Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyo-Sun You, Jae-woo Lee, Ye-seul Kim, Yonghwan Kim, Hyeong-Cheol Lee, Jin Young Hwang, Woojung Yang, Hee-Taik Kang
Summary: The study found a significant association between second-hand smoke exposure and elevated urine NNAL levels in Korean adolescents, especially in female adolescents and those exposed to SHS at home.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jun Chen, Xianyang Zhang
Summary: Due to the sparsity and high dimensionality, microbiome data are often summarized into pairwise distances to capture compositional differences and gain biological insights through analyzing the distance matrix in relation to covariates. This study extends the traditional intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to distance measures, proposing a distance-based ICC (dICC) and demonstrating its effectiveness through the application of experimental data.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Noel J. Aquilina, Christopher M. Havel, Roy M. Harrison, Kin-Fai Ho, Neal L. Benowitz, Peyton Jacob
Summary: NNK is a potent lung carcinogen formed from nitrosation of nicotine, expected to primarily exist in the particle-phase and be stable in particulate matter. Tests showed a bisulfate-treated filter is more efficient at collecting nicotine and NNK, with NNK behaving linearly with airborne particle + gas phase nicotine. Seasonal analysis revealed higher NNK load in PM10 during winter due to long-range transport over densely populated areas. Contamination of particulate matter with NNK was observed at all sites, highlighting the risk of chronic exposure through inhalation.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jane Whelan, Helen Marshall, Thomas R. Sullivan
Summary: Cluster randomized trials (cRCT) play a crucial role in assessing vaccine effectiveness by considering indirect effects of vaccination. This study investigated the impact of shared behaviors and characteristics on the ICC in a school-based cRCT evaluating the effectiveness of a meningococcal B vaccine. The findings suggest that adjusting for social behaviors and personal characteristics can significantly reduce the ICC for disease carriage.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Ali H. Alharbi
Summary: This study investigated the interaction of cigarette smoke carcinogens with enzymes related to the central nervous system, revealing their ability to alter the normal biomolecular mechanism of CNS. The computational study results provide insights for further wet laboratory experiments to understand the effects of cigarette smoke carcinogens on human CNS.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Cindy Xue, Jing Yuan, Gladys G. Lo, Amy T. Y. Chang, Darren M. C. Poon, Oi Lei Wong, Yihang Zhou, Winnie C. W. Chu
Summary: Radiomics research has been rapidly growing in recent years, with concerns on reliability raised. This systematic review focused on the use of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as a reliability metric in radiomics studies. The review found that while feature reliability to image segmentation is extensively studied, image acquisition introduces more variability than image segmentation, particularly in MRI studies.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ariane M. Mbekwe Yepnang, Agnes Caille, Sandra M. Eldridge, Bruno Giraudeau
Summary: In cluster randomised trials, reporting the measure of intracluster correlation for each primary outcome is important for calculating sample size and interpreting trial results in future studies. The intracluster correlation, especially for binary outcomes, is affected by the prevalence of the outcome, which raises concerns about its use in different prevalence settings. Various measures like variance partition coefficient and tetrachoric correlation coefficient have been proposed for clustered binary data settings to address this issue.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Dana Mowls Carroll, Katelyn Tessier, Xianghua Luo, Irina S. Stepanov, Peter G. Shields, Richard O'Connor, Vaughan W. Rees, Michael Cummings, Warren Bickel, Dorothy Hatsukami
Summary: Regulation of filter ventilation (FV) has been proposed to reduce misperceptions that ventilation reduces the health risks of smoking. We aimed to investigate smoking behavior and exposure after switching to a cigarette brand variant (CBV) with a different FV level. The results suggest that switching to CBV with lower FV does not appear to increase exposure and may even reduce exposure for some. Additional investigations are recommended to confirm these descriptive findings.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jean Claude Dusingize, Matthew H. Law, Mathias Seviiri, Catherine M. Olsen, Nirmala Pandeya, Maria Teresa Landi, Mark M. Iles, Rachel E. Neale, Jue-Sheng Ong, Stuart Macgregor, David C. Whiteman
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate the association between smoking and skin cancer risk. The results indicated that a genetic predisposition to smoking was associated with a lower risk of all skin cancer types, although the effect estimates were not statistically significant. The only exception was smoking intensity, which was significantly associated with a reduced risk of melanoma.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yan Ding, Ruilin Hou, Jianqiang Yu, Chengguo Xing, Chunlin Zhuang, Zhuo Qu
Summary: Lung cancer, the second most common cancer globally, is strongly linked to cigarette smoking. Carcinogens found in cigarettes, such as Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK), have been proven to be correlated with lung cancer. Epidemiology analysis suggests that lung cancer can be prevented through dietary adjustments. This review summarizes studies published in the past 20 years on dietary phytochemicals and their potential in lung cancer prevention, emphasizing the need for future research and the promising outcomes of using dietary phytochemicals for cancer prevention.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lucien Bovet, Prisca Campanoni, Jian Lu, Aurore Hilfiker, Samuel Kleinhans, Helene Laparra, Joanne Schwaar, Ramsey S. Lewis, Yuki Matsuba, Hong Ma, Ralph E. Dewey, Simon Goepfert
Summary: This study found that suppressing expression or knocking-out the CLCNt2 gene can directly impact the reduction of leaf nitrate and TSNAs, without altering biomass. This provides a possibility for breeding new commercial tobacco varieties with reduced TSNA levels.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuxin Li, Lei Tian, Li-Li Guo, Yiran Hao, Ying Jie
Summary: This study evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of 36 DCR parameters and bIOP parameters derived from Corvis ST in healthy eyes, and investigated their relationship with demographic and ocular characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Qi Hu, Pramod Upadhyaya, Stephen S. Hecht, F. Zahra Aly, Zhiguang Huo, Chengguo Xing
Summary: The study demonstrates strong positive linear correlations of NNK-induced adductomics in A/J mouse biospecimens, showing potential for predicting lung carcinogenesis risk. Utilizing peripheral adductomics may enhance the accuracy and feasibility of lung cancer risk prediction.
