Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Arnau Pallares-Rusinol, Silio Lima Moura, Merce Marti, Maria Isabel Pividori
Summary: This study developed a new method for the sensitive detection of cancer by preconcentrating exosomes released by tumor cells from serum using immunomagnetic separation and measuring GAPDH transcripts in exosomes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and electrochemical genosensing. The application of this method in breast cancer cells and human serum samples showed high sensitivity and specificity, suggesting it as a promising strategy for minimal invasive liquid biopsy.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhihua Li, Xue Zhang, Haishan Qi, Xiaowei Huang, Jiyong Shi, Xiaobo Zou
Summary: A renewable electrochemical biosensor based on mussel-inspired adhesive protein was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The biosensor showed excellent repeatability and sensitivity, with a wide linear range and a low detection limit. It demonstrated good performance in detecting E. coli O157:H7 in seafood samples.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Alidivinas Prusokas, Michelle Hawkins, Conrad A. Nieduszynski, Renata Retkute
Summary: Cell plating, a common laboratory procedure in microbiology, involves spreading liquid suspension of cells on a surface for colony growth. The impact of parameters on colony growth has not been extensively studied, but investigating these parameters can help to better understand and control the outputs of microbiology techniques.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ashwin Ramanujam, Bertrand Neyhouse, Rebecca A. Keogh, Madhivanan Muthuvel, Ronan K. Carroll, Gerardine G. Botte
Summary: The unique electrochemical microbial sensor can rapidly detect E. coli by forming a catalyst locally on demand without the attachment of biorecognition elements.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dengbin Yu, Rongbing Li, Xiaoxuan Sun, He Zhang, Hongwen Yu, Shaojun Dong
Summary: This study proposed a dual-signal toxicity detection method for rapid detection of water toxicity, which can also be visually estimated by the naked eye, making it more reliable compared to traditional methods. By using Escherichia coli and p-benzoquinone for color reaction, toxicity of Cu2+ was successfully detected, showing certain application prospects.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lin Liu, Yong Chang, Xingyue Ji, Jiayu Chen, Mengyu Zhang, Suling Yang
Summary: A sensitive electrochemical biosensor for telomerase detection was developed by integrating homogeneous extension and hybridization reactions and surface-tethered detection. The biosensor exhibited strong electrochemical signals from the oxidation of Fc tags when the bio-DNA/DNA/Fc-AuNP hybrids were tethered to streptavidin-modified electrodes through specific avidin-biotin interactions. This method has great potential in clinical diagnosis and anti-cancer drug development.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ahmed Y. El-Moghazy, Nicharee Wisuthiphaet, Xu Yang, Gang Sun, Nitin Nitin
Summary: Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial pathogens are increasingly threatening human health worldwide. Detecting bacteria in food samples more rapidly and sensitively is crucial for ensuring food safety and reducing the risk of human exposure to potential hazards. In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensing platform was developed to detect and quantify pathogenic Escherichia coli on spinach leaves, with high specificity towards E. coli in the presence of other common food bacterial contaminants. The success of this approach demonstrates the potential of the sensor platform to be used for the high sensitivity and selectivity detection of different targeted contaminant bacteria in food samples, reducing the analysis time.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yong Chang, Xiaohua Ma, Ting Sun, Lin Liu, Yuanqiang Hao
Summary: A novel heterogeneous electrochemical method for kinase detection was proposed in this work, which does not require immobilization of the probe during phosphorylation. The method captures the biotinylated phosphopeptide on a neutravidin-modified electrode and recognizes phosphate groups using conjugates of biotinylated Phos-tag and ferrocene-capped gold nanoparticles. This strategy is simple, sensitive, and specific, integrating the advantages of homogeneous reaction and heterogeneous detection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruo-Fan Wang, Reuben Wang
Summary: A disposable phage-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli, which achieved a rapid response, low detection limit, and good stability by modifying the electrode surface and immobilizing the bacteriophage.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhixue Zhu, Qianqian Pei, Jingjing Li, Qingxin Zhang, Wanqing Xu, Yu Wang, Su Liu, Jiadong Huang
