Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale

Analysis of several different schemes for industrial FAME production at higher pressure and temperature (catalytic or non-catalytic synthesis) was realized with the aim to find the best route to reduce the energy consumption (EC) and to improve the life cycle energy efficiency. Obtained results indicated that the EC (MJ/kg FAME) mainly depends on degree of conversion of triglycerides being almost 25% smaller if degree of conversion increase from 97 mass% to complete conversion. Further significant decrease of EC might be obtained at subcritical conditions but only after substantial decrease of methanol to oil molar ratio (from 42 to 15) which requires use of appropriate catalyst. On account of that, the kinetics of heterogeneous catalyzed methanolysis of triglycerides was analyzed using data published in literature (CaO) as well as own experimental data (K2CO3/Al-O-Si) with a goal to obtain reliable kinetic rate constant which might be used for process simulation. This study shows that if heterogeneous process of biodiesel synthesis is realized at subcritical conditions then further decrease of EC is possible. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.