Article
Oncology
Robert J. Klein, Emily Vertosick, Dan Sjoberg, David Ulmert, Ann-Charlotte Ronn, Christel Haggstrom, Elin Thysell, Goran Hallmans, Anders Dahlin, Par Stattin, Olle Melander, Andrew Vickers, Hans Lilja
Summary: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for prostate cancer incidence were evaluated and compared to PSA and a commercialized model in predicting lethal prostate cancer. The study found that PRS was associated with incident prostate cancer, but was not a stronger predictor of lethal disease compared to PSA. The combination of PRS and PSA did not contribute additional risk stratification for lethal prostate cancer.
NPJ PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jukka K. Salminen, Viivu Kuoppamaki, Kirsi Talala, Kimmo Taari, Jussi Makinen, Jukka Peltola, Teuvo L. J. Tammela, Anssi Auvinen, Teemu J. Murtola
Summary: The study found that men using antiepileptic drugs had a decreased overall risk of prostate cancer compared to non-users. This risk reduction was similar among users of HDAC inhibitors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wei Qi Loh, Xin Yin, Rie Kishida, Sin Eng Chia, Choon Nam Ong, Wei Jie Seow
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between different forms of vitamin A and E and the risk of prostate cancer, as well as identify potential effect modifiers. The researchers measured the serum concentrations of 15 different forms of vitamins A and E in prostate cancer patients and control subjects using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. The results showed that several forms of vitamin A and E were positively associated with prostate cancer risk, with stronger associations observed in smokers and regular alcohol drinkers. The findings provide important insights into the etiology of prostate cancer.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Sylvia H. J. Jochems, Josef Fritz, Christel Haggstrom, Bengt Jarvholm, Par Stattin, Tanja Stocks
Summary: This study investigated the association between smoking and prostate cancer (PCa) risk and death among 351,448 men in Sweden. Results showed that smoking was associated with a lower risk of PCa incidence, particularly for low-risk PCa. However, smoking was associated with an increased risk of PCa death. Smoking in combination with obesity further affected the risk of PCa.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anamay Shetty, Ji-Heui Seo, Connor A. Bell, Edward P. O'Connor, Mark M. Pomerantz, Matthew L. Freedman, Alexander Gusev
Summary: Integration of epigenomic data from tumor and normal tissues has identified risk-harboring regulatory elements for prostate cancer, with some risk variants showing significant allele specificity in tumors. These findings suggest a role for tumor-specific regulation in cancer risk and highlight potential causal regulatory elements at GWAS loci.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Joe Dennis, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Logan C. Walker, Kyriaki Michailidou, Leila Dorling, Manjeet K. Bolla, Qin Wang, Thomas U. Ahearn, Irene L. Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Natalia N. Antonenkova, Volker Arndt, Kristan J. Aronson, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Matthias W. Beckmann, Sabine Behrens, Javier Benitez, Marina Bermisheva, Natalia Bogdanova, Stig E. Bojesen, Hermann Brenner, Jose E. Castelao, Jenny Chang-Claude, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Christine L. Clarke, J. Margriet Collee, Fergus J. Couch, Angela Cox, Simon S. Cross, Kamila Czene, Peter Devilee, Thilo Dork, Laure Dossus, A. Heather Eliassen, Mikael Eriksson, D. Gareth Evans, Peter A. Fasching, Jonine Figueroa, Olivia Fletcher, Henrik Flyger, Lin Fritschi, Marike Gabrielson, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Graham G. Giles, Anna Gonzalez-Neira, Pascal Guenel, Eric Hahnen, Christopher A. Haiman, Per Hall, Antoinette Hollestelle, Reiner Hoppe, John L. Hopper, Anthony Howell, Agnes Jager, Anna Jakubowska, Esther M. John, Nichola Johnson, Michael E. Jones, Audrey Jung, Rudolf Kaaks, Renske Keeman, Elza Khusnutdinova, Cari M. Kitahara, Yon-Dschun Ko, Veli-Matti Kosma, Stella