Summary: This study presents a simple, rapid, and low-cost electrochemical biosensing strategy for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria. The biosensor utilizes target and aptamer binding-triggered signal amplification and three-way junction probe-mediated electrochemical signal transduction. The proposed strategy shows high sensitivity and specificity in the quantitative assay of Salmonella typhimurium, suggesting its potential application in food safety analysis and clinical diagnostics.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
E. Forner, J. J. Ezenarro, M. Perez-Montero, N. Vigues, A. Asensio-Grau, A. Andres, J. Mas, M. Baeza, X. Munoz-Berbel, R. Villa, G. Gabriel
Summary: There is a growing demand for alternative methods to animal testing. This article presents a microbial biosensor based on fully biocompatible materials which is able to detect acetate in a specific range. The results show the successful use of bacteria as a biosensing tool, utilizing inkjet printed transducers, biocompatible materials, and cell entrapment technologies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuqing Zhou, Ziyong Li, Jijie Huang, Yuxing Wu, Xinyu Mao, Yizhou Tan, Hui Liu, Dongxin Ma, Xun Li, Xiaoye Wang
Summary: In this study, an electrochemical biosensor using phage EP01 as the recognition agent for detection of E. coli O157:H7 GXEC-N07 was established. The biosensor showed good linearity in the concentration range of 10(2) CFU/mL to 10(2) CFU/mL with a low detection limit of 11.8 CFU/mL, and the whole process was completed in less than 30 min. The biosensor was successfully applied to the quantitative detection of GXEC-N07 in fresh milk and raw pork. The recovery values ranged from 60.8% to 114.2%. The biosensor provides a rapid, specific, low cost, and label free tool for E. coli O157:H7 GXEC-N07 detection, and is expected to become a powerful method for the detection of bacteria threatening food safety and public health security.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Feng Qin, Shujuan Wang, Mingxia Gao, Xiangmin Zhang
Summary: This study developed a rapid and sensitive detection method for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae using bacitracin immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. The method decreased the detectable concentration of bacteria by 2-3 orders of magnitude in unenriched samples, and the enrichment and identification can be completed in one hour. The bacitracin-functionalized magnetic composite shows potential for large-scale enrichment and isolation of target pathogens from complex biological samples.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Meng Meng, Ying Jiang, Wang Li, Qian Wen, Ying Xiong, Qi Chen, Jiali Ren
Summary: In this study, a rapid and sensitive detection method for E. coli based on M13K07 phage was reported. The method was able to detect as low as 4 cfu/mL of E. coli in a short period of time, and specific analysis and practical application were successfully confirmed.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dhrubajyoti Das, Wei-Long Chen, Han-Sheng Chuang
Summary: This study utilizes rotational diffusometry for rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens like Escherichia coli, achieving detection with high sensitivity and improved turnaround time compared to conventional PCR. The method captures images and analyzes viscosity change to detect DNA presence, showing clear advantages over PCR in terms of detection speed and accuracy.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Silio Lima Moura, Carme Garcia Martin, Merce Marti, Maria Isabel Pividori
Article
Microbiology
Elisabet Frutos-Grilo, Maria Marsal, Oihane Irazoki, Jordi Barbe, Susana Campoy
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Glaucia Tinoco Correa, Joao Carlos de Souza, Joao Pedro Silva, Maria Isabel Pividori, Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alejandra Ben Aissa, Narayanan Madaboosi, Mats Nilsson, Maria Isabel Pividori
Summary: This study utilizes isothermal amplification techniques for the detection of E. coli based on DNA, with preconcentration and amplification on magnetic particles. It shows improved analytical performance and eliminates the need for bulky equipment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patricia de Maria Silva Figueiredo, Jose Costa Sampaio Filho, Alzirene de Jesus Sales Sodre, Jose Ribamar de Castro Junior, Ingrid Santos Goncalves, Rodrigo Vieira Blasques, Rodrigo S. Correa, Benedicto Augusto Vieira Lima, Larissa dos Anjos Marques, Denise Fernandes Coutinho, Ana Paula Silva de Azevedo dos Santos, Tassio Romulo Silva Araujo Luz, Rita de Cassia Mendonca de Miranda, Julliana Ribeiro Alves dos Santos, Antonio Carlos Doriguetto, Maria Isabel Pividori, Manfredo Horner, Paulo Cesar Mendes Villis
Summary: In this study, novel triazene compounds were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The results demonstrated the potential of triazenes as agents against resistant bacterial and fungal strains, with promising activities observed against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as various fungi.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juan Carlos Porras, Mireia Bernuz, Jennifer Marfa, Arnau Pallares-Rusinol, Merce Marti, Maria Isabel Pividori
