Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Wayne D. Hawkins, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: Autophagy proteins often have multiple roles, not only in the process of autophagy but also potentially in other cellular processes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Polyansky, Oren Shatz, Milana Fraiberg, Eyal Shimoni, Tali Dadosh, Muriel Mari, Fulvio M. Reggiori, Chao Qin, Xianlin Han, Zvulun Elazar
Summary: This study investigates the role of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in autophagy using yeast as a model organism. The results show that PC is important for autophagosome formation and that disruption of PC biosynthesis leads to changes in lipid composition and impaired autophagic flux.
Article
Cell Biology
Jee-Eun Lee, Nari Kim, Minkyo Jung, Ji-Young Mun, Joo-Yeon Yoo
Summary: SHISA5 acts as an autophagy suppressor by blocking the contact between the phagophore and endoplasmic reticulum exit sites under basal conditions. Cells lacking SHISA5 display enhanced autophagy, which requires specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I activity and functional assembly of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Hana Popelka, Daniel J. J. Klionsky
Summary: A recent study used cryo-electron tomography combined with computational analysis to gain insights into autophagosome biogenesis in yeast cells. This approach provided new information on autophagic structures, their contacts with organelles, membrane sources, and transition mechanisms. These findings open new avenues for autophagy research and highlight the potential of cryo-ET in cell biology.
Review
Cell Biology
Emma Zwilling, Fulvio Reggiori
Summary: This article summarizes the role of MCSs in autophagosome formation, with a focus on budding yeast and mammalian systems.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Yongheng Liang
Summary: Macroautophagy/autophagy is a process that involves the engulfment of unnecessary or damaged cellular materials by phagophores, which then form double-membrane autophagosomes and fuse with lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation and recycling. The fusion of phagophores and lysosomes/vacuoles is crucial for autophagy, and the interruption of this fusion can lead to decreased cell survival. However, it has been observed that fusion can still occur in mutant cells, indicating the possibility of restoring autophagy after interruption.
Review
Cell Biology
Sheikh Tahir Majeed, Rabiya Majeed, Khurshid I. Andrabi
Summary: The article reviews the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular events that define the process of autophagy.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nida Asif, Fucheng Lin, Lin Li, Xueming Zhu, Sehar Nawaz
Summary: This article summarizes the threat of rice blast disease to global food security and the significant role of autophagy in the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. Recent studies have identified autophagy regulation mechanisms and summarized autophagy-related techniques in rice blast fungus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Hyun Sung, Thomas E. Lloyd
Summary: Macroautophagy is crucial for eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles, and its dysregulation is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and FTD. The expansion of G4C2 repeats in the C9orf72 gene disrupts autophagosome formation, highlighting the importance of dynamic ER tubules.
Article
Cell Biology
Sabrina Chumpen Ramirez, Ruben Gomez-Sanchez, Pauline Verlhac, Ralph Hardenberg, Eleonora Margheritis, Katia Cosentino, Fulvio Reggiori, Christian Ungermann
Summary: During autophagy, Atg9 plays a critical role in establishing membrane contact sites and promoting lipid transfer. However, a specific mutation in Atg9 can impair autophagy progression by blocking phagophore expansion.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oren Shatz, Zvulun Elazar
Summary: Autophagy is a cellular process that selectively eliminates cytoplasmic constituents through engulfment in an isolation membrane, or non-selectively recycles bulk cytoplasm. Autophagosome formation involves the elongation of a newly-formed membrane, called the phagophore, by direct lipid flow from a donor membrane. Recent research has made significant advancements in understanding the regulation of autophagy and autophagosome formation by different lipid species and associated protein complexes. This schematic summary provides an overview of the current understanding of autophagy and autophagosome biogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuqing Lei, Dan Tang, Ga Liao, Liangting Xu, Shiyan Liu, Qianqian Chen, Chunxia Li, Jinsong Duan, Kunjie Wang, Jiawei Wang, Bo Sun, Zhonghan Li, Lunzhi Dai, Wei Cheng, Shiqian Qi, Kefeng Lu
