Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Gonca Seber, Neus Escobar, Hugo Valin, Robert Malina
Summary: Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a promising option for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation in the short to medium term. This study estimates the GHG emissions of hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) fuels derived from different oils and analyzes the uncertainties. The results show that HEFA fuels can achieve a GHG emissions reduction of 34-65% compared to fossil kerosene when direct land use change (DLUC) emissions are not considered.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Revu Krishna Mohan, Jajimoggala Sarojini, Umit Agbulut, Upendra Rajak, Tikendra Nath Verma, K. Thirupathi Reddy
Summary: The experimental results show that blending waste plastics oil with diesel at low concentrations improves engine combustion, performance, and emissions. However, increasing the concentration of waste plastics oil has a negative impact on engine characteristics. Optimal fuel injection timing enhances engine performance and energy conversion from waste plastics. This study provides a promising solution for waste management by using waste plastics oil as a substitute fuel for diesel engines.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Federico Millo, Theodoros Vlachos, Andrea Piano
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive characterization of diesel Particulate Matter (PM) in terms of various factors, including mass, chemical composition, particles number, size distribution, and mutagenic potential. The study found that different fuel blends in a diesel engine can result in variations in the chemical composition and toxicity of PM. Biofuel blends showed negligible differences in particles number distributions compared to standard diesel, but had an impact on the mutagenic potential of PM samples.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miqdam Chaichan, Mohammed A. Fayad, Amged Al Ezzi, Hayder A. Dhahad, T. Megaritis, Talal Yusaf, Ahmed Al-Amiery, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
Summary: The combustion properties and emission characteristics of engines using rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) were compared. RME combustion showed a higher heat release rate and shorter ignition delay period compared to ULSD combustion. However, RME combustion also resulted in increased HC and NOx formation at high loads. Additionally, the size of emitted particulate matter was smaller for ULSD.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mustafa Vargun, Ahmet Necati Ozsezen, Huseyin Bostali, Cenk Sayin
Summary: This study investigates the effects of injection start timing, pilot injection application, and boost air pressure increase on combustion and exhaust emissions. The results show that using pilot fuel injection and advanced injection timing increases the peak cylinder gas pressure, but also improves combustion noise. Additionally, the combustion reactions of alcohol/diesel fuels occur faster than pure diesel, but this can be reduced with pilot fuel injection application.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ye Liu, Haibo Chen, Ying Li, Jianbing Gao, Kaushali Dave, Junyan Chen, Tiezhu Li, Ran Tu
Summary: This study estimates the impact values of emissions from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and equivalent electric vehicles (EVs) and finds that the particulate matter emissions of equivalent EVs may exceed those of ICEVs, depending on the extent of regenerative braking and road type. The study also suggests that the switch from diesel cars to EVs can reduce overall pollutant emissions, but the switch from petrol cars to EVs may increase pollutant emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
George Petropoulos, John Zafeiropoulos, Eleana Kordouli, Labrini Sygellou, Christos Kordulis, Alexis Lycourghiotis, Kyriakos Bourikas
Summary: Research was conducted on reduced NiMo catalysts supported on titania for the transformation of vegetable oils to green diesel. The catalysts were prepared using the deposition-precipitation method and characterized by various techniques. The optimal catalyst formulation had a synergistic [Ni/(Ni+Mo)] atomic ratio of 0.99 and achieved high conversion yields of 65±2% for various crude oils.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lizhi Wang, Wei Du, Yilin Chen, Wei Wang, Yuanchen Chen, Xi Zhu, Bin Peng, Xiao Yun, Xuechan Li, Huizhong Shen, Guofeng Shen, Junfeng Liu, Xuejun Wang, Shu Tao
Summary: Old, small fishing vessels (OSFVs) in China account for a significant proportion of the fishing fleet. However, due to a lack of measurements, the emissions from these vessels have remained unclear. Our study found that OSFVs have high PM2.5 emissions, potentially making them super-emitters among marine vessels. Prioritizing regulations for these vessels could effectively mitigate PM2.5 pollution in coastal regions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mengzhu Zhang, Yunshan Ge, Jiachen Li, Xin Wang, Jianwei Tan, Lijun Hao, Hongming Xu, Chunxiao Hao, Junfang Wang, Liyun Qian
