Article
Agronomy
Alberto Santillan-Fernandez, Yolanda Salinas-Moreno, Jose Rene Valdez-Lazalde, Jaime Bautista-Ortega, Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo
Summary: The study used GIS tools to analyze diversity and richness indexes of 64 maize races cultivated in Mexico, identifying seven environmental units with characteristic maize races in each, and showing a close relationship between maize race diversity and ethnic group diversity, influenced by environmental factors and geographical features of the cultivation regions. This geographical demarcation of races and uses of maize will contribute to food security and increased value of maize by-products.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jatupol Kampuansai, Rattanasak Wongkomonched, Wibhu Kutanan, Metawee Srikummool, Tanapon Seetaraso, Suwapat Sathupak, Patcharawadee Thongkumkoon, Apiwat Sangphukieo
Summary: This study provides new insight into the genetic substructure of the Khmuic-speaking populations in Thailand and their potential relationship to the indigenous inhabitants of Mainland Southeast Asia.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Moldir Yermagambetova, Shyryn Almerekova, Orzimat Turginov, Ormon Sultangaziev, Saule Abugalieva, Yerlan Turuspekov
Summary: The genetic diversity and population structure of 15 populations of Juniperus seravschanica from Central Asia were studied using 11 SSR markers. The results showed high genetic diversity and a relatively dispersed population structure, providing valuable data for future conservation strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Perle Guarino-Vignon, Nina Marchi, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento, Evelyne Heyer, Celine Bon
Summary: Southern Central Asia has been a significant crossroads for the movement of people, culture, and goods since prehistoric times. Genetic studies comparing current-day Indo-Iranian populations with ancient individuals reveal a remarkable genetic continuity in Central Asia since the Iron Age, with limited gene flow.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nancy Bird, Louise Ormond, Paschal Awah, Elizabeth F. Caldwell, Bruce Connell, Mohamed Elamin, Faisal M. Fadlelmola, Forka Leypey Matthew Fomine, Saioa Lopez, Scott MacEachern, Yves Monino, Sam Morris, Pieta Nasanen-Gilmore, V. Nana Kobina Nketsia, Krishna Veeramah, Michael E. Weale, David Zeitlyn, Mark G. Thomas, Neil Bradman, Garrett Hellenthal
Summary: Previous studies have shown that African genomes have been shaped by historical events, and now a new study reveals a previously unrecognized level of genetic structure within countries such as Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, and Sudan. The analysis of genetic variation data from over 150 ethnic groups highlights correlations with historical polities and reveals genetic links between geographically distant populations due to long-distance migrations. The study also provides insights into intermixing events dating back thousands of years and recent intermixing signals in African populations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan P. Ly, Utibe R. Essien, Andrew R. Olenski, Anupam B. Jena
Summary: The percentage of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in U.S. public medical schools decreased significantly after the implementation of state bans on affirmative action. This study highlights the impact of these bans on diversity in medical education.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Iris Andriessen, Seval Gundemir, Joost W. S. Kappelhof, Astrid C. Homan
Summary: This study examines the paradoxical effects of a perceived inclusive environment for ethnic minorities. The results demonstrate that while perceptions of inclusivity may lead to positive attitudes and affect among minority groups, it may also evoke a sense of threat among the majority group, resulting in negative intergroup sentiments towards minorities.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander Yoo, Peggy Auinger, Jane Tolbert, David Paul, Jeffrey M. Lyness, Benjamin P. George