Article
Oncology
Damien J. McHugh, Nuria Porta, Ross A. Little, Susan Cheung, Yvonne Watson, Geoff J. M. Parker, Gordon C. Jayson, James P. B. O'Connor
Summary: This study evaluates the repeatability of radiomic features from different MR sequences in predicting therapy response in oncology patients. It highlights the impact of scan acquisition parameters and the use of contrast agents on radiomic feature repeatability. The findings emphasize the importance of evaluating feature-specific repeatability and choosing appropriate metrics in specific studies for robust biomarker selection.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kristin J. Konnyu, Monica Taljaard, Noah M. Ivers, David Moher, Jeremy M. Grimshaw
Summary: This study investigated the use of posterior predictive distributions to impute missing ICCs in cluster randomized trials for meta-analysis, demonstrating the importance of accounting for ICC variation and uncertainty. The results of the study showed that this approach can facilitate principled meta-analyses and may improve review inferences for different reviews based on various factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Navneet Kaur Baidwan, Susan Goodwin Gerberich, Hyun Kim, Andrew D. Ryan, Timothy Church, Benjamin Capistrant
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna E. Prizment, Christopher Staley, Guillaume C. Onyeaghala, Sithara Vivek, Bharat Thyagarajan, Robert J. Straka, Ryan T. Demmer, Dan Knights, Katie A. Meyer, Aasma Shaukat, Michael J. Sadowsky, Timothy R. Church
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Elizabeth T. H. Fontham, Andrew M. D. Wolf, Timothy R. Church, Ruth Etzioni, Christopher R. Flowers, Abbe Herzig, Carmen E. Guerra, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Louise C. Walter, Jane J. Kim, Kimberly S. Andrews, Carol E. DeSantis, Stacey A. Fedewa, Deana Manassaram-Baptiste, Debbie Saslow, Richard C. Wender, Robert A. Smith
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, Lasse Kaalby, Gunnar Baatrup, Ole Kronborg, Sue Duval, Michael Shyne, Jack S. Mandel, Timothy R. Church
Summary: The study found that individuals who comply with biennial FOBT screening can significantly reduce CRC-specific mortality and all-cause mortality in the long term. The reduction in CRC mortality is greater in men than women, with women lagging behind in benefits by about 10 years.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, Timothy Church
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mosunmoluwa Oyenuga, Robert A. Vierkant, Charles F. Lynch, Thomas Pengo, Lori S. Tillmans, James R. Cerhan, Timothy R. Church, DeAnn Lazovich, Kristin E. Anderson, Paul J. Limburg, Anna E. Prizment
Summary: This study investigated the association between CD3+ T-cells in tumor and histologically normal tissues with survival rates in CRC patients. The results showed that higher CD3+ scores were associated with lower CRC-specific and all-cause mortality.
MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, Michael Shyne, Jack S. Mandel, Dale Snover, Timothy R. Church
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, Timothy R. Church, Jack S. Mandel
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Adam Schwartz, Susan Goodwin Gerberich, Thomas Albin, Hyun Kim, Andrew D. Ryan, Timothy R. Church, Deirdre R. Green, Patricia M. McGovern, Arthur G. Erdman, Rony F. Arauz
Summary: A study found that job satisfaction and physical fitness were negatively associated with the risk of injury among janitors, while mental workload was positively associated with an increased risk of injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, Douglas K. Rex, Michael Shyne, Timothy R. Church, David G. Perdue
Article
Oncology
Uri Ladabaum, Timothy R. Church, Ziding Feng, David F. Ransohoff, Robert E. Schoen
Summary: The study compares the outcomes of different blood-based biomarker tests for CRC and calls for CMS to reconsider its definition of threshold specificity for CRC screening biomarkers.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, David R. Lichtenstein, Samuel C. Somers, Daniel C. Chung, David G. Perdue, Murali Gopal, Daniel R. Colucci, Sloane A. Phillips, Nicholas A. Marka, Timothy R. Church, William R. Brugge
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical benefit and safety of using a computer-aided detection (CADe) device in colonoscopy procedures. The results showed that the use of CADe device significantly increased adenoma detection rate without increasing the resection of non-neoplastic lesions.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, Timothy R. Church
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gillian A. M. Tarr, Keeley J. Morris, Alyson B. Harding, Samuel Jacobs, M. Kumi Smith, Timothy R. Church, Jesse D. Berman, Austin Rau, Sato Ashida, Marizen R. Ramirez
Summary: The study aimed to identify cognitive factors and resilience constructs that could improve adherence to physical distancing even when full compliance is not possible. The findings suggest that perceived severity, benefits, self-efficacy, and barriers are associated with adherence to physical distancing, but the effects vary depending on the population.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shuo Wang, Adam S. Kim, Timothy R. Church, David G. Perdue, Aasma Shaukat
ENDOSCOPY INTERNATIONAL OPEN
(2020)