Summary: This study investigated the VOCs emissions and ozone forming potential (OFP) of China-6 commercial gasoline and E10 match-blend fuels on seven China-6 vehicles, highlighting the effects of ethanol and heavy aromatics on VOCs emissions. Results showed that ethanol led to increased VOCs emissions, OFP, and specific reactivity (SR) values at cold-start/room temperature, but behaved oppositely at cold-start/low temperature. Increases in heavy aromatics consistently resulted in higher VOCs emissions and OFP values.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tugce Demir, Duran Karakas, Serpil Yenisoy-Karakas
Summary: The study discusses the importance of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions in a highway road tunnel and characterizes the specific types and proportions of emissions through chemical analysis and data processing.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yi-Hsiou Tsai, Donyau Chiang, Yu-Ting Li, Tsong-Pyng Perng, Sanboh Lee
Summary: In this study, the properties of sunflower, soybean, olive, and canola oils were examined periodically at different elevated temperatures. It was found that the unsaturated triglyceride in oils reacts significantly with environmental oxygen or water vapor, leading to changes in optical absorbance, viscosity, electrical impedance, and acid value. Olive oil has the lowest rate of color center and dynamic viscosity among the four oils, with the smallest pre-exponential factor and the largest activation energy. The rate constants of the acid reaction in olive oil are the highest among the four oils, with the lowest pre-exponential factor.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Geun-Hye Yu, Myoung-Ki Song, Sea-Ho Oh, Seo-Yeong Choe, Min-Wook Kim, Min-Suk Bae
Summary: Stringent regulations have been implemented to address vehicle exhaust emissions and mitigate air pollution. However, concerns have been raised about the generation and release of additional pollutants, such as NH3, due to the use of exhaust gas reduction devices. This study investigated the characteristics of exhaust pollutants across different vehicle fuel types and found significant variations in emission levels depending on factors such as engine technology, emissions control strategies, fuel type, and test cycle. Gasoline vehicles showed the highest NH3 emissions, while diesel vehicles emitted negligible amounts. EURO4 vehicles also demonstrated higher emission levels of OC and EC compared with other fuel types. This study's findings contribute to identifying emission sources by discerning the primary components emitted by specific fuel types.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tommaso Selleri, Anastasios D. Melas, Jacopo Franzetti, Christian Ferrarese, Barouch Giechaskiel, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa
Summary: Road transport is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The popularity of electrified vehicles, including battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, is rapidly increasing in order to meet decarbonisation targets in Europe. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have the potential to reduce both gaseous pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. However, research has shown that the emissions from some plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, particularly when the internal combustion engine is used, are comparable to or even higher than those from conventional vehicles.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hendrick Maxil Zarate Rocha, Manoel Fernandes Martins Nogueira, Danielle Regina da Silva Guerra, Juan Jose Hernandez, Larissa Santos Queiroz
Summary: This study investigates the effects of hydrogen addition on the performance and combustion process of a diesel generator set running on blends of vegetable oil in biodiesel-diesel mixture. Results showed improved engine performance, reduced fuel consumption, decreased emissions concentration with higher hydrogen addition, but increased nitrogen oxides emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Laura Aguado-Deblas, Francisco J. Lopez-Tenllado, Diego Luna, Felipa M. Bautista, Antonio A. Romero, Rafael Estevez
Summary: This research evaluates the performance of two new biofuels composed of second-generation vegetable oils and ABE blend on a diesel engine. The results show that these biofuels can replace a high percentage of diesel without compromising engine power and achieve a significant reduction in pollution emissions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Susana Gil-Sayas, Dimitrios Komnos, Chiara Lodi, Davide Curro, Simone Serra, Alberto Broatch, Georgios Fontaras
Summary: The study examines the potential of the CO2MPAS simulator to assess the benefits of innovative vehicle technologies in reducing CO2 emissions. The results show that the simulated CO2 savings are comparable to those calculated using the existing method, indicating the simulator's effectiveness in accurately evaluating the benefits of more complex technologies.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Christian Thiel, Ana Gracia Amillo, Alessandro Tansini, Anastasios Tsakalidis, Georgios Fontaras, Ewan Dunlop, Nigel Taylor, Arnulf Jager-Waldau, Kenji Araki, Kensuke Nishioka, Yasuyuki Ota, Masafumi Yamaguchi
Summary: This study assesses the energy implications of integrated photovoltaics in different climatic regions and usage scenarios for electric vehicles. The results show that solar power generated can cover a significant proportion of the driving range, with variations between different climates. Consumer labels for solar electric vehicles considering these variations are proposed.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Barouch Giechaskiel, Fabrizio Forloni, Massimo Carriero, Gianmarco Baldini, Paolo Castellano, Robin Vermeulen, Dimitrios Kontses, Pavlos Fragkiadoulakis, Zissis Samaras, Georgios Fontaras
