Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eva E. Rufino-Palomares, Amalia Perez-Jimenez, Leticia Garcia-Salguero, Khalida Mokhtari, Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita, Juan Peragon-Sanchez, Jose A. Lupianez
Summary: The Mediterranean diet, characterized by the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and olive oil, is recognized worldwide for its health benefits. The inclusion of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and triterpenes, in this diet provides preventive and curative effects on various diseases.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Liu Liu, Haobin Li, Kaiwen Hu, Qinglong Xu, Xiaoan Wen, Keguang Cheng, Caiping Chen, Haoliang Yuan, Liang Dai, Hongbin Sun
Summary: Pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) have been found to activate AMPK, with synthesized delta-oleanolic acid saponin 29 showing significant anti-inflammatory effects and liver protection in mice with acute hepatic failure.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hugo Minnee, Johannes G. M. Rack, Gijsbert A. van der Marel, Herman S. Overkleeft, Jeroen D. C. Codee, Ivan Ahel, Dmitri V. Filippov
Summary: ADP-ribosylation is a process that transfers an ADP ribose moiety to a nucleophilic side chain by consuming nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, allowing for the regulation of key processes such as apoptosis and DNA repair. Recent studies have identified histidine as an acceptor site for ADP-ribose, leading to the development of a synthetic strategy for ADP-ribosylated histidine peptides. The stability and resistance of these peptides against chemical conditions and degradation by ADP-ribosylhydrolases have been investigated, showing promising results for their application in further research.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Monika Kijewska, Michalina Zawadzka, Miko Laj, Piotr Stefanowicz
Summary: This study presents a fast, simple, and efficient method for the synthesis of lactosylated peptides using microwave-assisted synthesis and boronate affinity chromatography. The researchers successfully synthesized modified peptides from β-lactoglobulin and applied the functionalized resin for enrichment of lactosylated peptides in human serum albumin samples.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marius Mioc, Alexandra Prodea, Roxana Racoviceanu, Alexandra Mioc, Roxana Ghiulai, Andreea Milan, Mirela Voicu, Gabriel Mardale, Codruta Soica
Summary: This paper summarizes the recent studies on the mechanism of action of several triterpenic acids, which have various biological activities and are important for drug development and treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aixa Aguilera-Garrido, Elena Arranz, Maria Jose Galvez-Ruiz, Juan Antonio Marchal, Francisco Galisteo-Gonzalez, Linda Giblin
Summary: Maslinic acid (MA), a low water-soluble compound derived from plants, has been formulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve its solubility and bioaccessibility for effective antitumor activity. SLNs can serve as nanocarriers for hydrophobic antitumor compounds and have demonstrated stability and suitability for oral consumption.
Article
Plant Sciences
Karina Vega-Granados, Marta Medina-O'Donnell, Francisco Rivas, Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita, Antonio Martinez, Luis Alvarez de Cienfuegos, Jose A. Lupianez, Andres Parra
Summary: A set of 12 maslinic acid-coumarin conjugates were synthesized, with one conjugate showing the most potent anticancer effects while maintaining high cell viability for non-tumor cells. Four conjugates demonstrated apoptotic effects in cancer cells, and most compounds caused cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in all tested cancer cell lines.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Han, Chen Yuan, Xiaowei Zhou, Yingjie Han, Yanhao He, Jian Ouyang, Wenna Zhou, Zhenhua Wang, Honglun Wang, Gang Li
Summary: OA, AA, and MA exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, with OA and AA exerting their effects through MAPKs, NF-kappa B, and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zuzanna Sycz, Dorota Tichaczek-Goska, Dorota Wojnicz
Summary: Due to the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria, research on plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial mechanisms of action has been conducted. Pentacyclic triterpenes, such as asiatic acid (AA) and ursolic acid (UA), have diverse biological activities and exhibit antibacterial effects. This review article aims to provide a broader understanding of the activity of AA and UA against pathogenic bacteria, including their effects on planktonic and biofilm cultures, as well as their mechanisms of action.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marta Medina-O'Donnell, Karina Vega-Granados, Antonio Martinez, M. Rosario Sepulveda, Jose Antonio Molina-Bolivar, Luis Alvarez de Cienfuegos, Andres Parra, Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita, Francisco Rivas
Summary: A fluorescent labeling protocol was used to synthesize 12 derivatives of hydroxylated natural compounds with promising antitumor properties, showing that fluorescent labels with shorter amino acid chains and non-benzylated carboxyl groups exhibited the best fluorescent properties. Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated rapid uptake of these compounds into cancer cells, with the derivatives showing highest toxicity against the cancer cell lines tested. The fluorescent labeling enabled tracking of uptake and subcellular distribution, facilitating detailed investigation of biological properties on a cellular and molecular level.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuki Yamauchi, Tetsu Kinoshita, Satoshi Fukumitsu, Kazuhiko Aida, Koutatsu Maruyama, Isao Saito, Naofumi Yamamoto
Summary: Age-related changes in physical function are closely associated with daily activity impairment among the elderly. Continuous maslinic acid intake may improve skeletal muscle mass, and intake with physical exercise improved muscle strength, muscle mass, and quality of life in a maslinic acid-intake-dependent manner.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Kosuke Ohsawa, Sakiko Fukaya, Takayuki Doi
Summary: The structure of the 30-membered cyclodepsipeptide decatransin was determined through total synthesis. Two enantiomers of 2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid derivatives were prepared and N-alkyl-enriched peptide fragments were synthesized using the Cbz strategy. The synthesis of putative candidates was achieved through convergent peptide coupling and macrocyclization under the Mitsunobu conditions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuki Yamauchi, Tetsu Kinoshita, Satoshi Fukumitsu, Kazuhiko Aida, Koutatsu Maruyama, Isao Saito, Naofumi Yamamoto