Summary: Bolstering the representation of women and underrepresented groups in medical faculty is crucial for addressing healthcare disparities. However, there is significant variability across institutions and only modest increases in representation overall for underrepresented groups. The representation of Hispanic faculty has declined.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lian Deng, Yuwen Pan, Yinan Wang, Hao Chen, Kai Yuan, Sihan Chen, Dongsheng Lu, Yan Lu, Siti Shuhada Mokhtar, Thuhairah Abdul Rahman, Boon-Peng Hoh, Shuhua Xu
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genetic distinction and connection of tropical indigenous peoples in Asia (TIA). The researchers identified a basal Asian ancestry (bASN) shared by these populations, which was relatively enriched in ancient Asian human genomes. The study also found shared adaptations inherited from the ancient Asian ancestry among the TIA groups and suggested that the bASN ancestry could have formed the genetic basis for the dark pigmentation observed in TIA peoples.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ernest Diez Benavente, Emilia Manko, Jody Phelan, Monica Campos, Debbie Nolder, Diana Fernandez, Gabriel Velez-Tobon, Alberto Tobon Castano, Jamille G. Dombrowski, Claudio R. F. Marinho, Anna Caroline C. Aguiar, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Kanlaya Sriprawat, Francois Nosten, Robert Moon, Colin J. Sutherland, Susana Campino, Taane G. Clark
Summary: The genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax strains in South Asia isn't well described, with South Asian isolates found to be distinct from East African and South East Asian isolates. Genetic markers associated with drug resistance were identified, along with shared genetic regions with parasites from India and Ethiopia.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naaheed Mukadam, Olga Giannakopoulou, Nick Bass, Karoline Kuchenbaecker, Andrew McQuillin
Summary: This study explored the association between genetic risk scores (GRS) and dementia risk among different ethnic groups. The study found that the z-standardized GRS, including APOE, was associated with an increased risk of dementia, and excluding APOE from the GRS also increased dementia risk. Additionally, the predictive effect of GRS on secondary outcomes was less robust in non-European ancestry groups.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea K. Townsend, Melissa L. Jones, Nancy Chen, Caroline Chivily, Casey McAndrews, Anne B. Clark, Kevin J. McGowan, John Eimes
Summary: Infectious diseases can cause population declines in wildlife, leading to changes in genetic diversity. A study on American crows found increased genetic diversity after the emergence of West Nile virus, potentially due to increased immigration. However, inbreeding also appeared to increase in the post-WNV population, which may impact their response to future pathogen risks.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Muhammad Salman Ikram, Tahir Mehmood, Allah Rakha, Sareen Akhtar, Muhammad Imran Mahmood Khan, Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani, Fatmah Ahmed Safhi, Sibte Hadi, Chuan-Chao Wang, Atif Adnan
Summary: The study revealed genetic differences among different ethnic groups in Pakistan, possibly due to endogamy trends.
Article
Plant Sciences
Akerke Amalova, Kanat Yermekbayev, Simon Griffiths, Mark Owen Winfield, Alexey Morgounov, Saule Abugalieva, Yerlan Turuspekov
Summary: In this study, 115 modern winter wheat cultivars from Central Asian countries were analyzed and compared with germplasms from other regions. The results showed that samples from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan grouped with samples from Russia, while samples from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan grouped with samples from Afghanistan. The genetic diversity index of Central Asian wheat was comparable to that of other regions studied. The SNP markers identified in Central Asian wheat can be used in breeding projects to enhance plant adaptation and stress resistance.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Naomi Ariyama, Belen Aguero, Valentina Valdes, Felipe Berrios, Sergio Bucarey, Sunil Mor, Barbara Brito, Victor Neira
