Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pei-Shan Sung, Yu-Chun Peng, Shao-Ping Yang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Shie-Liang Hsieh
Summary: A study found that CLEC5A interacts with Pseudomonas aeruginosa's LPS, leading to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and lung inflammation. Blocking CLEC5A can reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced NETosis and lung injury, and co-administration with ciprofloxacin improves survival rate in mice.
Article
Cell Biology
Hsin-Wei Wang, Hsing-Han Li, Shih-Cheng Wu, Cheng-Kang Tang, Hui-Ying Yu, Ya-Chen Chang, Pei-Shan Sung, Wei-Liang Liu, Matthew P. Su, Guann-Yi Yu, Li-Rung Huang, Chun-Hong Chen, Shie-Liang Hsieh
Summary: In this study, researchers found that C-type lectin 5A (CLEC5A) plays a crucial role in testicular damage caused by Zika virus infection. CLEC5A enables leukocytes to infiltrate past the blood-testis barrier and induce damage to testicular and epididymal tissues, and it is associated with inflammatory responses. Therefore, CLEC5A may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of male reproductive organ injuries in Zika virus patients.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Hannah L. Wallace, Rodney S. Russell
Summary: It is well-known that viruses can activate various inflammasomes, leading to programmed cell death and release of inflammatory cytokines. Traditionally, RNA viruses were thought to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes, while DNA viruses activate AIM2 inflammasomes. However, recent research suggests that viruses can activate multiple inflammasome sensors simultaneously.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefan Bauernfried, Matthias J. Scherr, Andreas Pichlmair, Karl E. Duderstadt, Veit Hornung
Summary: Inflammasomes play a crucial role as intracellular sensors in pathogen infection and cellular perturbation. Human NLRP1 has been identified as a direct sensor for dsRNA, triggering activation during RNA virus infection. The NLRP1 complex binds dsRNA through its leucine-rich repeat domain, leading to activation through adenosine triphosphatase activity in its NACHT domain.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nidhi Chaudhary, Shikha Srivastava, Sunny Gupta, Manoj B. Menon, Ashok Kumar Patel
Summary: This study reveals the role of HMGB1 in regulating the cellular autophagy process during DENV-2 infection. Inhibition of autophagy or silencing of HMGB1 reduces DENV-2 replication, while induction of HMGB1 enhances autophagy and promotes viral replication. The HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid also suppresses autophagy and DENV-2 replication. Overall, HMGB1 induces BECN1 dependent autophagy to facilitate DENV-2 replication.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Pei-Shan Sung, Shao-Ping Yang, Yu-Chun Peng, Cheng-Pu Sun, Mi-Hwa Tao, Shie-Liang Hsieh
Summary: This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 activates platelets to produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that enhance thromboinflammation via the CLEC5A and TLR2 pathways. Blockade of CLEC5A and TLR2 may be important therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenjing Ren, Patrizia Rubini, Yong Tang, Tobias Engel, Peter Illes
Summary: Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes that can be derived from blood-borne monocytes or exist as resident macrophages in peripheral and central tissues. They have M1 and M2 phenotypes and possess P2X7 receptors that respond to ATP and induce inflammatory responses and diseases. Therefore, P2X7 receptors on macrophages may be important targets for maintaining immune homeostasis and treating inflammatory diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Wang, Xutong Sun, Qing Lu, Evgeny A. Zemskov, Manivannan Yegambaram, Xiaomin Wu, Ting Wang, Haiyang Tang, Stephen M. Black
Summary: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating clinical syndrome with no effective therapies, where inflammasome activation plays a critical role. The redistribution of uncoupled eNOS in mitochondria could be a key factor in activating the inflammatory response in ALI. Inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) generation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Camilla Margaroli, Timothy Fram, Nirmal S. Sharma, Siddharth B. Patel, Jennifer Tipper, Sarah W. Robison, Derek W. Russell, Seth D. Fortmann, Mudassir M. Banday, Yixel Soto-Vazquez, Tarek Abdalla, Sawanan Saitornuang, Matthew C. Madison, Sixto M. Leal Jr, Kevin S. Harrod, Nathaniel B. Erdmann, Amit Gaggar
Summary: Neutrophilic inflammation is observed in respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, but its role in disease pathogenesis is unclear. This study phenotyped immune cells in the blood and airway of 52 severe COVID-19 patients and identified two subpopulations of neutrophils. The loss of one neutrophil subset correlated with increased viral burden and decreased survival. Further experiments showed that this subset exhibited an antiviral response, which was dependent on type I interferon signaling. Understanding this neutrophil phenotype could lead to new therapeutic approaches for viral illnesses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Renan V. H. de Carvalho, Djalma S. Lima-Junior, Caroline de Oliveira, Dario S. Zamboni
Summary: The New World species of intracellular protozoan parasites in the Leishmania genus can cause mucocutaneous leishmaniases. The presence of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) in Leishmania guyanensis (L.g.) exacerbates disease and leads to the development of mucocutaneous disease. Research has shown that LRV inhibits caspase-11 activation by Leishmania, shedding light on the mechanisms through which LRV promotes disease exacerbation.
