Review
Plant Sciences
Xiaoxiao Liu, Li Wan
Summary: Plant NLR proteins play a crucial role in providing immunity and inducing cell death. Sensor NLRs directly or indirectly recognize pathogen effector proteins to initiate immune signaling, while helper NLRs function downstream of sensor NLRs in transmitting immune signals. Recent breakthrough studies on the structures and functions of plant NLR proteins have significantly advanced our understanding of NLR biology.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruiju Wang, Ruixuan Wang, Mengmeng Liu, Weiwei Yuan, Zhiying Zhao, Xiaoqian Liu, Yameng Peng, Xiaorui Yang, Yu Sun, Wenqiang Tang
Summary: BZR1, a key transcription factor in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway, is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and subcellular localization; it can be rapidly recruited from the cytoplasm to the nucleus by BR treatment, and its protein abundance is regulated by two distinct turnover mechanisms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ian Wilkinson, Stephen Anderson, Jeremy Fry, Louis Alex Julien, David Neville, Omar Qureshi, Gary Watts, Geoff Hale
Summary: Novel variants with specific amino acid substitutions at L234 and L235 combined with G236R substitution completely eliminate binding to Fc. receptors, avoiding inflammatory responses and improving the safety and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and Fc fusion proteins.
Article
Immunology
Valentina Pucino, Meriam Nefla, Vincent Gauthier, Ghada Alsaleh, Sally A. A. Clayton, Jennifer Marshall, Andrew Filer, Andy R. R. Clark, Karim Raza, Christopher D. D. Buckley
Summary: This study investigates how lactate regulates fibroblast and macrophage movement, IL-6 secretion, and metabolism via specific lactate transporters. The results show that lactate has opposite effects on the effector functions of these two cell types.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rong-Chang Li, Laurie L. Molday, Chih-Chun Lin, Xiaozhi Ren, Alexander Fleischmann, Robert S. Molday, King-Wai Yau
Summary: This study provides evidence that the ligand-triggered GPCR pathway in mammalian olfactory transduction produces less than one downstream effector when an odorant-receptor molecule is complexed with its most effective odorants. This finding suggests a potential paradigm shift in our understanding of GPCR signaling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bettina Bohl, Ammar Jabali, Julia Ladewig, Philipp Koch
Summary: In human neural stem cells, lysosomes are asymmetrically inherited during mitosis and contain Notch receptors. Notch activation occurs in the acidic lysosome environment. The asymmetry of lysosomes correlates with Notch signaling activity in daughter cells.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Natalie C. Sondermann, Sonja Fassbender, Frederick Hartung, Anna M. Hatala, Katharina M. Rolfes, Christoph F. A. Vogel, Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
Summary: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. AHR can interact with other transcription factors and signaling molecules to regulate gene expression and associated physiological or pathophysiological functions. Understanding the non-canonical functions of AHR is important for disease prevention and treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anam Arif, Ameer A. Alameri, Umer Bin Tariq, Shakeel Ahmed Ansari, Hader Ibrahim Sakr, Maytham T. Qasim, Fadhil F. M. Aljoborae, Andres Alexis Ramirez-Coronel, Hijran Sanaan Jabbar, Gamal A. Gabr, Rasoul Mirzaei, Sajad Karampoor
Summary: Currently, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and the burden of cancer continues to increase. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in cancer initiation and development may lead to new treatments. Recent research suggests that TRIB3 plays a significant role in oncogenesis in various types of cancer.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Teresa Lehnert, Ines Leonhardt, Sandra Timme, Daniel Thomas-Rueddel, Frank Bloos, Christoph Sponholz, Oliver Kurzai, Marc Thilo Figge, Kerstin Huenniger
Summary: This research emphasizes the importance of assessing a patient's immune function, particularly in cases of immune dysfunction. By using an ex vivo whole-blood infection model and biomathematical modeling, functional parameters of innate immune cells in patients' blood can be quantified. The study demonstrates that cardiac surgery patients experience altered immune response patterns after inflammatory insults, affecting pathogen clearance and immune responses.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Gayani Ekanayake, John M. Smith, Kody B. Jones, Hayley M. Stiers, Samuel J. Robinson, Erica D. LaMontagne, Paxton H. Kostos, Peter Cornish, Sebastian Y. Bednarek, Antje Heese
Summary: The study identified the critical role of Arabidopsis DRP1A in ligand-induced endocytosis of FLS2 and its physiological functions in bacterial immune responses. It also revealed the synergistic roles of DRP1A and DRP2B in plant growth, mutant phenotypes, and PM regulation of FLS2. The study suggests the importance of DRP1A and DRP2B in maintaining proper levels of FLS2 for distinct flg22 responses by potentially modulating the lipid environment in specific PM domains.