Summary: Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a paper-based test designed for detecting specific analytes in low-resource settings. While colloidal gold is commonly used for detection, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have shown to be more sensitive, cost-effective, and stable, making them promising alternatives for improving the detection technology.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
J. Marfa, R. R. Pupin, M. P. T. Sotomayor, M. I. Pividori
Summary: Magnetic particles and molecularly imprinted polymers have been widely utilized in scientific and technological applications, revolutionizing separation and bioanalytical methodologies; Hybrid molecularly imprinted polymers offer a cheaper and more stable alternative to biologically modified magnetic particles; The direct detection of electroactive analytes based on magnetic-MIP preconcentration shows potential in various fields such as food safety and environmental monitoring.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alejandra Ben Aissa, Barbara Araujo, Esther Julian, Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni, Maria Isabel Pividori
Summary: This study successfully combines IMS and paper-based nucleic acid immunochromatographic assay for sensitive detection of Mycolicibacterium fortuitum. The preconcentration of bacteria and amplification of genome using specific primers were highlighted, along with the comparison of analytical performance of different immunochromatographic platforms.
Article
Biophysics
Silio Lima Moura, Arnau Pallares-Rusinol, Luciano Sappia, Merce Marti, Maria Isabel Pividori
Summary: This article introduces a biosensor combining immunomagnetic separation and electrochemical biosensing based on the intrinsic ALP activity of exosomes. By improving the analytical performance for detecting ALP activity in exosomes, reliable differentiation between breast cancer patients and healthy individuals is achieved.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miquel Sanchez-Osuna, Pilar Cortes, Mark Lee, Aaron T. Smith, Jordi Barbe, Ivan Erill
Summary: Lesions to DNA can threaten cell survival by compromising chromosome integrity, and the bacterial SOS response is a common transcriptional regulatory mechanism to address DNA damage. A novel family of transcriptional repressor proteins in the Bacteroidetes has been identified, orchestrating the canonical response to DNA damage in this phylum. The discovery sheds light on the origin and plasticity of the transcriptional network involved in the SOS response.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ana Caroline Ferreira Santos, Orlando R. P. de Araujo, Fabiana A. Moura, Sabir Khan, Auro A. Tanaka, Antonio Euzebio G. Santana, Maria Isabel Pividori, Maria del Pilar Taboada-Sotomayor, Marilia O. F. Goulart
Summary: This study successfully developed electroanalytical strategies for separating and quantifying reduced glutathione using a new and selective magnetic molecular imprinted polymer. The proposed sensor demonstrated high functionality with a linear response for GSH concentration, low detection and quantification limits, and a high correlation with traditional techniques when measuring GSH levels in mouse liver samples.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaoqian Tang, Qi Zhang, Maria Isabel Pividori, Zhaowei Zhang, Jean-Louis Marty, Gaelle Catanante
Summary: Patulin contamination is a serious health risk factor for food safety and human health. In this study, a sensitive aptamer-based lateral flow assay was developed for rapid and simple patulin detection in apple juice.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pedro Guirado, Elisenda Miro, Yaidelis Iglesias-Torrens, Ferran Navarro, Susana Campoy, Tyler Scott Alioto, Jessica Gomez-Garrido, Cristina Madrid, Carlos Balsalobre
Summary: This study describes the presence of a plasmid and its transferability in a multi-drug resistant strain of Campylobacter jejuni. The plasmid not only carries tetracycline resistance genes, but also a gene cluster that provides resistance to kanamycin and gentamycin. Additionally, the study suggests the possibility of genetic exchange between Campylobacter and distantly related G-positive bacterial genera.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Arnau Pallares-Rusinol, Silio Lima Moura, Merce Marti, Maria Isabel Pividori
Summary: This study developed a new method for the sensitive detection of cancer by preconcentrating exosomes released by tumor cells from serum using immunomagnetic separation and measuring GAPDH transcripts in exosomes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and electrochemical genosensing. The application of this method in breast cancer cells and human serum samples showed high sensitivity and specificity, suggesting it as a promising strategy for minimal invasive liquid biopsy.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda Cano, Miren Ettcheto, Mireia Bernuz, Raquel Puerta, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Elena Sanchez-Lopez, Eliana B. Souto, Antonio Camins, Merce Marti, Maria Isabel Pividori, Merce Boada, Agustin Ruiz