Article
Cell Biology
Masatoshi Kakizaki, Yuichiro Yamamoto, Shunya Nakayama, Kazuaki Kameda, Etsuko Nagashima, Masatoshi Ito, Takashi Suyama, Yumi Matsuzaki, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Hideaki Sumiyoshi, Yutaka Inagaki, Ai Kotani
Summary: The study demonstrated that EVs secreted from human hepatocytes attenuated CCL4-induced ALI by inhibiting the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils through downregulation of chemokine receptor in the bone marrow and reduction of CXCL1 and CXCL2 expression levels in the liver.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deepti Maheshwari, Keshav Saini, Prabhat Singh, Mohit Singla, Kaustuv Nayak, Charu Aggarwal, Yadya M. Chawla, Prashant Bajpai, Manpreet Kaur, Sivaram Gunisetty, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Rajni Nyodu, Kathryn Moore, Mehul S. Suthar, Guruprasad R. Medigeshi, Evan Anderson, Rakesh Lodha, Sushil K. Kabra, Rafi Ahmed, Anmol Chandele, Kaja Murali-Krishna
Summary: This study provides a detailed transcriptional analysis of human monocyte subsets in both healthy children and children with dengue. The findings suggest that certain monocyte subsets in dengue patients upregulate genes related to inflammation and vascular dysfunction, while other subsets downregulate genes related to vasoconstriction and endothelial stability.
Review
Immunology
Han Cheng, Lingling Chen, Minchun Huang, Jin Hou, Zhifeng Chen, Xiaojun Yang
Summary: NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in radiation-induced tissue injury, but its potential value is not adequately recognized. Early intervention/prevention strategies targeting NLRP3 inflammasome may help resolve clinical problems caused by radiation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing-Xian Chen, Chien-Shan Cheng, Hong-Fang Gao, Zi-Jie Chen, Ling-Ling Lv, Jia-Yue Xu, Xiao-Heng Shen, Jing Xie, Lan Zheng
Summary: Activation of inflammasomes, specifically through IFI16 overexpression, plays a critical role in promoting pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth by increasing tumor-associated macrophages and cytokine secretion. Inhibition of IFI16 may enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine treatment in PAAD by reducing TAM infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that IFI16 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for PAAD.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Wang, Yu Hu, Yaguang Wang, Dapeng Shen, Guizhou Tao
Summary: CLEC5A knockdown protects against MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating macrophage polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome, and cell pyroptosis.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jer-Hwa Chang, Jeng-Fong Chiou, Ching-Sheng Hung, Ming-Che Liu, Hui-Wen Chang, Shiao-Ya Hong, Cheng-Yi Wang, Yi-Ling Lin, Yi-Chen Hsieh, Chi-Li Chung, Ying-Shih Su, Shu-Tai Shen Hsiao, Doresses Liu, Jian-Jong Liang, Chun-Che Liao, Chih-Shin Chang, Kevin Shu-Leung Lai, Han-Chuan Chuang, Ko-Ling Chien, Wei-Ciao Wu, Yuan-Chii G. Lee, Sey-En Lin, Yung-Kang Shen, Chiung-Fang Hsu, Jude Chu-Chun Wang, Shih-Hsin Hsiao
Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine elicits a robust humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in Taiwanese recipients after standard prime-boost vaccination. The vaccine is well-tolerated, and antibody levels are associated with factors such as age, gender, and body weight index.