Article
Microbiology
Karsten Meier, Lana H. Jachmann, Goezde Tuerkoez, Mohammed Rizwan Babu Sait, Lucia Perez, Oliver Kepp, Raphael H. Valdivia, Guido Kroemer, Barbara S. Sixt
Summary: This study revealed the key role of CpoS protein from Chlamydia trachomatis in the modulation of inclusion membrane and membrane trafficking, as well as its ability to suppress interferon response through interaction with Rab GTPases. These findings advance our understanding of how intracellular bacteria shape and protect their growth niche.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoli Zeng, Min Huang, Qing-Xue Sun, Ye-Jun Peng, Xiaomei Xu, Yun-Bin Tang, Ju-Yuan Zhang, Yiling Yang, Cheng-Cai Zhang
Summary: This study identified a c-di-GMP receptor called CdgR, which plays a crucial role in regulating cell size in cyanobacteria. CdgR interacts with a global transcription factor DevH and functions through c-di-GMP-mediated signaling. The findings provide insights into the mechanism of c-di-GMP signaling in controlling bacterial cell size.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuta Homma, Mitsunori Fukuda
Summary: The study identified VPS52 as an effector protein responsible for Rab6-dependent secretory cargo trafficking, with its knockout resulting in attenuated secretion and lysosomal accumulation of secretory cargos.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Manuela Santo, Ivan Conte
Summary: This article reviews the recent research progress on the role of lysosomes in retinal degenerative diseases and the development of effective lysosomal-based therapies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Asad, Abdus Sabur, Mohd Kamran, Md Shadab, Sonali Das, Nahid Ali
Summary: The study reveals the important role of IL-17 in the progression of Leishmania donovani infection in a murine model of VL, and highlights the regulatory functions of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and their secretion of TGF-beta and IL-35 in modulating IL-17 levels during chronic VL.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Meng, Adam Abdullahi, Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira, Niluka Goonawardane, Akatsuki Saito, Izumi Kimura, Daichi Yamasoba, Pehuen Pereyra Gerber, Saman Fatihi, Surabhi Rathore, Samantha K. Zepeda, Guido Papa, Steven A. Kemp, Terumasa Ikeda, Mako Toyoda, Toong Seng Tan, Jin Kuramochi, Shigeki Mitsunaga, Takamasa Ueno, Kotaro Shirakawa, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Teresa Brevini, Donna L. Mallery, Oscar J. Charles, John E. Bowen, Anshu Joshi, Alexandra C. Walls, Laurelle Jackson, Darren Martin, Kenneth G. C. Smith, John Bradley, John A. G. Briggs, Jinwook Choi, Elo Madissoon, Kerstin B. Meyer, Petra Mlcochova, Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez, Rainer Doffinger, Sarah A. Teichmann, Andrew J. Fisher, Matteo S. Pizzuto, Anna de Marco, Davide Corti, Myra Hosmillo, Joo Hyeon Lee, Leo C. James, Lipi Thukral, David Veesler, Alex Sigal, Fotios Sampaziotis, Ian G. Goodfellow, Nicholas J. Matheson, Kei Sato, Ravindra K. Gupta
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 and can evade neutralizing antibodies more effectively compared to the Delta variant. A third dose of mRNA vaccine can provide enhanced protection. Omicron has lower replication in lung and gut cells and less efficiently cleaves its spike protein compared to Delta.
Article
Cell Biology
Prasanti Kotagiri, Federica Mescia, William M. Rae, Laura Bergamaschi, Zewen K. Tuong, Lorinda Turner, Kelvin Hunter, Pehuen P. Gerber, Myra Hosmillo, Christoph Hess, Menna R. Clatworthy, Ian G. Goodfellow, Nicholas J. Matheson, Eoin F. McKinney, Mark R. Wills, Ravindra K. Gupta, John R. Bradley, Rachael J. M. Bashford-Rogers, Paul A. Lyons, Kenneth G. C. Smith
Summary: B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire development differs between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, potentially informing vaccine strategies. After infection, there is an increase in immunoglobulin (Ig)G1/3 and IgA1 BCRs, a decrease in somatic hypermutation (SHM), and expansion of IgM and IgA clones in severe disease. In contrast, vaccination leads to an increase in IgD/M BCRs, unchanged SHM, and prominent expansion of IgG clones.