Summary: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) is circulating widely in Chilean swine farms, with PCV2b and PCV2d genotypes predominating, but PCV2a also present. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between PCV2a Chilean strains and viruses collected in Chile in 2012 and 2013, as well as a similarity between PCV2d sequences and Asian viruses. PCV2a/PCV2d recombinant strain was not detected in this study. The results suggest a potential shift to PCV2d genotype in Chilean farms.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
R. Chaix, M. Fagny, M. Cosin-Tomas, M. Alvarez-Lopez, L. Lemee, B. Regnault, R. J. Davidson, A. Lutz, P. Kaliman
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naama M. Kopelman, Lewi Stone, Dena G. Hernandez, Dov Gefel, Andrew B. Singleton, Evelyne Heyer, Marcus W. Feldman, Jossi Hillel, Noah A. Rosenberg
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2020)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Caroline Bouakaze, Franklin Delehelle, Nancy Saenz-Oyhereguy, Andreia Moreira, Stephanie Schiavinato, Myriam Croze, Solene Delon, Cesar Fortes-Lima, Morgane Gibert, Louis Bujan, Eric Huyghe, Gil Bellis, Rosario Calderon, Candela Lucia Hernandez, Efren Avendano-Tamayo, Gabriel Bedoya, Antonio Salas, Stephane Mazieres, Jacques Charioni, Florence Migot-Nabias, Andres Ruiz-Linares, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Catherine Theves, Catherine Mollereau-Manaute, Camille Nous, Nicolas Poulet, Turi King, Maria Eugenia D'Amato, Patricia Balaresque
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laure Segurel, Perle Guarino-Vignon, Nina Marchi, Sophie Lafosse, Romain Laurent, Celine Bon, Alexandre Fabre, Tatyana Hegay, Evelyne Heyer
Article
Anthropology
Evelyne Heyer, Carole Reynaud-Paligot
Summary: This paper discusses the content and presentation of the Musee de l'Homme exhibition "Us and Them: From Prejudice to Racism" and provides an explanation of the analysis and concepts from a biological anthropology perspective. It also includes information about the current situation in France.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnes E. Sjostrand, Per Sjodin, Tatyana Hegay, Anna Nikolaeva, Farhad Shayimkulov, Michael G. B. Blum, Evelyne Heyer, Mattias Jakobsson
Summary: The study shows differences in taste sensitivity among populations with different lifestyles, with hunter-gatherers having lower sensitivity and certain genes in African populations displaying strong population divergence. Additionally, signals of recent selection were found in bitter taste-receptor genes across all four populations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mathieu Groussin, Mathilde Poyet, Ainara Sistiaga, Sean M. Kearney, Katya Moniz, Mary Noel, Jeff Hooker, Sean M. Gibbons, Laure Segurel, Alain Froment, Rihlat Said Mohamed, Alain Fezeu, Vanessa A. Juimo, Sophie Lafosse, Francis E. Tabe, Catherine Girard, Deborah Iqaluk, Le Thanh Tu Nguyen, B. Jesse Shapiro, Jenni Lehtimaki, Lasse Ruokolainen, Pinja P. Kettunen, Tommi Vatanen, Shani Sigwazi, Audax Mabulla, Manuel Dominguez-Rodrigo, Yvonne A. Nartey, Adwoa Agyei-Nkansah, Amoako Duah, Yaw A. Awuku, Kenneth A. Valles, Shadrack O. Asibey, Mary Y. Afihene, Lewis R. Roberts, Amelie Plymoth, Charles A. Onyekwere, Roger E. Summons, Ramnik J. Xavier, Eric J. Alm
Summary: Industrialization has significant impacts on gene transfer in human gut bacteria, with higher rates of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) associated with industrialized lifestyles. This suggests that gut bacteria continuously acquire new functionality based on host lifestyle changes.