Summary: Extracellular vesicles are secreted by cells and play important roles in intercellular communication, immune responses, human reproduction, and synaptic plasticity. They have potential as biomarkers for diseases due to their biological relevance and easy accessibility. They can also be used as mirrors of brain diseases as they can cross the blood-brain barrier. This review explores their biogenesis, functions, and potential in clinical practice, as well as their role in major human brain diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Reza Khodadadi, Manouchehr Eghbal, Hamideh Ofoghi, Alireza Balaei, Ali Tamayol, Karen Abrinia, Amir Sanati-Nezhad, Mohamadmahdi Samandari
Summary: This paper introduces an integrated portable centrifugal microfluidic system that automates cell and fluid manipulation for complete blood counting (CBC) analysis at the point-of-care (POC). The system utilizes a specially designed microfluidic disc for cell separation, solution metering and mixing, and cell counting, and is equipped with a custom script for automated quantification of cells. The proposed method shows a strong correlation with the gold standard hematology analyzer for various blood parameters. The portable system offers simplicity, affordability, and low power consumption, making it a potential solution for improving healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings and remote areas.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Nabil H. Bhuiyan, Joon S. Shim
Summary: Developing herd immunity is crucial for changing the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. An AI-driven point-of-care testing platform has been proposed for analyzing the body's response to SARS-CoV-2, and it has been successfully used for quantifying viral proteins and antibodies in blood samples. A data-receptive web-based dashboard system has also been developed for real-time analysis of herd immunity progress.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Alexiane Godain, Timothy M. Vogel, Pascal Fongarland, Naoufel Haddour
Summary: This study provides comprehensive insights into the intricate relationship between shear stress and electroactive biofilms in microbial fuel cells, highlighting the pivotal role of shear stress in influencing the growth kinetics, electrical performance, and physical structure of the biofilms. The study also emphasizes the complexities of extracellular electron transfer mechanisms and the need for complementary metaproteomic analyses.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Linjie Wang, Yixin Chen, Yang Ji, Shujun Zheng, Fei Wang, Caolong Li
Summary: A paper-based biosensor incorporating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and colorimetric detection has been developed for efficient quantification of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The biosensor exhibits excellent selectivity, stability, and precision, with low detection limits in both SERS and colorimetric modes. It has been successfully utilized for intracellular GSH detection and validated against a commercial GSH assay kit.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Quan Zhou, Jing Wang, Zhen Zhang, Alain Wuethrich, Richard J. Lobb, Matt Trau
Summary: This study presents a biosensor for sensitive detection of EMT-associated biomarkers on extracellular vesicles (EVs) surfaces during targeted therapy. Through longitudinal monitoring of patients, the biosensor shows its ability to identify the EMT-like phenotype switching on circulating EVs during the development of resistance.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Review
Biophysics
Pratika Rai, Sabrina N. Hoba, Celine Buchmann, Robert J. Subirana-Slotos, Christian Kersten, Tanja Schirmeister, Kristina Endres, Bernd Bufe, Alexey Tarasov
Summary: Proteases have been proposed as potential biomarkers for various pathological conditions. The development of protease biosensors offers a more efficient way to investigate dysregulated proteases. This review article presents different optical and electrochemical detection methods for designing biosensors for all major protease families.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Chengxin Liu, Xu Shen, Li Yan, Runlian Qu, Yue Wang, Yaqin He, Zixuan Zhan, Piaopiao Chen, Feng Lin
Summary: In this study, a homogeneous rapid electrochemical aptasensor was developed to quantitatively detect CTCs in lung cancer patients. The aptasensor utilized a DNA nanosphere structure and a complementary aptamer to specifically detect mucin 1 as a marker for CTCs. The assay exhibited high specificity and sensitivity, and the results were consistent with other detection methods.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Danni Xue, Xing Dai, Jialong Zhao, Jiayao Zhang, Huan Liu, Kui Liu, Tao Xu, Chenjie Gu, Xingfei Zhou, Tao Jiang