Summary: Autophagy is a critical catabolic pathway in eukaryotic cells, with Atg18 playing a key role in phagophore elongation and Atg9 recycling. The extended 7AB loop of ScAtg18 has been identified as a new binding site for Atg2, crucial for autophagy initiation.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuping Zhao, Hyeong Seok Kim, Xiang Zou, Ling Huang, Xing Liang, Zihong Li, Jong Seung Kim, Weiying Lin
Summary: This study proposed a new strategy to investigate the interaction regulatory mechanisms between endoplasmic reticulum and autophagosomes by developing dual fluorescence lifetime probes localized to these two organelles. The research revealed that motile autophagosomes at the tips of endoplasmic reticulum drive the growth and sliding of ER tubules, ER reticulate tubules form a three-way junction centered on autophagosomes, and ER autophagy serves as a cell damage index during drug-induced apoptosis.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dongmei Liu, Muriel Mari, Xia Li, Fulvio Reggiori, Susan Ferro-Novick, Peter Novick
Summary: This study discovered a process called ER-phagy, which selectively delivers fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum to the lysosome or vacuole in response to starvation or the accumulation of misfolded proteins. The loss of specific genes and proteins blocks the association between the autophagy receptor and the assembly scaffold protein, and a membrane contact site module is also found to be involved in ER-phagy.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suresh Kumar, Ruheena Javed, Michal Mudd, Sandeep Pallikkuth, Keith A. Lidke, Ashish Jain, Karthikeyan Tangavelou, Sigurdur Runar Gudmundsson, Chunyan Ye, Tor Erik Rusten, Jan Haug Anonsen, Alf Hakon Lystad, Aurore Claude-Taupin, Anne Simonsen, Michelle Salemi, Brett Phinney, Jing Li, Lian-Wang Guo, Steven B. Bradfute, Graham S. Timmins, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Vojo Deretic
Summary: The biogenesis of mammalian autophagosomes involves the fusion of FIP200 vesicles with endosomally derived ATG16L1 membranes, forming a hybrid pre-autophagosomal structure called HyPAS. Pharmacological agents can modulate HyPAS formation, while it is inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Vikramjit Lahiri, Shree Padma Metur, Zehan Hu, Xinxin Song, Muriel Mari, Wayne D. Hawkins, Janakraj Bhattarai, Elizabeth Delorme-Axford, Fulvio Reggiori, Daolin Tang, Joern Dengjel, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: This study reveals that subtle changes in nutrient availability can have a significant impact on autophagy flux through unknown post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms affecting the expression of key autophagy-inducing kinase. The identification of two novel post-transcriptional regulators further highlights the complexity of autophagy regulation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Hu, Fulvio Reggiori
Summary: Autophagy is a degradative process in eukaryotes that is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and its defects are associated with various human diseases. The formation of autophagosomes, which sequester and degrade cellular materials, is a hallmark of autophagy. Recent advances in understanding the molecular regulation of autophagosome formation have been made, particularly in yeast and mammalian cells.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Fulvio Reggiori, Maurizio Molinari
Summary: ER-phagy is the process of degrading portions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within lysosomes or vacuoles. It plays a role in recycling cytoplasmic material and organelles, regulating ER size and activity, and removing potentially cytotoxic material. Dysfunctional ER-phagy is associated with specific human diseases and can be targeted by pathogens.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dongmei Liu, Muriel Mari, Xia Li, Fulvio Reggiori, Susan Ferro-Novick, Peter Novick
Summary: This study discovered a process called ER-phagy, which selectively delivers fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum to the lysosome or vacuole in response to starvation or the accumulation of misfolded proteins. The loss of specific genes and proteins blocks the association between the autophagy receptor and the assembly scaffold protein, and a membrane contact site module is also found to be involved in ER-phagy.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Claudia Rio-Berge, Yingying Cong, Fulvio Reggiori
Summary: The cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in various physiological functions within the cell. Viruses can exploit the cytoskeleton by interacting with motor proteins to facilitate their own lifecycle. Understanding these interactions can provide insights into infection mechanisms and potential drug targets.
Article
Cell Biology
Ann De Maziere, Jan van der Beek, Suzanne van Dijk, Cecilia de Heus, Fulvio Reggiori, Masato Koike, Judith Klumperman
Summary: This study presents an optimized procedure for localizing endogenous LC3 at ultrastructural resolution. It provides researchers with a tool to study the canonical and non-canonical roles of LC3 in native conditions.