Article
Cell Biology
Ching Ying Huang, Martin W. Nicholson, Jyun Yuan Wang, Chien Yu Ting, Ming Heng Tsai, Yu Che Cheng, Chun Lin Liu, Darien Z. H. Chan, Yi Chan Lee, Ching Chuan Hsu, Yu Hung Hsu, Chiou Fong Yang, Cindy M. C. Chang, Shu Chian Ruan, Po Ju Lin, Jen Hao Lin, Li Lun Chen, Marvin L. Hsieh, Yuan Yuan Cheng, Wan Tseng Hsu, Yi Ling Lin, Chien Hsiun Chen, Yu Hsiang Hsu, Ying Ta Wu, Timothy A. Hacker, Joseph C. Wu, Timothy J. Kamp, Patrick C. H. Hsieh
Summary: In this study, a population-based hiPSC drug screening platform is established to assess toxicity. Thirteen HLA-homozygous super donors are identified after recruiting 1,000 healthy donors and screening for high-frequency HLA haplotypes, representing at least 477,611,135 of the global population. The differentiated hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes and neurons demonstrate their utility in a high-throughput toxicity screen. Dose-dependent toxicity and functional modulation of hit compounds are validated, and reproducible in vivo drug toxicity results using mouse models are shown. This study shows the feasibility of using a population-based hiPSC drug screening platform to study inter population differences in drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chien-Hsieh Chiang, Ching-Yuan Cheng, Yi-Ting Lien, Kuo-Chin Huang, Wan-Wan Lin
Summary: This study demonstrates that P2X7 enhances lipid accumulation during adipogenesis by suppressing the expression of sirtuin-3/5 and the browning genes.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yue-Zhi Lee, Hsing-Yu Hsu, Cheng-Wei Yang, Yi-Ling Lin, Sui-Yuan Chang, Ruey-Bing Yang, Jian-Jong Liang, Tai-Ling Chao, Chun-Che Liao, Han-Chieh Kao, Jang-Yang Chang, Huey-Kang Sytwu, Chiung-Tong Chen, Shiow-Ju Lee
Summary: Ciclesonide blocks coronavirus-induced cytokine production by increasing I kappa B alpha protein levels and decreasing p65 nuclear translocation, and it can be used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The combination of Ciclesonide and dbq33b synergistically decreases cytokine levels and inhibits coronavirus replication. Therefore, this combination therapy is a promising treatment option for COVID-19 patients with high viral loads and NF-kappa B-mediated cytokine storms.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Martin W. Nicholson, Ching-Ying Huang, Jyun-Yuan Wang, Chien-Yu Ting, Yu-Che Cheng, Darien Z. H. Chan, Yi-Chan Lee, Ching-Chuan Hsu, Yu-Hung Hsu, Cindy M. C. Chang, Marvin L. Hsieh, Yuan-Yuan Cheng, Yi-Ling Lin, Chien-Hsiun Chen, Ying-Ta Wu, Timothy A. Hacker, Joseph C. Wu, Timothy J. Kamp, Patrick C. H. Hsieh
Summary: This study utilized a drug screening platform based on human induced pluripotent stem cells to evaluate the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of anti-COVID-19 drugs. The researchers found that certain drugs displayed cardiotoxic or neurotoxic effects, providing valuable information for clinicians when choosing treatment options.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pei-Shan Sung, Yu-Chun Peng, Shao-Ping Yang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Shie-Liang Hsieh
Summary: A study found that CLEC5A interacts with Pseudomonas aeruginosa's LPS, leading to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and lung inflammation. Blocking CLEC5A can reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced NETosis and lung injury, and co-administration with ciprofloxacin improves survival rate in mice.
Article
Biology
Wei-Chun Tang, Yen-Ting Liu, Cheng-Han Yeh, Chieh-Han Lu, Chiao-Hui Tu, Yi-Ling Lin, Yu-Chun Lin, Tsui-Ling Hsu, Liang Gao, Shu-Wei Chang, Peilin Chen, Bi-Chang Chen
Summary: This study improves lattice lightsheet microscopy (LLSM) to manipulate cellular behavior with subcellular resolution through optogenetic activation (optoLLSM). By integrating a position-controllable Bessel beam as a stimulation source, spatiotemporal photoactivation can be achieved by changing spatial light modulator (SLM) patterns. The study demonstrates the ability to control membrane ruffling and cell migration behavior using light-triggered recruitment of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and guided cell migration with low energy power.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yung-Hsuan Wu, Shu-Ting Mo, I. -Ting Chen, Fu-Yi Hsieh, Shie-Liang Hsieh, Jinake Zhang, Ming-Zong Lai
Summary: Inhibition of Caspase-8 leads to inflammasome assembly and production of IL-10 and IL-18 in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-primed myeloid cells. Autophagy and cathepsin-B play important roles in the activation of inflammasomes when apoptosis and necroptosis are blocked and Caspase-8 is inhibited.