Summary: Continuous intake of maslinic acid can improve physical function in the elderly, but the concentration-dependent benefits are still unclear. A study found that intake of maslinic acid can increase muscle mass and quality of life, with the effects depending on the dosage.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriela Nistor, Cristina Trandafirescu, Alexandra Prodea, Andreea Milan, Andreea Cristea, Roxana Ghiulai, Roxana Racoviceanu, Alexandra Mioc, Marius Mioc, Viviana Ivan, Codruta Soica
Summary: This review summarizes the literature published in the last 10 years regarding derivatives of pentacyclic triterpenes bearing heterocyclic moieties and focuses on their biological activities and structure-activity relationships. The studies suggest that triterpenoid conjugates with heterocyclic moieties may be promising candidates for future clinical trials.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aixa Aguilera-Garrido, Pablo Gravan, Saul A. Navarro-Marchal, Marta Medina-O'Donnell, Andres Parrah, Maria Jose Galvez-Ruiz, Juan Antonio Marchal, Francisco Galisteo-Gonzalez
Summary: Research has shown that solid lipid nanoparticles containing maslinic acid and curcumin can be prepared using Poloxamer 407 and Dicarboxylic acid-Poloxamer 407 as surfactants. These nanoparticles not only greatly improve the solubility of both substances, but also exhibit higher antitumor activity in human cancer cells.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beatriz G. G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio
Summary: While the world was battling with the COVID-19 Omicron wave at the end of 2021, except for China, most countries ended 2022 with COVID-19 being treated like the flu. As a result, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only authorized 37 new drugs this year, compared to an average of 52 in the previous four years. This marks the second lowest number of drug approvals in the last six years, even though it may change in the future. The decrease in FDA approvals mainly applies to small molecule drugs, while biologics and TIDES have remained relatively constant.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Eugenia Prados, Carmen Navarrete, Adela Garcia-Martin, Isabel Lastres-Cubillo, Francisco Ponce-Diaz, Jose Martinez-Orgado, Eduardo Munoz
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with neuroinflammation and brain-blood barrier (BBB) disruption playing critical roles in its pathogenesis. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of VCE-005.1, a betulinic acid hydroxamate, were investigated in vitro and in a TBI mouse model. The results demonstrate that VCE-005.1 stabilizes HIF-1 alpha, enhances TJ protein expression, promotes angiogenesis, improves locomotor coordination, preserves BBB integrity, reduces immune cells infiltration, recovers AMPK expression, and decreases neuronal cell apoptosis in the TBI model, highlighting its multitarget anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria Veronica Humpola, Roque Spinelli, Melina Erben, Virginia Perdomo, Georgina Guadalupe Tonarelli, Fernando Albericio, Alvaro Sebastian Siano
Summary: In this study, analogs of two antimicrobial peptides, C10:0-A2 and TA4, were designed and synthesized, and non-proteinogenic amino acids were used to improve their therapeutic properties. The physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of these analogs were analyzed. The results showed that substitution with D- and N-methyl amino acids could enhance stability against enzymatic degradation and modulate the therapeutic properties of antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides. The study provides insights into the design and optimization of antimicrobial peptides for improved stability and therapeutic efficacy. TA4(dK), C10:0-A2(6-NMeLys), and C10:0-A2(9-NMeLys) were identified as the most promising molecules for further studies.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
K. P. Nandhini, Mahama Alhassan, Clinton G. L. Veale, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre
Summary: The solid-phase synthesis of Met-containing peptides often leads to the formation of impurities, Met(O) and sulfonium salt, due to oxidation and S-alkylation reactions. These reactions occur during the final acidolytic cleavage step. In this study, two new cleavage solutions were developed to eliminate oxidation and reduce S-alkylation. The optimal mixture for Cys-containing peptides was TFA-anisole-TMSCl-Me2S-TIS with triphenyl phosphine, while TIS was not required for other peptides. Both cleavage solutions were effective for sensitive amino acids like Cys and Trp. The sulfonium salt was successfully reversed to free Met-containing peptide by heating with acetic acid.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander C. Martins, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre
Summary: The year 2022 saw the successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic in most countries through social and hygiene measures and vaccination campaigns. However, there was a decrease in total drug approvals by the FDA, particularly for small molecules. The Biologics class, on the other hand, maintained its figures with the authorization of 15 novel molecules.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Othman Al Musaimi, Danah Al Shaer, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre
Summary: In 2022, a total of 37 new drug entities were approved, with TIDES class drugs gaining five authorizations, consisting of four peptides and one oligonucleotide. The majority of these drugs (23 out of 37) were first-in-class and received fast-track designation by the FDA. This analysis focuses on the TIDES approved in 2022, examining their chemical structure, medical target, mode of action, administration route, and common adverse effects.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fanny Guzman, Monica Arostica, Tanya Roman, Dina Beltran, Adriana Gauna, Fernando Albericio, Constanza Cardenas
Summary: Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) is a widely used technique in research and production. Three different laboratory protocols have been implemented to fulfill diverse requirements. The results show that each protocol yields different purification and can be chosen based on specific needs.
