Article
Statistics & Probability
Kan Chen, Siyu Heng, Qi Long, Bo Zhang
Summary: One central goal of observational study design is to incorporate non-experimental data into an approximate randomized controlled trial using statistical matching. However, residual imbalance due to imperfect matching of observed covariates often persists. This article presents two generic classes of exact statistical tests for a biased randomization assumption and introduces a quantity called residual sensitivity value (RSV) as a means to quantify the level of residual confounding due to imperfect matching of observed covariates in a matched sample. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through a re-examination of a famous observational study.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lijiao Xiong, Tingfeng Liao, Tianting Guo, Zhaohao Zeng, Shuojia Wang, Guangyan Yang, Xiaohao Wang, Xinyu Wang, Jing Zhu, Pengfei Zhao, Yanchun Li, Lixing Li, Lin Kang, Shu Yang, Zhen Liang
Summary: This study assesses the significant impact of sarcopenia and its components on mortality risk in the Chinese population. Particularly, low hand grip strength and usual walking pace emerged as noteworthy contributors to mortality risk.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luigi U. Romano, Marta Rigoni, Emanuele Torri, Marilena Nella, Monica Morandi, Piergiorgio Casetti, Giandomenico Nollo
Summary: Fast-track surgery, compared to standard care, showed significant improvements in various outcomes, including decreased hemoglobin drop, increased predischarge hemoglobin levels, reduced need for transfusion and reinfusion, lower pain levels, faster ambulation time, shorter hospital length of stay, and higher rates of discharge to home/outpatient care. Compliance with the fast-track protocol and related programs led to improved clinical and organizational outcomes, with reduced complications over a three-year follow-up period.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nicolas H. Thurin, Jeremy Jove, Regis Lassalle, Magali Rouyer, Stephanie Lamarque, Pauline Bosco-Levy, Corentin Segalas, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Patrick Blin, Cecile Droz-Perroteau
Summary: This study examines how specific medical procedures may affect treatment effect estimation in propensity score-adjusted comparative studies and proposes a solution. The analysis shows that excluding the immediate pre-exposure time can reduce the risk of including potential instrumental variables and bias in the study.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephen P. Fortin, Martijn Schuemie
Summary: This study compared the performance of propensity score matching (PSM) and cardinality matching (CM) and found that CM achieved superior patient retention, matching covariate balance and reduced residual confounding compared to PSM. Therefore, CM is recommended as an alternative to PSM when matching on clinically relevant covariates.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Monica Ancira-Moreno, Natalia Smith, Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa
Summary: Mendelian randomization is an epidemiologic method that controls for spurious associations in observational studies by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. This study aims to discuss methods for selecting appropriate genetic variants as instrumental variables and to provide tools for addressing the limitations of this method.
Article
Orthopedics
Dirk R. Larson, Isabella Zaniletti, David G. Lewallen, Daniel J. Berry, Hilal Maradit Kremers
Summary: Many arthroplasty research studies are based on nonrandomized, retrospective, registry-based cohorts, which may introduce treatment selection bias and confounding. Propensity scores can help balance cohort characteristics and minimize potential bias and confounding in nonrandomized studies. This article explains how propensity scores are created and provides examples of their application in the analysis of nonrandomized studies.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melanie L. Davis, Brian Neelon, Paul J. Nietert, Lane F. Burgette, Kelly J. Hunt, Andrew B. Lawson, Leonard E. Egede
Summary: This study highlights the importance of accounting for spatial heterogeneity in propensity score analysis, and suggests the need for clinical care and management strategies that are culturally sensitive and racially inclusive. Incorporating spatial random effects improves inferences and reduces bias, especially when dealing with unmeasured geographic confounders. The results demonstrate the impact of geographic clustering on racial disparities in diabetes specialty care among military veterans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Hosam E. Matar, Richard Jenkinson, Daniel Pincus, Raj Satkunasivam, J. Michael Paterson, Bheeshma Ravi
Summary: The study found that younger surgeons (<45 years) had the highest rate of surgical complications following primary total hip arthroplasty in Ontario, while surgeons aged 45-55 had the lowest rate. Older surgeons also had higher complication rates, but when excluding low-volume surgeons, older high-volume surgeons had similar complication rates to middle-aged surgeons.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jayanath Ananda, Gamithri Gayana Karunasena, David Pearson
Summary: Household food management behavior changed considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. The study found that Australian households reduced food waste by 9% on average during the pandemic and made positive changes in their food behavior, such as using grocery lists and discount purchases.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Fatema Tuj Johara, Andrea Benedetti, Robert Platt, Dick Menzies, Piret Viiklepp, Simon Schaaf, Edward Chan