Koutros, Peter Kraft, Vessela N. Kristensen, Katerina Kubelka-Sabit, Allison W. Kurian, James Lacey, Diether Lambrechts, Nicole L. Larson, Martha Linet, Alicja Ogrodniczak, Arto Mannermaa, Siranoush Manoukian, Sara Margolin, Dimitrios Mavroudis, Roger L. Milne, Taru A. Muranen, Rachel A. Murphy, Heli Nevanlinna, Janet E. Olson, Hakan Olsson, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, Charles M. Perou, Paolo Peterlongo, Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Katri Pylkas, Gad Rennert, Emmanouil Saloustros, Dale P. Sandler, Elinor J. Sawyer, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Rita K. Schmutzler, Rana Shibli, Ann Smeets, Penny Soucy, Melissa C. Southey, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Rulla M. Tamimi, Jack A. Taylor, Lauren R. Teras, Mary Beth Terry, Ian Tomlinson, Melissa A. Troester, Therese Truong, Celine M. Vachon, Camilla Wendt, Robert Winqvist, Alicja Wolk, Xiaohong R. Yang, Wei Zheng, Argyrios Ziogas, Jacques Simard, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Douglas F. Easton
Summary: This study investigates the potential associations between rare germline copy number variants (CNVs) and breast cancer using a genome-wide analysis in a large breast cancer case-control dataset. The study identifies associations between exonic deletions in established breast cancer susceptibility genes and suggests potential associations for non-coding CNVs in both known and novel loci with large effects sizes.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Dominika Wokolorczyk, Wojciech Kluzniak, Klaudia Stempa, Bogna Rusak, Tomasz Huzarski, Jacek Gronwald, Katarzyna Gliniewicz, Aniruddh Kashyap, Sylwia Morawska, Tadeusz Debniak, Anna Jakubowska, Marek Szwiec, Pawel Domagala, Jan Lubinski, Steven A. Narod, Mohammad R. Akbari, Cezary Cybulski
Summary: In Poland, PALB2 mutations predispose individuals to an aggressive and lethal form of prostate cancer, with carriers having significantly lower survival rates.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Bing-Hui Li, Si-Yu Yan, Li-Sha Luo, Xian-Tao Zeng, Yong-Bo Wang, Xing-Huan Wang
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal associations between interleukins (ILs) and prostate cancer. The results indicate that long-term exposure to IL-6 may increase the risk of prostate cancer, while IL-1ra may reduce the risk.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Charlotte Salmon, Amelie Quesnel-Vallee, Tracie A. Barnett, Andrea Benedetti, Marie-Soleil Cloutier, Geetanjali D. Datta, Yan Kestens, Belinda Nicolau, Marie-Elise Parent
Summary: A study found that men living in socially deprived neighborhoods have an increased risk of prostate cancer, with higher risks for those who are divorced, widowed, or living alone. These findings suggest the need for targeted public health interventions.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Danielle S. Bitterman, Ming-Hui Chen, Jing Wu, Andrew A. Renshaw, Marian Loffredo, Philip W. Kantoff, Eric J. Small, Anthony V. D'Amico
Summary: This study found that low testosterone level at PSA failure in high-risk patients with PC treated with RT is associated with increased PCSM and ACM risk, and that higher PSAn is also associated with worse PCSM and ACM risk, especially in men with normal testosterone levels at PSA failure.
Article
Oncology
Chaojie Xu, Dongchen Pei, Yi Liu, Jianhua Guo, Nan Liu, Qian Wang, Yang Yu, Zhengjun Kang
Summary: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 3,322 patients with spPCa diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 in the SEER database. Through multivariate competitive risk analysis, we identified four risk factors associated with the prognosis of spPCa and constructed a competing risk nomogram, which performed well in predicting the 3-, 5-, and 10-year PCSM.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Mnaya Y. Mavura, Franklin W. Huang
Summary: The study identified a genetic risk single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in patients with African ancestry and investigated its functional impact on gene expression, providing epidemiological and mechanistic insights into prostate cancer disparities.