Article
Immunology
Carlos Perez-Sanchez, Ariana Barbera Betancourt, Paul A. Lyons, Zinan Zhang, Chenqu Suo, James C. Lee, Eoin F. McKinney, Louise K. Modis, Christian Ellson, Kenneth G. C. Smith
Summary: miR-374a-5p plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by controlling the expression of inflammatory mediators and monocyte function. Its reduced expression is associated with inflammatory response in IBD patients and predicts the response to anti-TNF therapy. The findings suggest that miR-374a-5p has therapeutic potential for immune-mediated diseases.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Elumalai Vengadesan, Siddik Thameenansari, Ella Jaganathan Manikandan, Ramalingam Senthil
Summary: The design of the solar receiver is crucial for converting solar radiation into heat transfer fluids. The use of a rectangular channel receiver with dual-functional fins as an alternative receiver shows potential in increasing heat transfer area and fluid flow path efficiency.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Grace Kah Mun Low, Aloysius Poh Leong Ting, Edwin Dan Zhihao Fok, Kalpana Gopalakrishnan, Dimphy Zeegers, Aik Kia Khaw, Manikandan Jayapal, Wilner Martinez-Lopez, M. Prakash Hande
Summary: The Xeroderma Pigmentosum D (XPD) protein plays a crucial role in the repair of oxidative DNA damage and telomere maintenance. Primary fibroblasts derived from patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum D showed increased susceptibility, reduced repair capacity, and telomeric loss when exposed to oxidative stress. Gene expression profiling revealed alterations in genes involved in transcription, nucleotide metabolism, and cellular processes.
MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christoph Neumayr, Vanja Haberle, Leonid Serebreni, Katharina Karner, Oliver Hendy, Ann Boija, Jonathan E. Henninger, Charles H. Li, Karel Stejskal, Gen Lin, Katharina Bergauer, Michaela Pagani, Martina Rath, Karl Mechtler, Cosmas D. Arnold, Alexander Stark
Summary: This paper investigates different types of enhancers and their reliance on cofactors. The authors find that some enhancers can function without commonly used cofactors, regulating distinct gene regulatory programs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Prasanti Kotagiri, Federica Mescia, Aimee L. Hanson, Lorinda Turner, Laura Bergamaschi, Ana Penalver, Nathan Richoz, Stephen D. Moore, Brian M. Ortmann, Benjamin J. Dunmore, Michael D. Morgan, Zewen Kelvin Tuong, Berthold Gottgens, Mark Toshner, Christoph Hess, Patrick H. Maxwell, Menna R. Clatworthy, James A. Nathan, John R. Bradley, Paul A. Lyons, Natalie Burrows, Kenneth G. C. Smith
Summary: Early and persistent defects in B cell subsets in COVID-19 are associated with hypoxia. Early oxygen therapy may be beneficial in correcting these immune deficiencies and improving outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Wang, Prasanti Kotagiri, Paul A. Lyons, Rafia S. Al-Lamki, Federica Mescia, Laura Bergamaschi, Lorinda Turner, Michael D. Morgan, Fernando J. Calero-Nieto, Karsten Bach, Nicole Mende, Nicola K. Wilson, Emily R. Watts, Patrick H. Maxwell, Patrick F. Chinnery, Nathalie Kingston, Sofia Papadia, Kathleen E. Stirrups, Neil Walker, Ravindra K. Gupta, David K. Menon, Kieren Allinson, Sarah J. Aitken, Mark Toshner, Michael P. Weekes, James A. Nathan, Sarah R. Walmsley, Willem H. Ouwehand, Mary Kasanicki, Berthold Gottgens, John C. Marioni, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Jordan S. Pober, John R. Bradley
Summary: The increased expression of Factor V in leukocytes correlates with severe COVID-19 and T-cell lymphopenia. Anticoagulants may suppress the adaptive immune system.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Taha Junaid, D. Sumathi, A. N. Sasikumar, S. Suthir, J. Manikandan, Rashmita Khilar, P. G. Kuppusamy, M. Janardhana Raju
Summary: This study explores several models based on the Transformer architecture and analyzes their performance, with a focus on the adaptability of Transformers for figurative language classification. The results highlight the importance of computers understanding figurative language and the current challenges and research progress in this field.
COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Shuang A. Guo, Georgina S. Bowyer, John R. Ferdinand, Mailis Maes, Zewen K. Tuong, Eleanor Gillman, Mingfeng Liao, Rik G. H. Lindeboom, Masahiro Yoshida, Kaylee Worlock, Hudaa Gopee, Emily Stephenson, Catherine A. Gao, Paul A. Lyons, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Muzlifah Haniffa, Kerstin B. Meyer, Marko Z. Nikolic, Zheng Zhang, Richard G. Wunderink, Alexander Misharin, Gordon Dougan, Vilas Navapurkar, Sarah A. Teichmann, Andrew Conway Morris, Menna R. Clatworthy
Summary: Obesity has a negative impact on respiratory tract immunity in both adult and pediatric COVID-19 patients, leading to suppressed immune cell responses. Obese individuals show decreased expression of interferon and tumor necrosis factor in lung epithelial and immune cells. These findings have important implications for treatment strategies and recommend the specific application of recombinant interferons in obese patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Helene Ruffieux, Aimee L. Hanson, Samantha Lodge, Nathan G. Lawler, Luke Whiley, Nicola Gray, Tui H. Nolan, Laura Bergamaschi, Federica Mescia, Lorinda Turner, Aloka de Sa, Victoria S. Pelly, Prasanti Kotagiri, Nathalie R. Kingston, John Bradley, Elaine Holmes, Julien K. Wist, Jeremy A. Nicholson, Paul Lyons, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Sylvia Richardson, Glenn Bantug, Christoph Hess
Summary: We analyzed detailed longitudinal phenotyping data from 215 individuals with varying disease severities to understand the biology behind individual patient responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings revealed distinct profiles of 'systemic recovery', including the progression and resolution of inflammatory, immune cell, metabolic, and clinical responses. We identified strong correlations between innate immune cell numbers, kynurenine metabolites, and lipid metabolites, which have implications for homeostasis restoration, risk of death, and long COVID.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amelie Bonaud, Laetitia Gargowitsch, Simon M. Gilbert, Elanchezhian Rajan, Pablo Canales-Herrerias, Daniel Stockholm, Nabila F. Rahman, Mark O. Collins, Hakan Taskiran, Danika L. Hill, Andres Alloatti, Nagham Alouche, Stephanie Balor, Vanessa Soldan, Daniel Gillet, Julien Barbier, Francoise Bachelerie, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Julia Jellusova, Pierre Bruhns, Sebastian Amigorena, Karl Balabanian, Michelle A. Linterman, Andrew A. Peden, Marion Espeli
Summary: We identified SNARE Sec22b as a critical regulator of plasma cell maintenance and function. In the absence of Sec22b, plasma cells were hardly detectable and serum antibody titers were dramatically reduced, leading to a failure in mounting a protective immune response. Mechanistically, Sec22b contributes to efficient antibody secretion and is involved in regulating plasma cell transcriptional identity, as well as the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Dylan Lawless, Hana Lango Allen, James E. D. Thaventhiran, Sarah Goddard, Oliver S. Burren, Evie Robson, N. I. H. R. BioResource Rare Dis Consortium NIHR BioResource Rare Dis Consortium, Daniel Peckham, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Sinisa Savic
Summary: This study analyzed the manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF), a common genetic disorder, in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). The research found that patients carrying specific CFTR gene variants had worse outcome in terms of structural lung disease. Genome sequencing also identified cases of CFTR dysfunction in PID, suggesting the potential of precision medicine in treating traditional Mendelian disorders.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bingnan Li, Patrice Zeis, Yujie Zhang, Alisa Alekseenko, Eliska Fuerst, Yerma Pareja Sanchez, Gen Lin, Manu M. Tekkedil, Ilaria Piazza, Lars M. Steinmetz, Vicent Pelechano
Summary: Transcriptional memory is crucial for cellular adaptation. Differences in mRNA stability and mRNA degradation machinery between naive and primed cells facilitate faster gene expression response to repeated stimuli.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Benjamin J. Dunmore, Paul D. Upton, Kate Auckland, Romit J. Samanta, Paul A. Lyons, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Stefan W. Graf, Charlotte Summers, Nicholas Morrell
Summary: Similar to other causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19 is characterized by abnormal expression of vascular injury biomarkers. This study presents the first report that circulating plasma bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), BMP9 and pBMP10, involved in vascular protection, are reduced in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
(2023)