Article
Immunology
Gael Even, Ana Lokmer, Jules Rodrigues, Christophe Audebert, Eric Viscogliosi, Laure Segurel, Magali Chabe
Summary: The gut microbial communities of humans are influenced by the presence of gut protozoa such as Blastocystis and Entamoeba, showing associations with diversity and composition of bacterial microbiota in the gut. Different gut protozoa have distinct impacts on bacterial microbiome diversity, with Blastocystis associated with both richness and evenness, while Entamoeba associated only with richness. Further experimental studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms of interaction between these protozoa and gut bacteria.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine R. Amato, Marie-Claire Arrieta, Meghan B. Azad, Michael T. Bailey, Josiane L. Broussard, Carlijn E. Bruggeling, Erika C. Claud, Elizabeth K. Costello, Emily R. Davenport, Bas E. Dutilh, Holly A. Swain Ewald, Paul Ewald, Erin C. Hanlon, Wrenetha Julion, Ali Keshavarzian, Corinne F. Maurice, Gregory E. Miller, Geoffrey A. Preidis, Laure Segurel, Burton Singer, Sathish Subramanian, Liping Zhao, Christopher W. Kuzawa
Summary: Individuals who are marginalized due to various social factors are more susceptible to diseases, with the gut microbiome playing a crucial role in health inequities. However, there is limited research on directly integrating the gut microbiome into investigations of health inequities. Considering host-gut microbe interactions can enhance understanding and management of health inequities.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Shelly Masi, Frederic Austerlitz, Chloe Chabaud, Sophie Lafosse, Nina Marchi, Myriam Georges, Francoise Dessarps-Freichey, Silvia Miglietta, Andrea Sotto-Mayor, Aurore San Galli, Ellen Meulman, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Sabrina Krief, Angelique Todd, Terence Fuh, Thomas Breuer, Laure Segurel
Summary: Research on wild western gorillas revealed that females may prefer to cooperate with female kin, resulting in higher within-group female relatedness. Males disperse farther than females, as expected in a polygamous species.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Biology
Mark A. Jobling
Summary: This article reviews the evolution of forensic genetic methods into DNA profiling, discussing how genetic diversity is considered in weighing forensic evidence. When investigative databases fail, specific markers can be used to seek information about a suspect. However, methods tend to exaggerate human differences and may contribute to the reification of biological race.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taichi A. Suzuki, J. Liam Fitzstevens, Victor T. Schmidt, Hagay Enav, Kelsey E. Huus, Mirabeau Mbong Ngwese, Anne Griesshammer, Anne Pfleiderer, Bayode R. Adegbite, Jeannot F. Zinsou, Meral Esen, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Ayola A. Adegnika, Le Huu Song, Timothy D. Spector, Amanda L. Muehlbauer, Nina Marchi, Hyena Kang, Lisa Maier, Ran Blekhman, Laure Segurel, GwangPyo Ko, Nicholas D. Youngblut, Peter Kremsner, Ruth E. Ley
Summary: The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have common core microbial species. However, within a species, certain strains show population specificity. This study suggests that humans and their gut microbes have experienced parallel evolutionary history, and specific microbial strains may play a crucial role in microbiome-mediated disease phenotypes.
Review
Cell Biology
Caroline Gombault, Guillaume Grenet, Laure Segurel, Laurent Duret, Francois Gueyffier, Pascal Cathebras, Dominique Pontier, Sabine Mainbourg, Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, Jean-Christophe Lega
Summary: Population differences in biomedical research lack rigor and consistency in labeling. The use of broad and heterogeneous groups such as Black or Asian is imprecise, while concepts like Caucasian are outdated. Furthermore, using race/ethnicity as the sole cause of human heterogeneity may hinder investigations into other factors related to medical conditions. Collaboration among geneticists, sociologists, anthropologists, and ethicists is needed to develop policies and practices in the biomedical field.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gurdeep Matharu Lall, Maarten H. D. Larmuseau, Jon H. Wetton, Chiara Batini, Pille Hallast, Tunde Huszar, Daniel Zadik, Sigurd Aase, Tina Baker, Patricia Balaresque, Walter Bodmer, Anders D. Borglum, Peter de Knijff, Hayley Dunn, Stephen E. Harding, Harald Lovvik, Berit Myhre Dupuy, Horolma Pamjav, Andreas O. Tillmar, Maciej Tomaszewski, Chris Tyler-Smith, Marta Pereira Verdugo, Bruce Winney, Pragya Vohra, Joanna Story, Turi E. King, Mark A. Jobling
Summary: Research shows that Viking-age migrants had a noticeable genetic contribution to certain regions of Britain, but it did not exactly correspond to the areas under Scandinavian administrative control. Y-chromosome analysis revealed different sub-haplogroups of R1a1 in Europe, with some predominant in Norway and Sweden and also found in Britain, indicating the historical migration patterns of the Vikings.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2021)