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sinenhlanhla N. Mthembu, Amit Chakraborty, Ralph Schonleber, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre
Summary: Morpholine, scoring 7.5 in greenness and not being regulated, is a promising candidate for Fmoc removal in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Morpholine in dimethylformamide (DMF) (50%-60%) effectively removes Fmoc in SPPS, reduces diketopiperazine formation, and nearly eliminates aspartimide formation. Somatostatin has been successfully synthesized using 50% morpholine in DMF with the same purity as when using 20% piperidine-DMF, serving as proof of concept.
JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jessica T. Mhlongo, Ayman Y. Waddad, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre
Summary: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for combating multidrug resistance due to their heterogenous structures and broad-spectrum action. The combined use of AMPs with other antimicrobial agents provides a new arsenal of drugs with synergistic action, inhibiting the development of drug resistance. This review discusses various synergies of AMPs with antimicrobials and miscellaneous agents, providing guidance for improved clinical outcomes.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ghulam Shabir, Aamer Saeed, Wajeeha Zahid, Fatima Naseer, Zainab Riaz, Nafeesa Khalil, Mary J. Muneeba, Fernando Albericio
Summary: Fluorine substitution has been extensively explored for improving drug properties, such as increasing biological activity and enhancing stability. Selective substitution of fluorine onto therapeutic or diagnostic drugs can enhance pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. The use of fluorine in radiolabeling and PET imaging has also been studied. This review reports on FDA-approved fluorinated drugs and provides examples from various therapeutic and diagnostic drugs.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tanya Roman, Gerardo Acosta, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Constanza Cardenas, Fanny Guzman, Fernando Albericio
Summary: This study presents an optimized procedure for activating 2-chlorotrityl chloride (2-CTC) resin, reducing the use of activation reagent and activation time. It also demonstrates the feasibility of reusing the resin and achieving different degrees of activation by varying the amount of thionyl chloride (SOCl2).
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Babita Kushwaha, Sinenhlanhla N. Mthembu, Anamika Sharma, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre
Summary: We have synthesized disulfide-reducing agents DPDT and DMPDT from serinol and methyl serinol, respectively. DPDT demonstrated higher stability than DMPDT. The reducing capacity of DPDT was found to be comparable to that of DTT, and its effectiveness was evaluated in both liquid and solid phases.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
K. P. Nandhini, Danah Al Shaer, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. G. de la Torre
Summary: Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are important mimics of DNA/RNA that can effectively bind with high affinity and specificity. Due to their metabolic stability, PNAs have broad applications in various fields. However, PNA synthesis faces challenges such as difficulties in preparing monomers and their solubility, as well as obstacles related to intra/inter chain aggregation and side reactions. Different protecting group strategies can be employed to overcome these hurdles and optimize the synthesis process.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
K. P. Nandhini, Sikabwe Noki, Edikarlos Brasil, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre
Summary: Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are a class of synthetic biomolecules with great potential in medicine. A new PNA SPS strategy based on a safety-catch protecting group scheme has been developed, allowing the synthesis of PNAs using Boc as a temporal protecting group.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rafel Prohens, Rafael Barbas, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio, Antonio Frontera
Summary: This article reports on the crystal structure and properties of Oxyma-B, an important racemization suppressor for peptide synthesis. Through a combination of experimental and computational methods, the solid-state landscape and hydration tendency of this substance have been revealed.