Summary: Propensity score matching has wide application in health research, but limited literature is available on its implementation in IPD-MA. Different PSM methods show varying performance in the analysis of IPD-MA data structures, with matching within studies or preferential-within studies demonstrating better results in reducing biases compared to matching across studies. Random-effect propensity score model coupled with matching across-studies achieved lower biases in scenarios with fixed treatment prevalences.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Keun Young Choi, Yong Deok Kim, Nicole Cho, Man Soo Kim, Yong In, Hwang Yong You, In Jun Koh
Summary: The study found that cementless TKA does not significantly impact post-TKA hemodynamics, and is not associated with greater TKA-related blood loss when implementing a contemporary PBM protocol.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Min-Jeong Yang, Allison M. Borges, Noah N. Emery, Teresa M. Leyro
Summary: In this study, the trial-level bias score (TLBS) was found to have superior reliability compared to the mean bias score (MBS) among daily smokers. However, there were limited significant correlations between TLBS or MBS and measures of smoking reinforcement.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Kai Lei, LiMing Liu, PengFei Yang, Ran Xiong, Liu Yang, Rui He, Lin Guo
Summary: Robotics technology can improve postoperative alignment accuracy in total knee arthroplasty, reducing malalignment and Hb loss, but it requires longer operation time and higher cost.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Stephen P. Fortin, Stephen S. Johnston, Martijn J. Schuemie
Summary: The study compared large-scale CM (LS-CM) and large-scale PSM (LS-PSM) in terms of post-match sample size, covariate balance, and residual confounding. Results showed that LS-CM could find the largest matched sample and achieve covariate balance in small sample studies.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Rehabilitation
Marcos de Noronha, Eleisha K. Lay, Madelyn R. Mcphee, George Mnatzaganian, Guilherme S. Nunes
JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION
(2019)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Mohd Masood, George Mnatzaganian, Sarah R. Baker
COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oyebola Fasugba, Anindita Das, George Mnatzaganian, Brett G. Mitchell, Peter Collignon, Anne Gardner
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2019)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Liz Forbat, George Mnatzaganian, Sarah Barclay
JOURNAL OF INTERPROFESSIONAL CARE
(2019)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Madeleine C. Ward, Anju Agarwal, Melanie Bish, Rachel James, Fiona Faulks, Jennifer Pitson, Nicola Yuen, George Mnatzaganian
AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Crystal Man Ying Lee, George Mnatzaganian, Mark Woodward, Clara K. Chow, Freddy Sitas, Suzanne Robinson, Rachel R. Huxley
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
George Mnatzaganian, Janet E. Hiller, George Braitberg, Michael Kingsley, Mark Putland, Melanie Bish, Kathleen Tori, Rachel Huxley
Article
Nursing
Karen-leigh Edwar, Lyn Walpole, Gavin Lambert, Sarah Phillips, Alessandra Galletti, Jane Morrow, Jeffrey Gow, Janet Hiller
NURSE EDUCATION IN PRACTICE
(2019)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Mark Gussy, George Mnatzaganian, Stuart Dashper, Lauren Carpenter, Hanny Calache, Helen Mitchell, Eric Reynolds, Lisa Gibbs, Shalika Hegde, Geoff Adams, Shae Johnson, Emily Amezdroz, Bradley Christian
JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. G. Dashper, H. L. Mitchell, K-A Le Cao, L. Carpenter, M. G. Gussy, H. Calache, S. L. Gladman, D. M. Bulach, B. Hoffmann, D. Catmull, S. Pruilh, S. Johnson, L. Gibbs, E. Amezdroz, U. Bhatnagar, T. Seemann, G. Mnatzaganian, D. J. Manton, E. C. Reynolds
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
George Mnatzaganian, Crystal Man Ying Lee, Suzanne Robinson, Freddy Sitas, Clara K. Chow, Mark Woodward, Rachel R. Huxley
Summary: This study investigated disparities in the management of coronary heart disease (CHD) by socioeconomic status, finding that while patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to be prescribed medications for secondary prevention, they were less likely to achieve treatment targets.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marian Alvin, Louisa Picco, Pene Wood, George Mnatzaganian, Suzanne Nielsen
Summary: The prescription opioid use and related harms have increased significantly in many countries. This study aimed to investigate the preparedness and confidence of pharmacists in intervening when concerned about supplying prescription opioids. Factors such as gender, practice settings, and post-graduate education were found to influence pharmacists' comfort levels in discussing concerns related to prescription opioids with patients and prescribers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marcia Fearn, Robin Harper, Georgia Major, Sunil Bhar, Christina Bryant, Briony Dow, David Dunt, George Mnatzaganian, Daniel O'Connor, Julie Ratcliffe, Sarah Samuel, Anne Marie Bagnall, Colleen Doyle
Summary: During COVID-19, volunteers switched from in-person befriending to remote communication, with the format decided collaboratively. Despite challenges like hearing impairments and discomfort with technology, most volunteers and residents accepted this change positively.
CLINICAL GERONTOLOGIST
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Penelope Wood, Joseph Tucci, Karen Anderson, George Mnatzaganian
RESEARCH IN SOCIAL & ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY
(2019)
Article
Emergency Medicine
George Mnatzaganian, Janet E. Hiller, Jason Fletcher, Mark Putland, Cameron Knott, George Braitberg, Steve Begg, Melanie Bish
BMC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2018)