Summary: In this study, a dual-enhancement SERS substrate based on Ti3C2TX and Ag nanocubes was fabricated for precise quantification of ritonavir and ibrutinib in serum. The formation of numerous electromagnetic hotspots between Ag nanocubes facilitated effective photo-induced charge transfer. The composite substrate showed excellent sensitivity, achieving low detection limits and high recoveries, making it promising for monitoring and identification of clinical blood drug concentration.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Tenghua Zhang, Zihui Xie, Xiaohe Zheng, Yuxin Liang, Yao Lu, Hankang Zhong, Feiyang Qian, Yuqing Zhu, Ruiting Sun, Yan Sheng, Jiaming Hu
Summary: This study reports a technology based on cationic lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for efficient extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment and in-situ detection of internal microRNAs. The technology demonstrates high EV enrichment efficiency and sensitive internal RNA detection, making it potentially useful for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Wenjie Dai, Gaoxu Chen, Xiaoyan Wang, Shujun Zhen, Chengzhi Huang, Lei Zhan, Yuanfang Li
Summary: In this study, a novel metal organic gel (MOG) with dual electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties was prepared by simple mixing. The MOG exhibited strong and stable anodic and cathodic ECL signals. By utilizing this MOG, an ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of a specific gene. The study developed a straightforward technique for obtaining a single luminescent material with dual signals and expanded the analytical application of MOGs in the realm of ECL.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Lais Canniatti Brazaca, Amanda Hikari Imamura, Rodrigo Vieira Blasques, Jessica Rocha Camargo, Bruno Campos Janegitz, Emanuel Carrilho
Summary: The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (muPADs) for medical diagnosis is a growing trend due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and potential for application in low-resource settings. This review focuses on the advances in muPADs for medical diagnostics, discussing their use in detecting various biomarkers in common human biofluids. The challenges of biomarker detection in each sample are examined, along with innovative techniques to overcome these limitations. The commercialization difficulties of muPADs are also considered, along with future trends such as wearable devices and integrated platforms.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Minghong Jian, Xudong Sun, Hua Zhang, Xiaotong Li, Shasha Li, Zhenxin Wang
Summary: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are attractive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but their low abundance in biological samples, especially in the early stages of tumors, makes it challenging to precisely analyze MMP activities. In this study, a peptide microarray-based metal-enhanced fluorescence assay (PMMEFA) is proposed as a sensitive and specific method to simultaneously detect MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13 activities. The PMMEFA showed excellent sensitivity and was capable of detecting MMP activities in various matrices.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Kyung Ho Kim, Eunsu Ryu, Zinah Hilal Khaleel, Sung Eun Seo, Lina Kim, Yong Ho Kim, Hyun Gyu Park, Oh Seok Kwon
Summary: We have developed a novel strategy for discriminative detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants using the plasmonic photothermal effect of gold nanofilms and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technology. With this method, we were able to detect the delta and omicron variants with high sensitivity within 25 minutes from COVID-19 patients' clinical samples, making it a rapid and accurate point-of-care testing tool.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Zepeng Kang, Yuanming Wang, Haiyan Song, Xueli Wang, Job Zhang, Zhiguang Zhu
Summary: By designing a wearable and flexible lactic-acid/O2 EBFC with an air-breathing biocathode, the limitations of biocathode are effectively solved. The optimal performance conditions are determined through experiments, and the EBFC is successfully applied to power a low-power device.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Huayun Chen, Zhiheng You, Yuhui Hong, Xiao Wang, Mingming Zhao, Yushi Luan, Yibin Ying, Yixian Wang
Summary: This study developed a colorimetric sensor array using gas-responsive two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) composites for highly sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The dye/Zn-2(bim)(4) composites-based sensor arrays showed enhanced sensitivity and anti-interference properties. The findings demonstrate the potential use of dye/Zn-2(bim)(4) sensor arrays for early perception of plant diseases.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
