Article
Energy & Fuels
Dhinesh Balasubramanian, Anh Tuan Hoang, Inbanaathan Papla Venugopal, Arunprasad Shanmugam, Jianbing Gao, Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian
Summary: With the increasing global concern on diesel engine exhaust emissions, biofuels serve as a better alternative for compression ignition engines, but may lead to increased nitrogen oxide emissions which are harmful to human health. Research found that B20 blend fuel is the most effective in reducing emissions, particularly with a maximum reduction of unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke, and carbon dioxide emissions. Increasing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates can effectively reduce NOx emissions but may result in higher emissions of other pollutants.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mathanraj Vijayaragavan, Balaji Subramanian, S. Sudhakar, L. Natrayan
Summary: This study investigates the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine operating on dual fuel mode with simarouba oil, hydrogen, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The results show that the introduction of hydrogen and EGR can improve the engine efficiency and reduce emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Masoud Karimi, Xiaolin Wang, James Hamilton, Michael Negnevitsky
Summary: Hydrogen-diesel dual fuel technology can improve the performance and reduce carbon emissions of compression ignition engines. This study explores the use of oxygen enrichment to enhance the performance of this technology at partial loads and low loads, and also implements exhaust gas recirculation for NOx emission reduction. The results show significant reductions in emissions and improvements in thermal efficiency when combining oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Laura Aguado-Deblas, Jesus Hidalgo-Carrillo, Felipa M. Bautista, Carlos Luna, Juan Calero, Alejandro Posadillo, Antonio A. Romero, Diego Luna, Rafael Estevez
Summary: The research evaluates the use of dimethyl carbonate as a solvent for vegetable oils to produce biofuels that can replace fossil diesel. Experimental results show that these biofuels can replace up to 40% of fossil diesel, achieving optimal performance and emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Laura Aguado-Deblas, Francisco J. Lopez-Tenllado, Diego Luna, Felipa M. Bautista, Antonio A. Romero, Rafael Estevez
Summary: This research evaluates the performance of two new biofuels composed of second-generation vegetable oils and ABE blend on a diesel engine. The results show that these biofuels can replace a high percentage of diesel without compromising engine power and achieve a significant reduction in pollution emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jacek Hunicz, Maciej Mikulski, Pravesh Chandra Shukla, Michal S. Geca
Summary: The study shows that in partially premixed compression ignition combustion mode, air-path optimized HVO combustion has higher thermal efficiency and lower particulate emissions compared to diesel under high EGR rates and low boost pressures, while also exhibiting lower NOX emissions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meixuan Wu, Ziyu Zhao, Peng Zhang, Mingding Wan, Jilin Lei, Bo Pan, Baoshan Xing
Summary: Research on the emission characteristics of environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) from diesel engines at different working conditions is limited. Lower engine speed and higher altitude are generally associated with higher PM10 emissions with more stable and ordered structures. EPFRs intensity in particles showed no significant change in dark, and over 70% of the EPR signals survived under UV light in a one-month aging simulation, suggesting potential long lasting and widespread risks that should be investigated extensively.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Purushothaman Paneerselvam, Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan, Mebin Samuel Panithasan, Gurusamy Alaganathan, Slawomir Wierzbicki, Maciej Mikulski
Summary: The study evaluates the impact of cetane improvers DEE and DTBP added to a peppermint oil blend on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. Results show that both DEE and DTBP can reduce NOx emissions, with DTBP being more effective in decreasing CO, HC, and smoke emissions. Additionally, the engine performance is reported to be higher for the P20 + DTBP blend.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pritam Dey, Srimanta Ray
Summary: This study proposes a valorization strategy of blending waste vegetable oil (WVO) with diesel and kerosene as an alternative fraction in blend fuels. The blend fuels showed good performance and lower environmental impacts compared to pure diesel. Blending WVO with kerosene resulted in improved engine performance and reduced overall fuel price.