Summary: Illegal manipulation of vehicles leads to significant increase in emissions, particularly in terms of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle numbers. Tampering with the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and NOx sensor can cause emissions to exceed regulations and reach old or even pre-Euro levels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Athanasios Dimaratos, Barouch Giechaskiel, Michael Clairotte, Georgios Fontaras
Summary: This study assessed the impact of active diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration on the performance and emissions of Euro 5 and 6 vehicles. The results showed a significant effect of DPF regeneration on CO2, NOx, and PN emissions, especially during driving cycle testing in the laboratory. Additionally, the study calculated the impact of regeneration on efficiency and proposed new NOx emission factors (EF) based on the emission control system.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alessandro Tansini, Jelica Pavlovic, Georgios Fontaras
Summary: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are considered favorable transitional technology for road transport electrification. However, recent studies challenge their effectiveness in reducing CO2 emissions in real-world conditions. This study tested four Euro 6 PHEVs and found that their in-use CO2 emissions can range from 0 to 6 times the official type-approval CO2 value. A three-dimensional CO2 emissions model is proposed based on charge level and average trip speed or wheel energy. The study concludes that, although real-world emissions of PHEVs may increase compared to official values, they still generally remain lower than conventional powertrains.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Piroska Haller, Bela Genge, Fabrizio Forloni, Gianmarco Baldini, Massimo Carriero, Georgios Fontaras
Summary: This paper proposes VetaDetect, a comprehensive methodology for the detection of vehicle tampering. By fusing multiple models and evidence theory, VetaDetect is able to detect real-world and intelligent tampering. Experimental results show that VetaDetect has higher accuracy and lower computational intensity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nikolaos Aletras, Stylianos Doulgeris, Zissis Samaras, Leonidas Ntziachristos
Summary: The study compares alternative on-board energy management system (EMS) supervisory control algorithms for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) algorithm leads to lower fuel consumption than the back-engineered commercial rule-based (RB) algorithm in most driving conditions. The difference maximizes at low average speeds (<40 km/h), where the RB algorithm results in more frequent low load engine operation. The ECMS algorithm also demonstrates superior adaptability to different driving cycles.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ilias Vouitsis, Jose Portugal, Anastasios Kontses, Hanna L. Karlsson, Melissa Faria, Karine Elihn, Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio, Fulvio Amato, Benjamin Pina, Zisis Samaras
Summary: Nanoparticle emissions from transport are a major concern due to their high concentration and potential health risks. This paper reviews the different aerosol modes produced by various transport sources, such as road, shipping, aviation, and rail, and investigates their toxicity effects. It concludes that transport sources emit a large number of nanoparticles that can damage the respiratory tract, lungs, and other organs, leading to systemic toxicity.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nikiforos Zacharof, Orkun Ozener, Stijn Broekaert, Muammer Ozkan, Zissis Samaras, Georgios Fontaras
Summary: Efforts to reduce CO2 emissions from road transport have primarily focused on passenger cars, but there is now a shift in attention towards heavy-duty vehicles, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions despite their low percentage in the sector. This study investigated the impact of environmental conditions and passenger occupancy on auxiliary usage and CO2 emissions in a bus. Measurements were conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, and vehicle simulation models were developed. The findings revealed variations in auxiliary use and the potential for increased CO2 emissions under different conditions, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alessandro Tansini, Georgios Fontaras, Federico Millo
Summary: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are considered as a significant solution for reducing CO2 emissions in Europe's transportation sector. This paper presents a new simulation approach to accurately estimate the CO2 emissions from different hybrid architectures and electrification degrees. The approach determines the optimal power split between the propulsion energy converters based on three evaluation levels and utilizes the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). The results show a high level of accuracy, supporting the evaluation of hybrid powertrain solutions and regulatory efforts.
