Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Huan Peng, Min Xie, Xiaoyi Zhong, Yongshao Su, Xue Qin, Qingping Xu, Sigui Zhou
Summary: Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), an enzyme involved in fatty acid oxidation, regulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Its coenzyme FAD plays a crucial role in myocardial energy metabolism. Insufficient riboflavin intake can lead to symptoms similar to SCAD deficiency or FAD gene abnormalities, but the effect of riboflavin on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis is unclear. In this study, riboflavin was found to increase SCAD expression, ATP content, and FAD content, while decreasing free fatty acids. This led to improvements in induced hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. In animal experiments, riboflavin improved TAC-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis by increasing SCAD expression and energy metabolism. These findings suggest that riboflavin may be a potential treatment for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sylwia Szrok-Jurga, Aleksandra Czumaj, Jacek Turyn, Areta Hebanowska, Julian Swierczynski, Tomasz Sledzinski, Ewa Stelmanska
Summary: Fatty acid metabolism, especially beta-oxidation, plays a crucial role in human physiology and pathology. Beta-oxidation is not only involved in energy metabolism but also contributes to the synthesis of various important compounds. This review provides an overview of the importance of mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation in different organs and cells and discusses the diseases associated with fatty acid oxidation disturbances. The review also highlights the abnormalities of fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells and diseases caused by mutations in enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Brandon B. Holmes, Jeffrey B. Russ, Yvonne W. Wu, Renata C. Gallagher, Dawn Gano
Summary: The newborn male infant was born prematurely at 36 weeks, with low birth weight, but he behaved normally and breastfed well in the first 40 hours of life.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuliana Muzio, Giuseppina Barrera, Stefania Pizzimenti
Summary: PPARs, belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, play important roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, as well as various cell functions and physiological processes. Their ability to modulate antioxidant genes expression and inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators synthesis makes them key regulators in cellular response against oxidative stress.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eveliina Halmetoja, Irina Nagy, Zoltan Szabo, Tarja Alakoski, Raisa Yrjola, Laura Vainio, Eliina Viitavaara, Ruizhu Lin, Lea Rahtu-Korpela, Seppo Vainio, Risto Kerkela, Johanna Magga
Summary: Wnt11 is involved in early cardiac development and left ventricular compaction, but its role in postnatal cardiac maturation and response to stress in the adult heart is not well understood. This study found that Wnt11 deficiency does not affect cardiomyocyte proliferation or maturation, but does lead to enlargement of the heart. Additionally, Wnt11 deficiency does not exacerbate cardiac hypertrophy or remodeling in response to pressure overload.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ravi R. Sonani, Artur Blat, Grzegorz Dubin
Summary: This study solved the crystal structures of human ACOX1a, revealing its homodimeric form and the binding of two FAD molecules at the active site. It also found that the substrate binding cleft of ACOX1a is wider compared to other fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Furthermore, the study analyzed the impact of mutations causing dysfunctionality of ACOX1a on its structure and function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Haobo Li, Lena E. Trager, Xiaojun Liu, Margaret H. Hastings, Chunyang Xiao, Justin Guerra, Samantha To, Guoping Li, Ashish Yeri, Rodosthenis Rodosthenous, Michael G. Silverman, Saumya Das, Amrut V. Ambardekar, Michael R. Bristow, Juan Manuel Gonzalez-Rosa, Anthony Rosenzweig
Summary: This study identifies a novel pathway, lncExACT1-DCHS2, that regulates cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyogenesis. lncExACT1-DCHS2 acts as a master switch toggling the heart between physiological and pathological growth to determine functional outcomes, providing a potentially tractable therapeutic target for harnessing the beneficial effects of exercise.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weibei Sheng, Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Siyang Cao, Yihao Wei, Jian Weng, Fei Yu, Hui Zeng
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that is exacerbated by population aging, resulting in a significant economic burden. Current therapies are inadequate, but research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) shows promise in slowing OA progression. PPARs have emerged as potential targets for effective OA treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tong-tong Li, Gang Li, Rui Hu, Xin Ji, Chang Liu, Yun-ting Shao