Correction
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yue-Zhi Lee, Hsing-Yu Hsu, Cheng-Wei Yang, Yi-Ling Lin, Sui-Yuan Chang, Ruey-Bing Yang, Jian-Jong Liang, Tai-Ling Chao, Chun-Che Liao, Han-Chieh Kao, Jang-Yang Chang, Huey-Kang Sytwu, Chiung-Tong Chen, Shiow-Ju Lee
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pei-Shan Sung, Cheng-Pu Sun, Mi-Hua Tao, Shie-Liang Hsieh
Summary: Thromboinflammation is the main cause of complications in COVID-19 patients, with platelet-rich thrombi and microangiopathy observed in visceral organs. The molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced thromboinflammation is still unclear. Researchers discovered that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein directly interacts with the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin member 2 (CLEC2), leading to enhanced NET formation and thromboinflammation. Inhibition of CLEC2 with CLEC2.Fc showed promising results in reducing SARS-CoV-2-induced thromboinflammation and the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in mice.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Hui-Ying Ko, Yao-Tsun Li, Ya-Yuan Li, Ming-Tsai Chiang, Yi-Ling Lee, Wen-Chun Liu, Chun-Che Liao, Chih-Shin Chang, Yi-Ling Lin
Summary: COVID-19 is a major global public health threat, and RT-qPCR is used for viral RNA detection. Saliva has been suggested as a practical alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for viral RNA detection. This study evaluated the effect of saliva on viral RNA detection and found that saliva increased the C-T values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples compared to viral transport medium.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Pei-Shan Sung, Shao-Ping Yang, Yu-Chun Peng, Cheng-Pu Sun, Mi-Hwa Tao, Shie-Liang Hsieh
Summary: This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 activates platelets to produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that enhance thromboinflammation via the CLEC5A and TLR2 pathways. Blockade of CLEC5A and TLR2 may be important therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
I-Jung Lee, Cheng-Pu Sun, Ping-Yi Wu, Yu-Hua Lan, I-Hsuan Wang, Wen-Chun Liu, Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan, Yu-Wei Chang, Sheng-Che Tseng, Szu- Tsung, Yu-Chi Chou, Monika Kumari, Yin-Shiou Lin, Hui-Feng Chen, Tsung-Yen Chen, Chih-Chao Lin, Chi-Wen Chiu, Chung-Hsuan Hsieh, Cheng-Ying Chuang, Chao-Min Cheng, Hsiu-Ting Lin, Wan-Yu Chen, Fu-Fei Hsu, Ming-Hsiang Hong, Chun-Che Liao, Chih-Shin Chang, Jian-Jong Liang, Hsiu-Hua Ma, Ming-Tsai Chiang, Hsin-Ni Liao, Hui-Ying Ko, Liang-Yu Chen, Yi-An Ko, Pei-Yu Yu, Tzu-Jing Yang, Po-Cheng Chiang, Shang-Te Hsu, Yi-Ling Lin, Chong-Chou Lee, Han-Chung Wu, Mi-Hua Tao
Summary: This study reports an mRNA-based vaccine using an engineered hybrid receptor binding domain that can generate neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results demonstrate that including different antigenic mutations from different variants is a feasible approach to develop vaccines with broad protection.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chang Yi Wang, Kao-Pin Hwang, Hui-Kai Kuo, Wen-Jiun Peng, Yea-Huei Shen, Be-Sheng Kuo, Juin-Hua Huang, Hope Liu, Yu-Hsin Ho, Feng Lin, Shuang Ding, Zhi Liu, Huan-Ting Wu, Ching-Tai Huang, Yuarn-Jang Lee, Ming-Che Liu, Yi-Ching Yang, Po-Liang Lu, Hung-Chin Tsai, Chen-Hsiang Lee, Zhi-Yuan Shi, Chun-Eng Liu, Chun-Hsing Liao, Feng-Yee Chang, Hsiang-Cheng Chen, Fu-Der Wang, Kuo-Liang Hou, Jennifer Cheng, Min-Sheng Wang, Ya-Ting Yang, Han-Chen Chiu, Ming-Han Jiang, Hao-Yu Shih, Hsuan-Yu Shen, Po-Yen Chang, Yu-Rou Lan, Chi-Tian Chen, Yi-Ling Lin, Jian-Jong Liang, Chun-Che Liao, Yu-Chi Chou, Mary Kate Morris, Carl V. Hanson, Farshad Guirakhoo, Michael Hellerstein, Hui-Jing Yu, Chwan-Chuen King, Tracy Kemp, D. Gray Heppner, Thomas P. Monath
Summary: The UB-612 vaccine showed favorable safety profile, long-lasting antibody response, and broad T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta and Omicron, in phase I/II trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Virology
Han Chiu, Hsin-Ping Chiu, Han-Pang Yu, Li-Hsiung Lin, Zih-Ping Chen, Yi-Ling Lin, Ren-Jye Lin
Summary: ZFP36L1 acts as a host innate defender against flaviviruses by targeting and degrading viral RNA. It destabilizes the viral genome by recruiting cellular mRNA decay machineries. The specific recognition of AU-rich elements within viral RNA by ZFP36L1 triggers the degradation of viral RNA transcripts.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)