Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Milos Radosavljevic, Steva Levic, Miona Belovic, Jelena Pejin, Aleksandra Djukic-Vukovic, Ljiljana Mojovic, Viktor Nedovic
Summary: The study demonstrates that immobilized L. rhamnosus cells in PVA cryogel can be successfully utilized in stable repeated batch fermentations on low-cost fermentation media without loss of cell activity and LA fermentation capability.
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mengqi Pei, Zifu Zhao, Song Chen, E. I. Reshetnik, S. L. Gribanova, Chun Li, Guofang Zhang, Libo Liu, Lin Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus L08 fermentation on the physicochemical characteristics, amino acid composition, and volatile flavor compounds of pea flour. The results showed that L. rhamnosus L08 fermentation increased the content of most amino acids, reduced the unpleasant flavor compounds, and improved the emulsifying and foam stability of pea flour. These findings suggest that lactic acid bacteria fermentation is a promising approach to eliminate undesirable aroma of pea flour and promote its use as a high-quality protein source.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Paola Monteiro de Oliveira, Larissa Provasi Santos, Luciana Fontes Coelho, Paulo Marcelo Avila Neto, Daiane Cristina Sass, Jonas Contiero
Summary: This study focuses on obtaining L(+)-lactic acid from sucrose using Lactobacillus casei Ke11 strain through different feeding strategies, which increases lactic acid production and productivity, while avoiding cellular stress caused by high osmotic pressure. The purification of the acid using charcoal and celite, followed by a cation exchange column, proved to be highly efficient, allowing for a high yield of lactic acid and removal of sugars and proteins. This study shows potential for large-scale fermentation of L. casei Ke11 for production of l-lactic acid.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Augchararat Klongklaew, Kridsada Unban, Apinun Kanpiengjai, Pairote Wongputtisin, Punnita Pamueangmun, Kalidas Shetty, Chartchai Khanongnuch
Summary: The study identified a strain, WX1, with high capability to produce optically pure l-lactic acid (l-LA) from different sugars. Optimal cultivation conditions significantly improved l-LA yield, paving the way for practical applications in bioconversion of lignocellulose, particularly glucose-xylose-rich corn stover to l-LA.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Katarzyna Petka, Pawel Sroka, Tomasz Tarko, Aleksandra Duda-Chodak
Summary: Under specific conditions, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 has the ability to degrade acrylamide, but this capability disappears under certain conditions. Additionally, the presence of acrylamide in milk can modulate the bacteria metabolism.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Augchararat Klongklaew, Kridsada Unban, Dharman Kalaimurugan, Apinun Kanpiengjai, Hassan Azaizeh, Linda Schroedter, Roland Schneider, Joachim Venus, Chartchai Khanongnuch
Summary: This study demonstrated the bioconversion of lignocellulosic by-product corn stover to L-lactic acid using specific strains of bacteria. The optimal conditions for the highest sugar release and L-LA production were determined. The purification of L-LA from the culture broth was successfully achieved. This study not only presents a feasible process for L-LA production from corn stover but also provides an alternative approach for solving the problem of haze air pollution caused by improper management of corn production residuals.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kiana Pourmohammadi, Mehran Sayadi, Elahe Abedi, Maryam Mousavifard
Summary: This study evaluated the adsorption capacity and stability of AFB1, OTA, and ZEA by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus individually and in combination. Results showed that the detoxifying efficiency depended on various factors and that the surface hydrophobicity of the strains increased with higher incubation temperature. Additionally, the affinity of AFB1 and OTA toxins to LAB surfaces varied, with different trends of toxin release in different solvents based on polarity.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ernesta Augustiniene, Ilona Jonuskiene, Jurgita Kailiuviene, Edita Mazoniene, Kestutis Baltakys, Naglis Malys
Summary: This study developed a transcription factor (TF)-based whole-cell biosensor strategy for the determination of L- and D-lactic acid. The utility of biosensors as an efficient analytical tool was demonstrated, and the fermentation of lactic acid using organic-rich residual fraction (ORRF) was explored. The results showed that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, and Lactobacillus amylovorus have the ability to biosynthesize optically pure L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid or a mixture of both from ORRF.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jiayan Jiang, Ke Li, Yuanliang Wang, Zhongqin Wu, Huiqin Ma, Shilin Zheng, Zongjun Li
Summary: This study isolated and identified 104 strains of LAB from traditionally fermented vegetables, fresh milk, healthy infant feces, and other environments. The strains were evaluated for their antibacterial properties, acid and bile salts resistance, digestive enzymes resistance, and adhesion ability. Three LAB strains with good comprehensive performance were obtained, which exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, good acid resistance, and adhesion ability. These strains met the required characteristics and safety evaluation criteria for potential probiotics.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yong Wang, Kai Huo, Lijuan Gao, Di Cai, Bin Wang, Guoqun Zhao, Jinlong Liu, Jianxiong Hao
Summary: The research focused on improving L-lactic acid fermentation by using PVA/Fe3O4/LAB composite, which demonstrated excellent mass transfer and structural stability properties. It could maintain stable fermentation performance within 3 freeze-thaw cycles, showing potential for enhancing L-lactic acid production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yaqin Sun, Huihui Liu, Yong Yang, Xu Zhou, Zhilong Xiu
Summary: This study aimed to establish a simplified operational process for lactic acid production from inedible starchy biomass using thermotolerant Lactobacillus rhamnosus DUT1908. The research achieved high yield and productivity of lactic acid, providing an efficient route for the development of high value-added products.
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Melinda Pazmandi, Zoltan Kovacs, Anna Maraz
Summary: This study assessed the potential of using lactic acid bacteria for depleting non-GOS sugars from a crude GOS mixture, aiming to combine the prebiotic characteristics of purified GOS with the health-promoting effects of lactic acid fermentation metabolites. Supplementation of crude GOS with casein hydrolysate and retardation of acidification during fermentation stimulated cell growth, mono- and disaccharide consumption, overall organic acid production and diversity of the produced acids. Fermentation by specific strains resulted in the production of high purity GOS media.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Busra Nur Gundogan, Cemalettin Saricoban, Kubra Unal
Summary: This research aimed to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG fermentation on egg white powder. The study found that fermentation decreased the pH value and foaming capacity of the powder, while increasing yield and emulsion capacity. The study suggests that fermentation can effectively enhance the quality properties of egg white powder, making it suitable for use in the food industry.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiwei Tian, Xuehua Liu, Yifan Zhang, Yang Chen, Haifeng Hang, Ju Chu, Yingping Zhuang
Summary: This study successfully developed a strain capable of efficiently producing high-purity L-lactic acid at high temperatures through gene editing and adaptive evolution, showing great potential for commercial production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yurii Penchuk, Maryana Savytska, Nazarii Kobyliak, Danylo Ostapchenko, Igor Kolodiy, Svitlana Onysenko, Olena Tsyryuk, Oleksandr Korotkyi, Fedir Grygoriev, Tetyana Falalyeyeva
Summary: The bacterial lysate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus DV demonstrates antibacterial and antifungal properties when in direct contact with pathogenic agents.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyan Liu, Hongxin Zhang, Wenjun Liu
Summary: In this paper, the dynamical characteristics of pure-quartic solitons (PQSs) generated in mode-locked fiber lasers are studied, and the bilinear forms and solutions of the fourth-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation (FNLSE) in optical fiber systems are obtained using Hirota's bilinear method. An interesting phenomenon of PQS molecular interaction is found, and soliton-asymmetric soliton molecules are obtained by parameters control.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Wenjun Liu, Xiaolu Xiong, Mengli Liu, XiaoWei Xing, Hailong Chen, Han Ye, Junfeng Han, Zhiyi Wei
Summary: Through the research on Bi4Br4, it is found that it has a large modulation depth and high stability, which can be used as a saturable absorber for mode-locking high-power ultrafast lasers. This discovery is of great significance for the innovation of high-power ultrafast photonic devices and photon applications.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Qin Zhou, Tianyi Wang, Anjan Biswas, Wenjun Liu
Summary: The all-optical logic device is a key component in all-optical communication and computing systems. This paper investigates all-optical logic devices using optical solitons, presenting three-soliton solutions and discussing the conditions for their formation and performance. The results have theoretical significance for the application of these devices.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lihui Pang, Meng Zhao, Qiyi Zhao, Lu Li, Rongfeng Wang, Rongqian Wu, Yi Lv, Wenjun Liu
Summary: Nanotechnology is a promising field for technological development, and GaSb materials show great potential for nonlinear optical device applications. This study calculates the electronic band structures of GaSb and validates its application in dissipative soliton fiber lasers. Experimental results demonstrate that a GaSb thin film deposited on a microfiber can generate dissipative soliton laser pulses with a fundamental frequency of 43.5 MHz, indicating its potential in ultrafast optics.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Haotian Wang, Xin Li, Qin Zhou, Wenjun Liu
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of optical rogue waves in the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation using various effective calculation methods. Exact rogue wave solutions are obtained based on the Lax integrable nature of the equation and a new matrix form Darboux transformation. These rogue waves exhibit dark or ultrahigh peak patterns with observable peaks and depressions in their structures. Numerical simulations show that they are more stable than the standard eye-shaped rogue waves. Modulation instability can generate a large number of rogue wave structures from perturbed continuous waves. Spectral analysis allows for the mathematical characterization and prediction of rogue waves in mode-locked fiber lasers. These results contribute to the understanding of ultrashort wave phenomena in optics, plasma, alkali-atom Bose-Einstein condensates, and other physics and engineering domains.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xue Guan, Haotian Wang, Wenjun Liu, Xiaoyan Liu