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hanbey Hazar, Remziye Tekdogan, Huseyin Sevinc
Summary: The study utilized the PSA method for oxygen enrichment, using two types of zeolite (AMZ and BMZ) to achieve oxygen enrichment in internal combustion engines through a zeolite filter system. Results showed that using oxygen-enriched air can reduce exhaust emissions and improve performance, while the ANN model exhibited high accuracy in estimating the parameters.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jonas Matijosius, Olga Orynycz, Sergii Kovbasenko, Vitalii Simonenko, Yevheniy Shuba, Valentyn Moroz, Serhiy Gutarevych, Andrzej Wasiak, Karol Tucki
Summary: This study analyzed the possibility of using agricultural biofuels to power a diesel engine, showing an increase in biofuel consumption by 11-16% compared to conventional diesel engines. CO and NOx concentrations were found to be lower with increasing load, while NOx concentrations slightly increased. A decrease in exhaust emissions was observed in all cases investigated.
Article
Thermodynamics
Md. Nurun Nabi, Wisam K. Hussam, Hasan Mohammad Mostofa Afroz, Adib Bin Rashid, Jahidul Islam, A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut
Summary: This study investigated the engine performance and emissions of waste tire oil-diesel-biodiesel blends, finding that the maximum blending limit for waste tire pyrolysis oil was 30% in diesel fuel.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanbey Hazar, Remziye Tekdogan, Huseyin Sevinc
Summary: This experimental study aims to reduce exhaust emissions and improve performance by feeding a diesel engine with oxygen enriched air using natural and synthetic zeolites. The results show that using zeolites can reduce emissions, decrease fuel consumption, and enhance engine performance.
Article
Thermodynamics
Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Shuang Wang, Sivakumar Esakkimuthu
Summary: The study aims to improve efficiency and reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines by using lemongrass biofuel and coating the combustion unit with ceramic layer. This approach resulted in higher engine efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and decreased emissions like smoke, HC, and CO, though NOx levels remained relatively unchanged.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Salih Ozer, Erdinc Vural, Serkan Ozel
Summary: Coated engines are known to improve performance and reduce emissions, but excessive increase in nitrous oxide emissions is considered a downside. Coating materials such as Al2O3 + 13%TiO2 ceramic powders are applied to pistons and valves, and when combined with the addition of fusel oil, can effectively reduce NOx, CO, smoke opacity, and HC emissions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sylvia Y. Edifor, Quoc D. Nguyen, Philip van Eyk, Patrick Biller, Tony Hall, David M. Lewis
Summary: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is highlighted as a suitable process for converting organic-rich waste with high moisture content into a useful resource, where fluid properties of the reacting HTL slurries under subcritical water conditions play a crucial role in material flow and heat transfer during both batch and continuous process systems.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sylvia Y. Edifor, Quoc D. Nguyen, Philip van Eyk, Patrick Biller, David M. Lewis
Summary: This study elucidated the rheological behavior of sewage sludge slurries, finding them to be non-Newtonian fluids with shear thickening characteristics. The Herschel-Bulkley rheological model with yield stress was found to best fit the experimental data.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zahida Aslam, Hu Li, James Hammerton, Gordon Andrews, Andrew Ross, Jon C. Lovett
Summary: This study assesses the energy potential of waste biomass residues in Tanzania for renewable electricity generation using off-grid diesel generators coupled with anaerobic digestion and gasification. The results show that these residues can produce at least 1.2 times the electricity generated nationally in 2018, providing a more affordable and sustainable energy source.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Aisha Matayeva, Stephanie R. Rasmussen, Patrick Biller
Summary: The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of phosphorus (P) rich wastes is a promising technology for recovering P in solid form, especially as fertilizer. However, the bioavailability of P decreased to a low percentage and the heavy metal concentrations exceeded the threshold values for fertilizers. The reclamation of P as struvite was also calculated, and a significant percentage of P can be recovered.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
D. Alexander James, Callan Jennings, Hu Li, M. C. John Plane