Summary: Sulfatides are unique sphingolipids with important functions in various systems in the human body and are closely related to tumor occurrence and development. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is a potential regulator of sulfatides. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the physiological functions of sulfatides and discusses the possible PPAR alpha regulatory mechanisms in sulfatide metabolism and functions.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qirong Lu, Pu Guo, Jingchao Guo, Irma Ares, Bernardo Lopez-Torres, Maria-Rosa Martinez-Larranaga, Xu Wang, Arturo Anadon, Maria-Aranzazu Martinez
Summary: Cardiac fibrosis is a pathogenic factor of many cardiovascular diseases, and PPARs have been shown to regulate its progression. This review systematically summarizes literature on cardiac fibrosis from 2010 to 2020, clarifying the role of PPARs and discussing treatment strategies against cardiac fibrosis based on PPAR activity.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional responses, with a specific emphasis on the role of PPARγ in regulating blood pressure. Genetic and clinical trial data demonstrate the importance of PPARγ in hypertension, and the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes are detailed. The role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia is also discussed, along with future research directions and implications for novel therapies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Yang, Xiao Yang, Yi-fei Zhang, Jia-ning Tian, Shi-cheng Fan, Yue Gao, Hui-lin Li, Cheng-hui Cai, Min Huang, Hui-chang Bi
Summary: In this study, it was found that activation of PPARa leads to hepatomegaly in mice, with hepatocyte hypertrophy around the central vein area and hepatocyte proliferation around the portal vein area. The study also revealed that the upregulation of PPARa targets is higher in the central vein area compared to the portal vein area, while the upregulation of proliferation-related proteins mainly occurs in the portal vein area. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of PPARa activation-induced liver enlargement and regeneration.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Haoyang Zou, Yiyao Gong, Haiqing Ye, Cuiping Yuan, Tiezhu Li, Jie Zhang, Li Ren
Summary: This study summarizes the physiological importance and clinical significance of PPARs and reviews the experimental evidence that natural products mediate metabolic syndrome via PPARs. The majority of currently described natural compounds are mild PPAR-selective agonists with therapeutic effects that are equivalent to synthetic medicines but less harmful adverse effects. Conclusion: PPAR agonists can be combined with natural products to treat and prevent metabolic syndrome.
Review
Cell Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Florian Nima Fleckenstein, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Preeclampsia is a common hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, and PPARs play a significant role in its pathophysiology. Studies have shown contradictory conclusions regarding PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae, but PPAR gamma agonists have been identified as a novel and potent anti-preeclamptic treatment option.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Constantinos Troungos, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins which regulate gene expression. In our literature review of 27 relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023, it was found that PPAR alpha and PPAR beta/delta isoforms were upregulated in endometrial cancer cells, while PPAR gamma levels were significantly lower. Interestingly, PPAR agonists were found to be potent anti-cancer therapeutic alternatives. Overall, PPARs seem to play a significant role in endometrial cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qiuju Huang, Jinxian Huang, Zhenhua Zeng, Jiani Luo, Peiqing Liu, Shaorui Chen, Bing Liu, Xuediao Pan, Linquan Zang, Sigui Zhou
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lizhi Feng, Qiuju Huang, Zhiying Huang, Hang Li, Xiaoxiao Qi, Ying Wang, Zhongqiu Liu, Xiaohong Liu, Linlin Lu
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhenhua Zeng, Qiuju Huang, Zhaohui Shu, Peiqing Liu, Shaorui Chen, Xuediao Pan, Linquan Zang, Sigui Zhou
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2016)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhiying Huang, Qiuju Huang, Liyan Ji, Ying Wang, Xiaoxiao Qi, Liang Liu, Zhongqiu Liu, Linlin Lu
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2016)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tao Su, Xia Yang, Jian-Hua Deng, Qiu-Ju Huang, Su-Chao Huang, Yan-Min Zhang, Hong-Ming Zheng, Ying Wang, Lin-Lin Lu, Zhong-Qiu Liu
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hongming Zheng, Qiuju Huang, Suchao Huang, Xia Yang, Ting Zhu, Wensheng Wang, Haojia Wang, Shugui He, Liyan Ji, Ying Wang, Xiaoxiao Qi, Zhongqiu Liu, Linlin Lu
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2018)