Article
Thermodynamics
Dimitrios Komnos, Stijn Broekaert, Nikiforos Zacharof, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Georgios Fontaras
Summary: Tyre rolling resistance and air drag significantly affect road-vehicle fuel and energy consumption. This study proposes a new on-road method for determining vehicle resistances based on wheel torque data, which allows for less expensive and more versatile testing. Experimental evaluations showed accurate estimates of real-world fuel consumption using the calculated resistance coefficients.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nikolaos Aletras, Stijn Broekaert, Evangelos Bitsanis, Georgios Fontaras, Zissis Samaras, Leonidas Ntziachristos
Summary: This paper examines the potential fuel consumption savings of implementing a predictive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy in the energy management system of hybrid heavy-duty vehicles. Results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce fuel consumption and save CO2 emissions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
G. Grasa, I. Martinez, R. Murillo
Summary: Gasification kinetics of six chars from residual origin were studied under relatively low temperature, low CO2, and high H2O partial pressures. The Random Pore Model (RPM) showed the best fit to experimental results, but the selection of the reaction model depended on the ash composition, specifically the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Chars with ash content higher than 30% wt. were modeled with the RPM model, while chars with the highest K/Si ratio required modified versions of the RPM to accurately predict reaction rates. Textural properties played a key role in determining reaction parameters, such as the pre-exponential factor and activation energy, for chars with similar ash content and composition.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
V. Godvin Sharmila, Surya Prakash Shanmugavel, J. Rajesh Banu
Summary: Proper treatment and disposal of biomass waste is crucial to prevent environmental deposition and its negative impacts. Biofuel has emerged as a potential alternative to fossil fuels, reducing carbon emissions and meeting global energy demands. This review examines different biomass waste conversion techniques and explores the production of biofuels with zero carbon emissions. Research on anaerobic treatment, metabolic engineering, and artificial intelligence has been conducted to enhance biofuel production efficiency.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Selvakumar Periyasamy, Adane Asefa Adego, P. Senthil Kumar, G. G. Desta, T. Zelalem, V. Karthik, J. Beula Isabel, Mani Jayakumar, Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy, Gayathri Rangasamy
Summary: Valorizing agricultural waste into valuable products is crucial for environmental protection and bioeconomy advancement. Preprocessing of agricultural waste is a critical step to convert free carbohydrate molecules for final conversion, and factors such as biomass nature, feed loading, pH, temperature, and time influence the process. This review provides comprehensive information on agricultural waste availability, preprocessing techniques, and factors influencing performance.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Aqueel Ahmad, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Achhaibar Singh, Dinesh Kumar Singh
Summary: The study focuses on predicting and optimizing the yield of biogas production in an anaerobic digester using co-digestion. Experimental data was used to develop a machine learning-based prognostic model, and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the parameters. The results demonstrate that RSM coupled with machine learning is an effective technique for modeling, predicting, and optimizing biogas production yield.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yijing Zhong, Wenxiang Zhai, Xinli Wei
Summary: This paper studies the thermal stability and decomposition of cork materials with and without silica aerogel filler. The results show that the decomposition is inhibited and the pyrolysis is significantly reduced with the addition of silica aerogel. This finding suggests that silica aerogel-infused cork may be a promising raw material for biofuel production with reduced environmental pollution.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