Article
Oncology
Maria J. Monroy-Iglesias, Beth Russell, Danielle Crawley, Naomi E. Allen, Ruth C. Travis, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Kerri Beckmann
Summary: The study found no significant association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and risk of prostate cancer (PCa), but a consistent inverse association was observed with the blood sugar indicator HbA1c. Mediation analysis revealed potential hormonal and inflammatory pathways which may influence this association.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Kara N. Maxwell, Heather H. Cheng, Jacquelyn Powers, Roman Gulati, Elisa M. Ledet, Casey Morrison, Anh Le, Ryan Hausler, Jill Stopfer, Sophie Hyman, Wendy Kohlmann, Anne Naumer, Jennie Vagher, Samantha E. Greenberg, Lorraine Naylor, Mercy Laurino, Eric Q. Konnick, Brian H. Shirts, Saud H. AlDubayan, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Bastien Nguyen, Joseph Vijai, Wassim Abida, Maria Carlo, Marianne Dubard-Gault, Daniel J. Lee, Luke D. Maese, Diana Mandelker, Bruce Montgomery, Michael J. Morris, Piper Nicolosi, Robert L. Nussbaum, Lauren E. Schwartz, Zsofia Stadler, Judy E. Garber, Kenneth Offit, Joshua D. Schiffman, Peter S. Nelson, Oliver Sartor, Michael F. Walsh, Colin C. Pritchard
Summary: Complementary analysis of prostate cancer incidence in LFS males and gTP53 prevalence in prostate cancer cohorts suggests that gTP53 predisposes to aggressive prostate cancer. Prostate cancer should be considered as part of LFS screening protocols and TP53 should be considered in germline prostate cancer susceptibility testing.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiaohao Ruan, Da Huang, Jingyi Huang, James Hok-Leung Tsu, Rong Na
Summary: Genetic risk assessment for aggressive prostate cancer is challenging. In this study, a new polygenic risk score based on SNPs associated with prostate volume was developed and found to be able to predict the risk and mortality of aggressive prostate cancer. These findings provide a new genetic risk assessment method for the disease prognosis of prostate cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Christopher T. V. Swain, Ann E. Drummond, Leonessa Boing, Roger L. Milne, Dallas R. English, Kristy A. Brown, Eline H. van Roekel, Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen, Michael J. Lynch, Melissa M. Moore, Tom R. Gaunt, Richard M. Martin, Sarah J. Lewis, Brigid M. Lynch
Summary: Physical activity has an effect on sex steroid hormone levels, with a decrease in estrogens, progestins, and androgens, and an increase in sex hormone binding globulin. These findings support the role of physical activity in preventing breast cancer.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sabrina E. Wang, S. Ghazaleh Dashti, Allison M. Hodge, Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen, Natalia Castano-Rodriguez, Robert J. S. Thomas, Graham G. Giles, Roger L. Milne, Alex Boussioutas, Bradley J. Kendall, Dallas R. English
Summary: The study found that men, but not women, who were H. pylori sero-negative had increased risks of GERD and Barrett's esophagus, possibly due to differences in patterns of H. pylori-induced atrophic antral gastritis between sexes.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sabrina E. Wang, Allison Hodge, S. Ghazaleh Dashti, Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen, Natalia Castano-Rodriguez, Robert Thomas, Graham Giles, Alex Boussioutas, Bradley Kendall, Dallas R. English
Summary: This study found that diet is a potential modifiable risk factor for Barrett's oesophagus (BE), the precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Higher intakes of leafy vegetables, fruit, dietary fiber, and carotenoids were inversely associated with BE risk, while higher intakes of discretionary food and total fat were positively associated with BE risk. No association was found for meat, protein, dairy products, or diet scores.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sabbir T. Rahman, Mary Waterhouse, Briony Duarte Romero, Catherine Baxter, Dallas English, David A. Mackey, Peter R. Ebeling, Bruce K. Armstrong, Donald S. A. McLeod, Gunter Hartel, Rachel L. O'Connell, Jolieke C. van der Pols, Alison J. Venn, Penelope M. Webb, David C. Whiteman, Rachel E. Neale