Summary: LowCat is a catalytic material that catalyzes CO oxidation and NOx reduction simultaneously, with effectiveness at low temperatures. By transforming the goethite component to hematite, it increases catalytic activity and forms a critical surface-bound oxygen intermediate for NO2 reduction. LowCat demonstrates significant performance under conditions relevant to automotive and diesel combustion systems, particularly in reducing NO2 to N2 at low temperatures.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francis Omotola Olanrewaju, Hu Li, Zahida Aslam, James Hammerton, Jon C. Lovett
Summary: This study investigates the impact of syngas substitution on the heat release rate (HRR) behavior and combustion phasing in a dual fuel engine. The results show that increasing the fraction of syngas leads to higher fuel consumption and increased ignition delay. The study also suggests that the use of diesel-syngas dual fuel has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions in Nigeria.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Aisha Matayeva, Patrick Biller
Summary: Fast fashion trends lead to a large amount of textile waste, which is usually incinerated or landfilled due to a lack of recycling technologies. This study introduces a novel approach called hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) for recycling mixed textiles, producing bio-oil and terephthalic acid. The results show that under certain conditions, high bio-oil and terephthalic acid yields can be achieved, contributing to the development of sustainable recycling processes for mixed textiles.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daisy Thomas, Hu Li, Xin Wang, Karl Ropkins, Alison S. Tomlin, Chris D. Bannister, Gary Hawley
Summary: Particle number (PN) emissions from hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) during engine ignition and re-ignition events are important and vary depending on the drive cycle and engine behavior. The findings of this study emphasize the need to control HEV PN emissions to improve urban air quality and the importance of considering the dynamic properties of the test cycle. Reducing the particle measurement protocol PN cut-off size can significantly improve air quality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Juliano Souza dos Passos, Petr Straka, Milos Auersvald, Patrick Biller
Summary: This study explores the use of liquid hydrocarbons from agricultural wet wastes as a strategy to reduce CO2 emissions. Upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrudes derived from cow manure, wheat straw, and their combined liquefaction (co-HTL) is conducted via catalytic hydrotreatment. The results show that co-HTL biocrudes have more recalcitrant nitrogen-containing molecules, resulting in decreased hydrogen consumption and lower quality of upgraded products. Increasing the hydrotreatment temperature improves the physicochemical properties of upgraded products and increases yields of gasoline and kerosene. The co-HTL approach leads to a higher production of the diesel and bottom residue fractions. This study highlights the potential of utilizing agribusiness waste for HTL processing, contributing to wet waste management and carbon recovery for advanced biofuels.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francis O. Olanrewaju, Gordon E. Andrews, Hu Li, Herodotos N. Phylaktou, Bintu G. Mustafa, Miss H. Mat Kiah
Summary: Sweet sorghum is a crop grown commercially in Nigeria that has high bio-waste energy in its stalk. This study aimed to optimize the gasification of sweet sorghum stalk residue to maximize the yield of combustible gases. The research found that at the optimum conditions, the hot gas efficiency was 81%.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cameron Rout, Hu Li, Valerie Dupont, Zia Wadud
Summary: This study analyzes the cost competitiveness of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles in heavy fleet applications in 2021 and in future scenarios. It suggests that under specific conditions and incentives, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have the potential to compete with battery electric vehicles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
N. Rangel, H. Li, P. Aristidou
Summary: Diesel generators are widely used in microgrid and off-grid systems, especially in rural electrification in developing countries. The sizing and selection techniques are crucial for maximizing cost-effectiveness and minimizing environmental impacts. This paper presents a cost optimization model for diesel/PV/battery microgrids, considering fuel consumption equations and pollutant emissions, to minimize operating costs and environmental impact.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Aisha Matayeva, Astrid Skifter Madsen, Patrick Biller
