Perforin forms transient pores on the target cell plasma membrane to facilitate rapid access of granzymes during killer cell attack

Perforin pores in the endosomal membrane trigger the release of endocytosed granzyme B into the cytosol of target cells

(2011) Jerome Thiery et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Perforin Rapidly Induces Plasma Membrane Phospholipid Flip-Flop

(2011) Sunil S. Metkar et al.   PLoS One

Perforin activity at membranes leads to invaginations and vesicle formation

(2011) T. Praper et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ORAI1-mediated calcium influx is required for human cytotoxic lymphocyte degranulation and target cell lysis

(2011) A. Maul-Pavicic et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Human Perforin Employs Different Avenues to Damage Membranes

(2010) Tilen Praper et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Conventional apoptosis assays using propidium iodide generate a significant number of false positives that prevent accurate assessment of cell death

(2010) Aja M. Rieger et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS

Human perforin permeabilizing activity, but not binding to lipid membranes, is affected by pH

(2010) Tilen Praper et al.   MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY

The structural basis for membrane binding and pore formation by lymphocyte perforin

(2010) Ruby H. P. Law et al.   NATURE

Perforin activates clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis, which is required for plasma membrane repair and delivery of granzyme B for granzyme-mediated apoptosis

(2009) J. Thiery et al.   BLOOD

Temperature sensitivity of human perforin mutants unmasks subtotal loss of cytotoxicity, delayed FHL, and a predisposition to cancer

(2009) J. Chia et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Blocking granule-mediated death by primary human NK cells requires both protection of mitochondria and inhibition of caspase activity

(2008) K A Sedelies et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Repair of injured plasma membrane by rapid Ca2+-dependent endocytosis

(2008) Vincent Idone et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY