Article
Engineering, Environmental
Farihahusnah Hussin, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, Rozita Yusoff
Summary: The study focuses on the preparation of adsorbents derived from palm shell waste with high carbon content and functionalized with deep eutectic solvent, leading to enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity. The relationship between adsorbent surface characteristics and CO2 adsorption performance was investigated through experiments. The DES-based activated carbon with a mixture of choline hydroxide:urea showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity under specific conditions and maintained good performance after multiple adsorption-desorption cycles.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Izirwan Izhab, Mohd. Asmadi, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Summary: Dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide was investigated using oil palm shell activated carbon supported cobalt catalyst. The study found that reaction temperature was the most influential variable, and both H-2 and CO yields could be optimized simultaneously.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Li, Zeming Wang, Huiyun Liao, Xue Liu, Lixiang Zhou, Yeqing Lan, Jiguang Zhang
Summary: In this study, sulfur-doped copper-manganese bimetallic oxides were successfully fabricated and applied as a catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The results showed that S-CuMnO exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all tested catalysts, attributed to its abundant Cu(I) content and increased specific surface area.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jin Zhang, Chen Wang, Minghui Xiang, Yuan Huang, Lide Jin, Zhiyuan Yang, Hui Li
Summary: The study found that compounding Fe@Fe2O3 with humic acid enhanced PMS activation and degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The Fe@Fe2O3-HA/Fe2+/PMS system achieved an increase in TCP degradation efficiency from 59% to 83% within 10 minutes under alkaline conditions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nor Adilla Rashidi, Suzana Yusup
Summary: This study investigated the potential of a mixture of petroleum coke and palm kernel shell as starting materials for activated carbon production, finding optimal conditions for production. Experimental results demonstrated that the blend can be used as activated carbon precursors with comparable CO2 adsorption performance.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wang Sun, Huacong Chu, Junyan Liu, Na Wang, Yang Wang
Summary: A monomer-induced self-assembly growth path was proposed for the synthesis of core-shell heterostructured MOF(Fe/Cu)(DT)@COF hybrid nanomaterial with highly ordered crystal structure. The resulting MOF(Fe/Cu)(DT)@COF electrochemical sensor showed excellent electrocatalytic performance for the detection of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range, low detection limit, and negligible interference from other ions.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pravin Vejan, Rosazlin Abdullah, Noraini Ahmad, Tumirah Khadiran
Summary: The oil palm kernel shell activated carbon (OPKS-AC) outperforms oil palm kernel shell biochar (OPKS-B) in terms of sorption capacity for urea. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of OPKS-AC for urea was found to be 239.68 mg/g. This makes OPKS-AC a promising candidate for the production of environmentally friendly urea fertilizers.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianguang Wang, Zhirong Sun
Summary: In this study, municipal domestic wastewater (MDW) was successfully utilized as a co-catabolic carbon source to degrade wastewater containing high levels of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). Adjusting the MDW addition mode further increased the efficiency of 2,4,6-TCP removal. The addition of MDW promoted the growth of bacterial genera responsible for 2,4,6-TCP degradation and the metabolism of intermediates, leading to high removal efficiencies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Z. Nahrul Hayawin, Z. Bidattul Syirat, M. F. Ibrahim, J. Nor Faizah, A. A. Astimar, A. W. Noorshamsiana, M. Ropandi, A. W. Nursulihatimarsyila, S. Abd-Aziz
Summary: This study demonstrated the use of a continuous adsorption system with oil palm kernel shell activated carbon (AC-OPKS) to treat palm oil mill effluent final discharge, achieving improved removal efficiency and meeting environmental standards.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Balamurugan Arumugam, Selvakumar Palanisamy, Gandhiraj Janagaraj, Sayee Kannan Ramaraj, Matteo Chiesa, Chidambaravinayagam Subramanian
Summary: In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed for the real-time detection of TCP using graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets decorated with Fe3O4 nanospheres (CN@Fe3O4) composite-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). The synthesis of CN nanosheets was done using the combustion technique while the co-precipitation method was used for the preparation of CN@Fe3O4 composite. The CN@Fe3O4-modified SPCE showed superior performance in TCP detection compared to CN and Fe3O4 modified SPCEs, with a linear range of 0.04-651 μM and a detection limit of 12 nM.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Van Quang Nguyen, Huu Tap Van, Sy Hung Le, The Hung Nguyen, Huu Tho Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Lan, Quoc Toan Pham, Thi Tuyet Nguyen, Thi Bich Hanh Nguyen, Trung Kien Hoang, Thi Ngoc Ha Tran
Summary: This study explored the use of activated carbon to adsorb and subsequently desorb organic compounds in human urine for nutrient extraction in hydroponic solutions. The analysis of the experiment showed promising results in terms of nutrient extraction for plant growth, suggesting the feasibility of this method in agricultural production.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jia Yen Lai, Lock Hei Ngu, Siti Salwa Hashim, Jiuan Jing Chew, Jaka Sunarso
Summary: This paper comprehensively assesses the research on oil palm-derived activated carbon for CO2 adsorption, covering characteristics, activation methods, surface modification, adsorption performance, challenges, and potential developments. The use of oil palm wastes as precursors for CO2 adsorption materials is explored in depth.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nor Adilla Rashidi, Awais Bokhari, Suzana Yusup
Summary: The kinetic analysis showed that the rate of CO2 adsorption of both activated carbons increased with temperature, indicating higher mobility of CO2 adsorbates at elevated temperatures. However, the adsorption capacity of both activated carbons decreased at higher temperatures, suggesting exothermic and physisorption behavior. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model provided a better fit for CO2 adsorption, with a coefficient of determination (R-2) close to unity, regardless of the adsorption temperature.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lide Jin, Ghebretensae Aron Kifle, Yuan Huang, Chunyang Li, Haibo Chen, Minghui Xiang, Chen Wang, Jin Zhang, Zhiyuan Yang, Siyang Li, Zhen Lu, Hui Li
Summary: The Fe7S8/PS system exhibited high efficiency in the removal of TCP from groundwater due to the involvement of sulfate radical (SO4·-) and hydroxyl radical (·OH). The hexagonal Fe7S8 sheets synthesized in this study enhanced the activation of PS and the degradation of TCP.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohammad Abdillah Ahmad Farid, Yoshito Andou, Irmawati Ramli, Mohd Ali Hassan
Summary: The palm oil industry has abundant biomass residues that can be used to produce valuable products. The carbon content of oil palm biomass is high, making it a promising source for carbonaceous materials. Pyrolysis is the most commonly used technique to convert the biomass into carbon-rich by-products, but there is a lack of precise definition and methods for carbon materials. This review compares biochar and activated carbon generated from oil palm biomass and emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and circular bioeconomy in the industry.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rich David Ortiz Olivares, Patrick U. Okoye, Jean F. Ituna-Yudonago, Chigoziri Nnaemeka Njoku, Bassim H. Hameed, Wang Song, Sanxi Li, Adriana Longoria, P. J. Sebastian
Summary: In this study, a stable catalyst was prepared from the waste of gastropoda mollusca to synthesize glycerol carbonate. The functionalization of the catalyst enhanced its stability and basicity, leading to improved conversion and yield of the reaction.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
Hani Ababneh, B. H. Hameed
Summary: This article provides a review of recent advances in the field of electrofuels, including their chemistry, production reactions, life cycle assessment, and economic and technical evaluation. It also covers the combustion behavior and performance of electrofuels, as well as suggestions for improving production costs and integrating electrofuels into current energy systems.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. W. Gin, H. Hassan, M. A. Ahmad, B. H. Hameed, A. T. Mohd Din
Summary: Studies on co-pyrolysis of plastic waste and biomass to obtain sustainable liquid fuel and reduce waste have gained global attention. This research investigated the thermal, kinetics, and thermodynamic events during the pyrolysis of binary polyolefin mixture, oil palm fibre, and their blends, and found that co-pyrolysis can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Kashif Manzoor, Maria Batool, Farha Naz, Muhammad Faizan Nazar, Bassim H. Hameed, Muhammad Nadeem Zafar
Summary: This review elaborates on the role of plant-based bioadsorbents in the removal of CR dye through the most efficient method of adsorption, with a critical comparison of different bioadsorbents through their isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. It highlights the cost-effectiveness and green nature of bioadsorbents, making them a promising choice for wastewater treatment.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moonis Ali Khan, Bassim H. Hameed, Masoom Raza Siddiqui, Zeid A. Alothman, Ibrahim H. Alsohaimi
Summary: In this study, simulated food waste was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization to produce hydrochars. The properties of the hydrochars, including mass yield, energy yield, heating value, and activation energy, were analyzed. The results indicate that the hydrochar produced from food waste has the potential to substitute coal combustion.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Garba Kabir, Isah Yakub Mohammed, Yousif Abdalla Abakr, Bassim H. Hameed
Summary: This study conducted intermediate pyrolysis on desert date shells for the first time and demonstrated their potential as a biomass feedstock for producing high-quality bio-oil and biochar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the composition of the bio-oil. The results showed that the bio-oil had a diverse composition rich in oxygenated compounds such as acids, phenolics, and benzene derivatives. The ultimate analysis revealed a higher carbon content and lower oxygen content in the bio-oil compared to the desert date shell. The findings suggest that desert date shells can be an attractive feedstock for producing valuable biomaterials.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Muthmirah Ibrahim, Bassim H. Hameed, Abdelkader Ouakouak, Azam Taufik Mohd Din
Summary: Low-cost biochar adsorbents were synthesized from pineapple peel waste via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for CO2 capture. The CO2 adsorption capacity increased with CO2 feed concentration and decreased with temperature and feed flow rate. The Avrami kinetics model best described the experimental data. The CO2 adsorption performance of PPW-BC in a fixed-bed column was successfully predicted by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Ali H. Jawad, B. H. Hameed, Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed
Summary: In this study, a new quadruple nanocomposite of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/magnesium oxide/Fe3O4 was prepared and optimized using response surface methodology for the adsorption of the RBBR dye. The synthesized nanocomposite showed a high adsorption capacity for RBBR and can effectively remove organic dyes from aqueous environments.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Areeba Hameed, Bassim H. Hameed, Fares A. Almomani, Muhammad Usman, Muneer M. Ba-Abbad, Majeda Khraisheh
Summary: In this study, the adsorption of lead(II) on activated carbons, including tire-derived activated carbon (TAC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC), in a packed-bed column was simulated using Aspen Adsorption (R) V11 flowsheet simulator. The simulation results indicated that TAC showed higher potential for lead(II) adsorption compared to CAC.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moonis Ali Khan, B. H. Hameed, Masoom Raza Siddiqui, Zeid A. Alothman, Ibrahim H. Alsohaimi
Summary: This study characterized the hydrochars produced from fruit peel waste and its mixtures via hydrothermal carbonization, and found that the hydrochars had high calorific value and low sulfur content.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
P. U. Okoye, D. M. Arias, B. H. Hameed, P. J. Sebastian, Sanxi Li, Wang Song
Summary: This study explores the thermochemical utilization of glycerol derived from biodiesel production, including pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, and other pathways. It finds that glycerol can be converted into hydrogen with a yield of up to 70% using catalysts. The study also highlights the potential of supercritical water reforming for sustainable fuel production and CO2 reduction. Further economic analysis is needed to optimize the production of fuels from glycerol.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Hattan A. Alharbi, Bassim H. Hameed, Khaled D. Alotaibi, Saud S. Al-Oud, Abdullah S. Al-Modaihsh
Summary: This study provides a review of the potential of date palm residues (DPRs) as activated carbon (AC) in adsorbing textile dyes and the recent technological advances adopted by researchers. Textile dyes can pose an environmental threat, and the adsorption process using AC has been proven to be effective in treating dye wastewater. DPRs provide a sustainable and abundant alternative to coal as the precursor for AC. Different activation methods, such as physical activation, chemical activation, and microwave heating, are discussed, along with the isotherm and kinetic models used to evaluate the adsorption process.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fares AlMomani, Moayyad Shawaqfah, Malak Alsarayreh, Majeda Khraisheh, Bassim H. Hameed, Salman Raza Naqvi, Mohammed Berkani, Sunita Varjani
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different pretreatment methods on the production of bio-ethanol and biopolymer from residual algal biomass. The results showed that microwave laser-hydrogen peroxide-Fe-nanoparticle pretreatment had the highest sugar liberation and biopolymer yield, while the bio-ethanol production was greatly influenced by pH and temperature. The produced biopolymer exhibited excellent properties and can be used in various applications.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hattan A. Alharbi, Bassim H. Hameed, Khaled D. Alotaibi, Saud S. Al-Oud, Abdullah S. Al-Modaihsh
Summary: In this study, mixture activated carbon (MAC) was developed from a mixture of date palm wastes through hydrothermal carbonization and microwave-assisted H3PO4 activation. MAC showed mesoporous structure and negatively charged surface with various functional groups. The adsorption capacity of MAC for removing RBBR increased with initial concentration and achieved the maximum at pH 3 and 30 degrees C. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models were the best fit for describing the RBBR-MAC adsorption system. The adsorption process was exothermic, increased randomness at the liquid-solid interface, and controlled by physisorption.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Moonis Ali Khan, Bassim H. Hameed, Masoom Raza Siddiqui, Zeid A. Alothman, Ibrahim H. Alsohaimi
Summary: This review critically discusses recent developments in hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of food waste and its valorization to solid fuel. It covers food waste properties and fundamentals of the HTC reactor, as well as the effect of various factors on the physiochemical properties of hydrochar. The review finds that the hydrochar produced from food waste has properties comparable to sub-bituminous coal and can be used as fuel or co-combusted with coal.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