Summary: Supplementing high-dose vitamin D may not significantly reduce the incidence of cataract surgery, regardless of age, sex, body mass index, serum vitamin D concentration, or ambient ultraviolet radiation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yao Wu, Rongbin Xu, Shanshan Li, Ee Ming Wong, Melissa C. Southey, John L. Hopper, Michael J. Abramson, Shuai Li, Yuming Guo
Summary: A study found that short-term temperature fluctuations can affect DNA methylation levels and are associated with various diseases such as cancer and mental disorders, providing evidence for exploring the biological mechanisms underlying the health impact of temperature fluctuations.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Zhuxuan Fu, Maria Mori Brooks, Sarah Irvin, Susan Jordan, Katja K. H. Aben, Hoda Anton-Culver, Elisa Bandera, Matthias W. Beckmann, Andrew Berchuck, Angela Brooks-Wilson, Jenny Chang-Claude, Linda S. Cook, Daniel W. Cramer, Kara L. Cushing-Haugen, Jennifer A. Doherty, Arif B. Ekici, Peter A. Fasching, Renee T. Fortner, Simon A. Gayther, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Graham G. Giles, Ellen L. Goode, Marc T. Goodman, Holly R. Harris, Alexander Hein, Rudolf Kaaks, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Martin Koebel, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Nhu D. Le, Alice W. Lee, Keitaro Matsuo, Valerie McGuire, John R. McLaughlin, Usha Menon, Roger L. Milne, Kirsten B. Moysich, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Malcolm C. Pike, Bo Qin, Susan J. Ramus, Marjorie J. Riggan, Joseph H. Rothstein, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Weiva Sieh, Rebecca Sutphen, Kathryn L. Terry, Pamela J. Thompson, Linda Titus, Anne M. van Altena, Emily White, Alice S. Whittemore, Anna H. Wu, Wei Zheng, Argyrios Ziogas, Sarah E. Taylor, Lu Tang, Thomas Songer, Nicolas Wentzensen, Penelope M. Webb, Harvey A. Risch, Francesmary Modugno
Summary: The lifetime ovulatory years (LOY) are positively associated with nonmucinous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk, implicating factors beyond ovulation in the development of EOC. The protective effects of parity and oral contraceptive use may not solely depend on anovulation.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
S. M. Hussain, I. N. Ackerman, Y. Wang, D. R. English, A. E. Wluka, G. G. Giles, F. M. Cicuttini
Summary: The study aims to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) trajectories from early adulthood to late midlife and the risk of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis. The results suggest that weight gain increases the risk of TKA, and weight reduction may play a significant role in preventing TKA.
OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
S. G. Yammine, I. Huybrechts, C. Biessy, L. Dossus, S. Panico, M. J. Sanchez, V. Benetou, R. Turzanski-Fortner, V. Katzke, A. Idahl, G. Skeie, K. Standahl Olsen, A. Tjonneland, J. Halkjaer, S. Colorado-Yohar, A. K. Heath, E. Sonestedt, H. Sartor, M. B. Schulze, D. Palli, M. Crous-Bou, A. Dorronsoro, K. Overvad, A. Barricarte Gurrea, G. Severi, R. C. H. Vermeulen, T. M. Sandanger, R. C. Travis, T. Key, P. Amiano, B. Van Guelpen, M. Johansson, M. Sund, R. Tumino, N. Wareham, C. Sacerdote, V. Krogh, P. Brennan, E. Riboli, E. Weiderpass, M. J. Gunter, V. Chajes
Summary: Specific dietary fatty acids, such as gamma-linolenic acid and alpha-linolenic acid from plant sources, may be associated with lower risk of endometrial cancer.
Review
Oncology
Christopher T. V. Swain, Ann E. Drummond, Roger L. Milne, Dallas R. English, Kristy A. Brown, Makayla W. C. Lou, Leonessa Boing, Amy Bageley, Tina L. Skinner, Eline H. van Roekel, Melissa M. Moore, Tom R. Gaunt, Richard M. Martin, Sarah J. Lewis, Brigid M. Lynch
Summary: The protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer incidence may be partly mediated by inflammation. Meta-analyses of intervention studies showed that exercise interventions reduced levels of circulating inflammatory biomarkers, providing support for the biological plausibility of the physical activity-inflammation-breast cancer pathway.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Makayla W. C. Lou, Ann E. Drummond, Christopher T. V. Swain, Roger L. Milne, Dallas R. English, Kristy A. Brown, Eline H. van Roekel, Tina L. Skinner, Melissa M. Moore, Tom R. Gaunt, Richard M. Martin, Sarah J. Lewis, Brigid M. Lynch
