insights into the heterogeneity of the mt genome in parasitic cestodes and contribute to the understanding of pangolin-parasitic cestodes in terms of their molecular biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and taxonomy.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
M. Florencia Camus, Abhilesh Dhawanjewar
Summary: Mitochondria are essential organelles for eukaryotes, playing a vital role in cellular respiration. The process is regulated through coordinated interactions between molecules encoded by nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA. However, miscommunication between the two genomes can have detrimental consequences. Despite the need for cooperation, the significant differences between the genomes can create conflicts.
CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xue Zhang, Yuanyu Shan, Jingling Li, Qiulin Qin, Jie Yu, Hongping Deng
Summary: In this study, the mitochondrial genome of Pereskia aculeata was sequenced and analyzed. The circular mitogenome was found to be 515,187 bp in length, with a GC content of 44.05%. It contains 52 unique genes, including protein-coding genes, tRNA genes, and rRNA genes. The research also identified SSRs and dispersed repeats in the mitogenome, as well as homologous fragments between the mitochondrial genome and the chloroplast genome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhen Wang, Hao Zheng, Jinguang Huang, Guodong Yang, Kang Yan, Shizhong Zhang, Changai Wu, Chengchao Zheng
Summary: In this study, we identified DEMR1 as a novel regulator of DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis. DEMR1 directly binds to the ROS1 promoter and positively regulates ROS1 expression by reducing DNA methylation. Demr1 mutant shows altered DNA methylation profiles and impaired mitochondrial structure, suggesting the role of DEMR1 in both nuclear and mitochondrial genome regulation. Furthermore, DEMR1 acts upstream of ROS1 to positively regulate ABA signaling during seed germination and seedling establishment stages.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liwei Wu, Liping Nie, Qing Wang, Zhichao Xu, Yu Wang, Chunnian He, Jingyuan Song, Hui Yao
Summary: Plants belonging to family Paeoniaceae, including sect. Paeonia, were studied in terms of their chloroplast genomes, revealing characteristics and evolutionary relationships within the Paeonia section. Phylogenetic analysis showed different branching patterns among species, providing insights into their evolutionary history.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yingfeng Niu, Chengwen Gao, Jin Liu
Summary: The study reported and compared four newly sequenced plastid genomes of the genus Mangifera, finding high similarities among them. Certain DNA sequences were identified as potential DNA barcodes for Mangifera, and interspecies relationships were well resolved based on whole plastid genome data. Additionally, the study revealed large fragments transferred from the plastid genome to the mitochondrial genome.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephen M. Richards, Leiting Li, James Breen, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Oscar Estrada, Boris Gasparyan, Matthew Gilliham, Alexia Smith, Alan Cooper, Heng Zhang
Summary: The study of well-preserved millet grains from the archaeological cave site Areni-1 in Southern Armenia reveals that DNA from these grains can be preserved for at least 1000 years, serving as a genetic resource for studying the domestication history of this cereal crop.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Roy Smith
Summary: Mini-circular organelle genomes, which have never been observed in plants before, have now been found in the holoparasite Rhopalocnemis phalloides. The mitochondrial genome of this parasitic plant consists of 21 highly heteroplasmic mini-circles, providing an exceptional example of convergent organelle evolution across different lineages.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David R. Smith
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David R. Smith
Summary: While David Smith will not declare the genome paper dead again, the question remains whether its existence as a zombie still serves science.
Review
Plant Sciences
Norman P. A. Huner, David R. Smith, Marina Cvetkovska, Xi Zhang, Alexander G. Ivanov, Beth Szyszka-Mroz, Isha Kalra, Rachael Morgan-Kiss
Summary: The review explores the mechanisms by which polar photoautotrophs maintain cellular energy balance to overcome the potential energy imbalance in low temperature environments. Photopsychrophiles are obligately adapted to low temperature, while photopsychrotolerant species can tolerate a broad range of temperatures. The study compares the photoprotective mechanisms in different polar organisms and discusses how genomic redundancy in photopsychrophilic genomes may confer energy balance, photoprotection, and resilience in harsh environments.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Marina Cvetkovska, Xi Zhang, Galyna Vakulenko, Samuel Benzaquen, Beth Szyszka-Mroz, Nina Malczewski, David R. Smith, Norman P. A. Huner
Summary: The Antarctic green alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 is an obligate psychrophile that thrives in cold conditions but struggles to adapt to temperatures outside its preferred range. Despite accumulating stress markers at low temperatures, it does not exhibit a robust heat stress response when exposed to higher temperatures.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alex S. Torson, Alexandra M. A. Hicks, Claire E. Baragar, David R. Smith, Brent J. Sinclair
Summary: In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the spring field cricket and the variable field cricket were assembled using RNA-seq reads. The genomes of both species contained the expected genes and exhibited arrangements consistent with closely related Orthoptera. Phylogenetic analysis revealed their clustering with other Gryllus species in the Gryllidae clade.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David R. Smith
Article
Plant Sciences
Qiao-Ping Xiang, Jun-Yong Tang, Ji-Gao Yu, David Roy Smith, Yan-Mei Zhu, Ya-Rong Wang, Jong-Soo Kang, Jie Yang, Xian-Chun Zhang
Summary: This study discovered that the plastome of Selaginella sinensis has accelerated substitution rates, a low GC content, pervasive repeat elements, and a dynamic network structure. It also lacks certain related recombinases. The study suggests that the interplay between a deficient DNA-RRR system and high repeat content has led to the unique divergence of the S. sinensis plastome.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David R. Smith
Summary: Writing and receiving reference letters have become more important in the time of COVID.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Xi Zhang, David Roy Smith
Summary: This article provides a summary of research tools used for detecting gene duplicates, including metrics, computational approaches, and the latest developments in web tools and databases.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alexandra E. DeShaw, Francisco Figueroa-Martinez, Thomas Proschold, Maike Lorenz, Aurora M. Nedelcu, David R. Smith, Adrian Reyes-Prieto
Summary: This study explores the plastid genomes of Hyalomonas and Hyalogonium, which show independent losses of photosynthesis. The plastid genome of Hyalomonas is moderately sized with a reduced gene complement, while the plastome of Hyalogonium is the largest observed in nonphotosynthetic plants or algae. These findings suggest that plastid genome compaction is not obligatory following the loss of photosynthesis in free-living algae.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David R. Smith
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David R. Smith
Summary: Early adoption of coping strategies can help in managing the challenges and uncertainties in both science and life.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David R. Smith
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Xi Zhang, Yining Hu, David Roy Smith
Summary: Gene duplication is an important evolutionary mechanism that provides new genetic material for organisms to adapt to their environment. However, identifying and categorizing highly similar duplicate genes (HSDs) can be difficult. This study presents HSDatabase, an online sequence repository that collects and curates HSDs from various organisms. The database includes statistics on HSDs, sequence alignments, and links to other databases, and is a valuable resource for comparative genomic analyses.
DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION
(2022)