Summary: There is a need for sustainable recycling technologies for mixed textile waste, including PET and cotton, as well as other fiber types. Hydrothermal liquefaction has shown promise in recycling textile waste containing cotton and PET into bio-oil and TPA. This study investigated the effect of eight different fabrics in ternary mixtures and complex mixtures on the yields of bio-oil and TPA. The presence of high nitrogen content fibers decreased TPA yields due to the formation of terephthalic amides.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Edoardo Tito, Juliano Souza dos Passos, Samir Bensaid, Raffaele Pirone, Patrick Biller
Summary: This study proposes a two-stage hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process for chemical recycling of a two-layer film made of LLDPE-PET. Experimental results showed that a first subcritical stage at 325 degrees C can recover 94% of terephthalic acid (TPA) from the PET fraction as a solid and 47% of ethylene glycol in the aqueous phase. The unconverted PE can then be used as feedstock for a subsequent supercritical HTL stage, achieving mass yields of 47% and 29% in a naphtha-gasoline oil and an alkane-rich gas, respectively.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Scott Wiseman, Christian A. Michelbach, Hu Li, Alison S. Tomlin
Summary: This study focuses on the acid-catalysed alcoholysis of lignocellulosic biomass to produce a customizable biofuel blend. The effects of carbon chain length on the physical properties of the blends were investigated, and predictive models for these properties were developed. The study also examined the impact of blending with diesel on the properties. The findings provide valuable insights for producing biofuel blends that meet existing fuel standards.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
G. Grasa, I. Martinez, R. Murillo
Summary: Gasification kinetics of six chars from residual origin were studied under relatively low temperature, low CO2, and high H2O partial pressures. The Random Pore Model (RPM) showed the best fit to experimental results, but the selection of the reaction model depended on the ash composition, specifically the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Chars with ash content higher than 30% wt. were modeled with the RPM model, while chars with the highest K/Si ratio required modified versions of the RPM to accurately predict reaction rates. Textural properties played a key role in determining reaction parameters, such as the pre-exponential factor and activation energy, for chars with similar ash content and composition.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
V. Godvin Sharmila, Surya Prakash Shanmugavel, J. Rajesh Banu
Summary: Proper treatment and disposal of biomass waste is crucial to prevent environmental deposition and its negative impacts. Biofuel has emerged as a potential alternative to fossil fuels, reducing carbon emissions and meeting global energy demands. This review examines different biomass waste conversion techniques and explores the production of biofuels with zero carbon emissions. Research on anaerobic treatment, metabolic engineering, and artificial intelligence has been conducted to enhance biofuel production efficiency.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Selvakumar Periyasamy, Adane Asefa Adego, P. Senthil Kumar, G. G. Desta, T. Zelalem, V. Karthik, J. Beula Isabel, Mani Jayakumar, Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy, Gayathri Rangasamy
Summary: Valorizing agricultural waste into valuable products is crucial for environmental protection and bioeconomy advancement. Preprocessing of agricultural waste is a critical step to convert free carbohydrate molecules for final conversion, and factors such as biomass nature, feed loading, pH, temperature, and time influence the process. This review provides comprehensive information on agricultural waste availability, preprocessing techniques, and factors influencing performance.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Aqueel Ahmad, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Achhaibar Singh, Dinesh Kumar Singh
Summary: The study focuses on predicting and optimizing the yield of biogas production in an anaerobic digester using co-digestion. Experimental data was used to develop a machine learning-based prognostic model, and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the parameters. The results demonstrate that RSM coupled with machine learning is an effective technique for modeling, predicting, and optimizing biogas production yield.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yijing Zhong, Wenxiang Zhai, Xinli Wei
Summary: This paper studies the thermal stability and decomposition of cork materials with and without silica aerogel filler. The results show that the decomposition is inhibited and the pyrolysis is significantly reduced with the addition of silica aerogel. This finding suggests that silica aerogel-infused cork may be a promising raw material for biofuel production with reduced environmental pollution.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)