Review
Chemistry, Applied
Chaozhong Xu, Shanshan Tong, Liqun Sun, Xiaoli Gu
Summary: Cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery is crucial for producing high-value biofuels and chemicals, and immobilization of cellulase enzymes has greatly improved the efficiency, stability, and reusability of the process. This comprehensive review analyzes the principles and various approaches of cellulase immobilization, including physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking. It also explores different carrier materials and emerging techniques such as multi-enzyme co-immobilization and 3D printing carriers, while addressing obstacles like diffusion limitations and loss of cellulase activity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pawan Kumar, Azadeh Kermanshahi-pour, Satinder Kaur Brar, Chunbao Charles Xu, Quan Sophia He, Sara Evans, Jan K. Rainey
Summary: This study investigated the impact of different pretreatment methods on the enzymatic digestibility of wood and found that acetosolv pulping-alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching was the most effective pretreatment. In addition, the optimized enzyme cocktail showed higher yield than individual enzymes and the scCO(2) pretreatment had negligible effect on the structure and activity of the enzyme cocktail.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Malinee Sriariyanun, Nichaphat Kitiborwornkul, Prapakorn Tantayotai, Kittipong Rattanaporn, Pau-Loke Show
Summary: This study developed a one-pot process combining IL pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification using low-toxic choline acetate ([Ch][OAc]) and IL-tolerant bacterial cellulases. The results showed that this method has the potential for high sugar production and further application in biorefining processes.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jessica C. Rohrbach, Jeremy S. Luterbacher
Summary: This study highlights the interaction between experimental conditions and physical characteristics of biomass particles in affecting digestibility, emphasizing the role of internal mass transfer as substrate size increases and enzyme loading decreases. Adjusting enzyme and biomass loading based on wood particle size and cellulose accessibility is crucial for maintaining a strong concentration gradient and optimizing enzyme diffusion.
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Neha Srivastava, Rajeev Singh, Manish Srivastava, Asad Syed, Dan Bahadur Pal, Ali H. Bahkali, P. K. Mishra, Vijai Kumar Gupta
Summary: The study utilized mixed fungal consortia for solid state fermentation to enhance cellulase production, and improved the thermal and pH stability of cellulase with NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The treated cellulase was used for enzymatic hydrolysis of biowaste to biofuels, resulting in significantly higher sugar yield and productivity compared to control.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Fernando Roberto Paz-Cedeno, Lucas Ragnini Henares, Eddyn Gabriel Solorzano-Chavez, Mateus Scontri, Flavio Pereira Picheli, Ismael Ulises Miranda Roldan, Rubens Monti, Samuel Conceicao de Oliveira, Fernando Masarin
Summary: The study showed that pretreatment with sulfite-NaOH was the most efficient in removing lignin while keeping cellulose intact, and had the best response to enzymatic hydrolysis with high conversion rates.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Guangyong Zeng, Liyi Zhang, Benkun Qi, Jianquan Luo, Yinhua Wan
Summary: Avicel cellulose was pretreated with two commonly used carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride-lactic acid and choline chloride-formic acid. The pretreatment led to the formation of cellulose esters with lactic acid and formic acid, which was confirmed through spectroscopic analysis. Surprisingly, the esterified cellulose showed a significant decrease in enzymatic glucose yield compared to the untreated cellulose, but this reduction could be recovered by removing the ester groups through saponification. The decreased enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis may be attributed to changes in the interaction between the cellulose-binding domain of cellulase and the esterified cellulose.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ziyuan Zhou, Denghao Ouyang, Dehua Liu, Xuebing Zhao
Summary: Deconstruction of cell wall structure is important for biorefining of lignocellulose to produce biofuels and chemicals. This review article discusses various oxidative pretreatment methods including wet oxidation, alkaline hydrogen peroxide, organic peracids, Fenton oxidation, and ozone oxidation. The primary mechanism of oxidative pretreatment is delignification, particularly in alkaline medium, which improves cellulose digestibility by eliminating the physical blocking and non-productive adsorption of enzymes by lignin. However, the cost of oxidative delignification is currently too expensive for large-scale applications.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Xiaolin Li, Yan Shi, Weiwei Kong, Jiping Wei, Wenjun Song, Suying Wang
Summary: Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable energy source, and biological pretreatment methods have advantages in improving enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. However, the time-consuming and low efficiency of biological pretreatment still limit its large-scale application.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jun Zhang, Kuntai Li, Shucheng Liu, Shushi Huang, Chao Xu
Summary: The study optimized the AHP pretreatment conditions for sugarcane bagasse, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis at high-solids substrate loading and fed-batch fermentation to convert fermentable sugars into succinic acid (SA), achieving a high SA conversion rate of 0.29 g/g SCB raw material.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
P. Jennita Jacqueline, G. Velvizhi
Summary: This study examines the potential of yellow banana peel, pineapple peel, and papaya peel as substrates for producing reducing sugar. Different pretreatment techniques were used to enhance the delignification process and enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in increased yield of reducing sugars.
SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Prans Brazdausks, Daniela Godina, Maris Puke
Summary: This study focuses on selectively converting birch wood C5 carbohydrates into furfural through catalytic hydrothermal pretreatment, while preserving cellulose for glucose production. The results showed a conversion rate of approximately 64.1% to 75.9% of the available C5 carbohydrates to furfural. Furthermore, the loss of cellulose during the pretreatment stage did not exceed 10% of the initial amount.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Alonso G. Hernandez-Mendoza, Sergio Saldana-Trinidad, Sergio Martinez-Hernandez, Bianca Y. Perez-Sarinana, Magdiel Lainez
Summary: The study demonstrated the production of bioethanol from cocoa pod husk through optimized alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes. The optimal alkaline pretreatment condition was found to be 5% NaOH for 30 minutes at 120 degrees Celsius, while optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were 10 FPU g(-1) substrate and 10% solid loading.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Haiyan Zhang, Lujia Han, Hongmin Dong
Summary: Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a complex heterogeneous catalytic process for sustainable cellulosic ethanol production. The main influencing factors include biomass pretreatment and enzyme/substrate properties, which can be optimized through experimental and theoretical modeling studies. Biomass recalcitrance depends on accessible cellulose surface area and pore volume.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhi-Min Zhao, Wenqing Yu, Caitong Huang, Huiting Xue, Juan Li, Dejian Zhang, Guanhua Li
Summary: Enzymatic hydrolysis and steam explosion were used to improve the fermentable sugar content and cellulose accessibility of tiger nut, enhancing its value-added utilization.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)