Summary: This paper investigates the modulation instability in the continuous wave background of the new modified Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation with anomalous dispersion. The localized wave solutions of the new model are obtained via generalized Darboux transformation method, and various types of solutions including breather, rogue waves, and interaction solutions are presented and analyzed for their dynamic properties. The results have potential applications in nonlinear optics and long-distance transmission.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyan Liu, Hongxin Zhang, Yuanyuan Yan, Wenjun Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the optical breather and its molecular form in optical fiber systems. By controlling parameters, mode conversions and interactions between breathers and other nonlinear waves are analyzed. Interestingly, it is found that breathers can amplify or compress other types of nonlinear waves by interacting with them. Finally, the constraints for the formations of different types of optical breather molecules (OBMs) are derived. Our study may provide theoretical guidance for further exploring the practical application value of breathers and their molecular forms.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Cui-Cui Ding, Qin Zhou, Si-Liu Xu, Yun-Zhou Sun, Wen-Jun Liu, Dumitru Mihalache, Boris A. Malomed
Summary: In this study, we investigate the controlled evolution of nonautonomous solitons in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. By analyzing a system of three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations with spatiotemporal modulation, we derive an integrability condition and a nonisospectral Lax pair. This allows us to obtain an infinite set of dynamical invariants and generate one- and two-soliton solutions using the Darboux transform. We find various solutions for controlled nonautonomous solitons, including self-compressed, snake-like, stepwise solitons, and even rogue wave-like states.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Lu LI, Jiawei Cheng, Qiyi Zhao, Jinniu Zhang, Huiran Yang, Yaming Zhang, Zhanqiang Hui, Feng Zhao, Wenjun Liu
Summary: This study explores the nonlinear optical characteristics and applications of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) in ultrafast optics. A microfiber decorated with a Cr2O3 film is prepared and its nonlinear optical characteristics are examined. The results show that this device has a modulation depth of 12.52% and a saturation intensity of 0.0176 MW/cm2. Moreover, the Cr2O3-microfiber is successfully applied as a saturable absorber in an Er-doped fiber laser, generating stable Q-switching and mode-locking laser pulses.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaowei Xing, Yuxiang Liu, Junfeng Han, Wenjun Liu, Zhiyi Wei
Summary: The low damage threshold of saturable absorption devices is a challenge for the stable operation of passive mode-locked lasers. Various technologies have been developed to resist high-energy irradiation of ultrafast lasers, but they also increase the complexity of laser construction. This paper proposes a new research idea of optimizing optical transmittance to address the low-damage threshold problem.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yuanyuan Yan, Wenjun Liu, Haotian Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Xiankui Meng, Hujiang Yang, Ye Tian
Summary: This paper analyzes the propagation characteristics of ultrashort pulses in birefringent fiber described by the variable coefficients coupled high-order complex Ginzburg-Landau equations (HCGLEs). The one-soliton solution of the coupled HCGLEs is obtained by the asymmetric method, which is an innovative breakthrough. The evolution process and dynamic characteristics of special types of solitons in the variable coefficients coupled HCGL system are discussed, and a combination of traditional bright soliton and dromion-like structure is constructed for the first time.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lihui Pang, Rongfeng Wang, Qiyi Zhao, Meng Zhao, Le Jiang, Xiaogang Zhang, Rongqian Wu, Yi Lv, Wenjun Liu
Summary: This study investigates the application of InSb films in ultrafast photonics. The InSb film was fabricated on a microfiber and its characteristics were determined. Mode-locked and Q-switched fiber lasers were realized using the InSb-microfiber device. The performance of the lasers was better compared to those using 2D materials as saturable absorbers.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Muwei Liu, Haotian Wang, Hujiang Yang, Wenjun Liu
Summary: This paper investigates a coupled higher-order variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which has potential applications in optical fiber communications. The author presents a modified Kudryashov method to obtain soliton solutions for the fractional variable-coefficient equations. The interaction of solitons is studied through dynamical analysis, providing insights into the relationship between the dynamical structure of solitons and parameters in the fractional nonlinear optical system. The results of this paper contribute to the study of fractional nonlinear optical systems and provide theoretical guidance for optical communication in inhomogeneous optical fibers.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ruhao Yang, Han Ye, Naizhang Sun, Wenjun Liu
Summary: This paper systematically investigates the spontaneous formation of MoS2 nanoscrolls and proposes a self-scrolling mechanism based on molecular dynamics simulations. The sulfur vacancies and van der Waals interactions play a crucial role in the formation process, and increasing sulfur vacancy density enhances the curvature and scrolling rate of the nanoscrolls.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Wen Liu, Shixuan Zheng, Zhongliang Deng, Ke Wang, Wenliang Lin, Jizhao Lei, Yihui Jin, Hao Liu
Summary: A model for describing the Doppler power spectrum of satellite channels is proposed in the paper to address the issue of shape variation caused by scene and time changes. The atlas fingerprint method is utilized for data classification and parameter fitting, resulting in improved model accuracy and better representation of frequency domain characteristics of LEO satellite channel fading.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