Summary: This review examined the evidence on the connection between inflammation and breast cancer risk. Through systematic searches, prospective cohort studies and Mendelian randomization studies were analyzed. Meta-analysis of 13 inflammation biomarkers suggested that higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with increased breast cancer risk, while higher levels of adiponectin were associated with reduced risk. However, Mendelian randomization analysis did not support the findings for adiponectin. There was limited evidence of the impact of cytokines on breast cancer risk. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate, and beyond CRP, the role of inflammation in breast cancer development is not clear.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Esther Clavero, Jose Manuel Sanchez-Maldonado, Angelica Macauda, Rob Ter Horst, Belem Sampaio-Marques, Artur Jurczyszyn, Alyssa Clay-Gilmour, Angelika Stein, Michelle A. T. Hildebrandt, Niels Weinhold, Gabriele Buda, Ramon Garcia-Sanz, Waldemar Tomczak, Ulla Vogel, Andres Jerez, Daria Zawirska, Marzena Watek, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Stefano Landi, John J. Spinelli, Aleksandra Butrym, Abhishek Kumar, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Sara Galimberti, Maria Eugenia Sarasquete, Edyta Subocz, Elzbieta Iskierka-Jazdzewska, Graham G. Giles, Malwina Rybicka-Ramos, Marcin Kruszewski, Niels Abildgaard, Francisco Garcia Verdejo, Pedro Sanchez Rovira, Miguel Inacio da Silva Filho, Katalin Kadar, Malgorzata Razny, Wendy Cozen, Matteo Pelosini, Manuel Jurado, Parveen Bhatti, Marek Dudzinski, Agnieszka Druzd-Sitek, Enrico Orciuolo, Yang Li, Aaron D. Norman, Jan Maciej Zaucha, Rui Manuel Reis, Miroslaw Markiewicz, Juan Jose Rodriguez Sevilla, Vibeke Andersen, Krzysztof Jamroziak, Kari Hemminki, Sonja I. Berndt, Vicent Rajkumar, Grzegorz Mazur, Shaji K. Kumar, Paula Ludovico, Arnon Nagler, Stephen J. Chanock, Charles Dumontet, Mitchell J. Machiela, Judit Varkonyi, Nicola J. Camp, Elad Ziv, Annette Juul Vangsted, Elizabeth E. Brown, Daniele Campa, Celine M. Vachon, Mihai G. Netea, Federico Canzian, Asta Foersti, Juan Sainz
Summary: By conducting a meta-analysis on the germline genetic data of 234 autophagy-related genes from three independent study populations, we investigated the influence of autophagy-related variants on the risk of Multiple Myeloma (MM) and examined the functional mechanisms behind the observed associations. We identified SNPs within the six CD46, IKBKE, PARK2, ULK4, ATG5, and CDKN2A loci associated with MM risk and found that their effect on disease risk was mediated by specific subsets of immune cells, as well as vitamin D3-, MCP-2-, and IL20-dependent mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yi Yang, Allison M. Hodge, Brigid M. Lynch, Pierre-Antoine Dugue, Elizabeth J. Williamson, Harindra Jayasekara, Gita Mishra, Dallas R. English
Summary: This study found that long-term alcohol interventions had a certain impact on all-cause mortality in women, but had little effect on cancer mortality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nina Afshar, S. Ghazaleh Dashti, Victoria Mar, Luc te Marvelde, Sue Evans, Roger L. Milne, Dallas R. English
Summary: Women diagnosed with melanoma have better survival rates than men, and factors such as tumor thickness and tumor site play a significant role in reducing the survival gap between genders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bridie Thompson, Mary Waterhouse, Dallas R. English, Donald S. McLeod, Bruce K. Armstrong, Catherine Baxter, Briony Duarte Romero, Peter R. Ebeling, Gunter Hartel, Michael G. Kimlin, Sabbir T. Rahman, Jolieke C. van der Pols, Alison J. Venn, Penelope M. Webb, David C. Whiteman, Rachel E. Neale
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether supplementing older adults with monthly doses of vitamin D alters the incidence of major cardiovascular events. The results showed that vitamin D supplementation might reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events, although the absolute risk difference was small. These findings could prompt further evaluation of the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sabrina Wang, Farhana Sultana, Anne Kavanagh, Carolyn Nickson, Amalia Karahalios, Lyle C. Gurrin, Dallas R. English
Summary: This study aimed to quantify the impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality and overdiagnosis. The results showed that women who participate in Australia's national screening program have lower breast cancer mortality, but some screen-detected cancers may be overdiagnosed.