Article
Cell Biology
Prado Vargas Duarte, Ralph Hardenberg, Muriel Mari, Stefan Walter, Fulvio Reggiori, Florian Froehlich, Ayelen Gonzalez Montoro, Christian Ungermann
Summary: Lysosomes degrade macromolecules for cellular recycling and lysosome-related organelles mediate cell type-specific functions. Loss of the LYST protein leads to defects in lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles, causing Chediak-Higashi syndrome. The molecular function of LYST, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, the function of the yeast LYST homolog, Bph1, was investigated. Bph1 was found to be an endosomal protein and an effector of the minor Rab5 isoform Ypt52. Mutant cells lacking Bph1 showed lipidated Atg8 on their endosomes, which is normally sorted to the vacuole lumen via late endosomes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of LYST-related proteins and associated diseases.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie Kaeser-Pebernard, Christine Vionnet, Muriel Mari, Devanarayanan Siva Sankar, Zehan Hu, Carole Roubaty, Esther Martinez-Martinez, Huiyuan Zhao, Miguel Spuch-Calvar, Alke Petri-Fink, Gregor Rainer, Florian Steinberg, Fulvio Reggiori, Joern Dengjel
Summary: mTORC1, as a master regulator of cell growth, not only inhibits autophagic vesicle formation but also affects Golgi architecture and vesicle secretion by phosphorylating the scaffold protein SCYL1. This study reveals the multiple functions of mTORC1 at the subcellular level, which is important for understanding tumor cell proliferation and the pathogenesis of human genetic diseases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Polyansky, Oren Shatz, Milana Fraiberg, Eyal Shimoni, Tali Dadosh, Muriel Mari, Fulvio M. Reggiori, Chao Qin, Xianlin Han, Zvulun Elazar
Summary: This study investigates the role of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in autophagy using yeast as a model organism. The results show that PC is important for autophagosome formation and that disruption of PC biosynthesis leads to changes in lipid composition and impaired autophagic flux.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mario Mauthe, Harm H. Kampinga, Mark S. Hipp, Fulvio Reggiori
Summary: Aggrephagy is the process of selective lysosomal transport and turnover of cytoplasmic protein aggregates by macro-autophagy. Protein aggregates are polyubiquitinated and sequestered by autophagosomes. Soluble selective autophagy receptors (SARs) play a central role in aggrephagy by physically binding to ubiquitin and the autophagy machinery. Understanding the mechanism of aggrephagy can potentially lead to therapeutic strategies for preventing the buildup of potentially toxic protein aggregates.
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Sabrina Chumpen Ramirez, Ruben Gomez-Sanchez, Pauline Verlhac, Ralph Hardenberg, Eleonora Margheritis, Katia Cosentino, Fulvio Reggiori, Christian Ungermann
Summary: During autophagy, Atg9 plays a critical role in establishing membrane contact sites and promoting lipid transfer. However, a specific mutation in Atg9 can impair autophagy progression by blocking phagophore expansion.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruheena Javed, Ashish Jain, Thabata Duque, Emily Hendrix, Masroor Ahmad Paddar, Sajjad Khan, Aurore Claude-Taupin, Jingyue Jia, Lee Allers, Fulong Wang, Michal Mudd, Graham Timmins, Keith Lidke, Tor Erik Rusten, Prithvi Reddy Akepati, Yi He, Fulvio Reggiori, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Vojo Deretic
Summary: This study reveals that autophagosomal membranes become permeable and fail to mature into autolysosomes in cells lacking principal ATG8 proteins (mATG8s). It further uncovers a previously unknown function of mATG8s in maintaining the sealed state of autophagosomal membranes. The binding of mATG8 proteins GABARAP and LC3A to key ESCRT-I components contributes to the integrity and impermeability of autophagic membranes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henning Arlt, Babu Raman, Yasmina Filali-Mouncef, Yan Hu, Alexandre Leytens, Ralph Hardenberg, Rodrigo Guimaraes, Franziska Kriegenburg, Muriel Mari, Iwona I. Smaczynska-de Rooij, Kathryn R. Ayscough, Christian Ungermann, Joern Dengjel, Fulvio Reggiori
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial cellular process that maintains homeostasis by degrading cellular components. This study reveals that Vps1 mutants affect the subcellular distribution of Atg9 and impair autophagy. The findings provide new insights into the role of dynamins in Atg9 trafficking and their potential contribution to severe human pathologies associated with autophagy defects.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hector Foronda, Yangxue Fu, Adriana Covarrubias-Pinto, Hartmut T. Bocker, Alexis Gonzalez, Eric Seemann, Patricia Franzka, Andrea Bock, Ramachandra M. M. Bhaskara, Lutz Liebmann, Marina E. E. Hoffmann, Istvan Katona, Nicole Koch, Joachim Weis, Ingo Kurth, Joseph G. G. Gleeson, Fulvio Reggiori, Gerhard Hummer, Michael M. M. Kessels, Britta Qualmann, Muriel Mari, Ivan Dikic, Christian A. A. Huebner
Summary: Membrane-shaping proteins containing reticulon homology domains are crucial for dynamic remodelling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). FAM134B is an example of such a protein, which mediates the degradation of ER sheets through a process called selective autophagy (ER-phagy) by binding to LC3 proteins. Mutations in FAM134B result in a neurodegenerative disorder in humans.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudine Kraft, Fulvio Reggiori
Summary: This review discusses three membrane remodeling steps in autophagy: closure of phagophores, maturation of autophagosomes, and fusion with vacuoles/lysosomes. The focus is on the role and contribution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in studying molecular events in autophagy.