Article
Substance Abuse
Parisa Kaviany, James Paul Senter, Joseph Michael Collaco, Anne E. Corrigan, Emily Brigham, Megan Wood, Han Woo, Chen Liu, Rachelle Koehl, Panagis Galiatsatos, Kirsten Koehler, Nadia Hansel, Meredith McCormack
Summary: This study found that increased tobacco outlet density is associated with higher levels of bedroom air nicotine and serum cotinine, and increasing levels of secondhand smoke exposure are associated with less controlled childhood asthma.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Georg E. Matt, Ashley L. Merianos, Lara Stone, Chase Wullenweber, Penelope J. E. Quintana, Eunha Hoh, Nathan G. Dodder, Nicolas Lopez Galvez, E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
Summary: This study found that hand nicotine levels provide additional insights into children's exposure to tobacco smoke pollutants than reported child TSE and urinary biomarkers. Changes in hand nicotine levels show that consistent home smoking bans in homes of children of smokers can lower THS exposure. Hand nicotine levels may be influenced by the environmental settings in which they are collected.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hipolito Perez-Martin, Cristina Lidon-Moyano, Adrian Gonzalez-Marron, Marcela Fu, Raul Perez-Ortuno, Montse Ballbe, Juan Carlos Martin-Sanchez, Jose A. Pascual, Esteve Fernandez, Jose M. Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study analyzed data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study to investigate the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users with and without nicotine, and nonusers. The findings showed that exclusive users of e-cigarettes without nicotine had the lowest nicotine metabolic rate, while cigarette smokers had the highest. Nonusers had a lower nicotine metabolic rate compared to cigarette smokers. Additionally, younger individuals and those with lower body mass index had higher nicotine metabolic rates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Hung Chan, Ching-Huang Lai, Shu-Jia Huang, Chung-Chi Huang, Chung-Yu Lai, Yi-Chun Liu, Shiang-Huei Jiang, Shan-Ru Li, Ya-Mei Tzeng, Senyeong Kao, Yu-Tien Chang, Chia-Chao Wu, Chao-Yin Kuo, Kuang-Chen Hung, Yu-Lung Chiu
Summary: This study evaluated smoking rates in the military through questionnaire surveying and verified self-reported smoking behavior using urine cotinine concentration testing. It also analyzed the impact of second-hand smoking on urine cotinine concentrations. The results showed an overall underestimation of 7.0% in self-reported smoking behavior, highlighting the need for routine biochemical testing for accurate assessment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Zhixin Fan, Xiayu Gong, Hanfang Xu, Hanzhang Wang, Ningxi Zeng, Ling Li, Can Yan, Lili Wu, Yuan Chen
Summary: This study found that there is a stronger association between tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and depressive symptoms in women compared to men. Active TSE was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in women, while passive TSE was not. Self-reported health status was found to modify the relationship between passive TSE and depressive symptoms in women. Additionally, a dose-response relationship between serum cotinine and depressive symptoms was observed in women but not in men.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana-Maria Vlasceanu, Daniela Gradinaru, Miriana Stan, Viorela G. Nitescu, Daniela Luiza Baconi
Summary: This study examined the relationship between serum cotinine levels and oxidative stress in 76 adult patients. The results showed an inverse association between tobacco smoke exposure and glutathione levels, suggesting that exposure to smoke particulate components can deplete systemic glutathione. Interestingly, active smokers had higher glutathione levels but lower levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), while passive smokers showed a decrease in AOPP levels with an increase in glutathione levels. This suggests that inhalation of smoke particulate constituents can disrupt redox homeostasis and impair the antioxidant role of glutathione.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jeonghoon Kim, In-Keun Shim, Soo Ran Won, Jungmin Ryu, Jongchun Lee, Hyen-Mi Chung
Summary: The study observed that urinary cotinine concentration in Korean non-smoking adults living in smoking homes was higher compared to those in smoke-free homes. Factors such as ventilation duration, indoor activities, outdoor activities, and occupation were associated with urinary cotinine concentration in smoke-free homes. Further research is needed to investigate potential sources of tobacco smoke pollution in smoke-free homes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Ashley L. Merianos, Lara Stone, Chase A. Wullenweber, Penelope J. E. Quintana, Eunha Hoh, Nathan G. Dodder, Nicolas Lopez-Galvez, Georg E. Matt
Summary: This study compared the levels of hand nicotine and urinary tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarkers, and investigated the association between hand nicotine and children's exposure to active smoking. The results showed that hand nicotine and cotinine had the strongest overall associations, and only cotinine showed significantly higher levels among Black children. Hand nicotine levels were associated with modifiable tobacco-related behaviors and could serve as a marker of sources of THS pollution in a child's environment that are not captured by measurement of urinary cotinine alone.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andrea L. Hobkirk, Vishal Midya, Nicolle M. Krebs, Sophia I. Allen, Lisa Reinhart, Dongxiao Sun, Andrea L. Stennett, Joshua E. Muscat
Summary: The study investigated the intraindividual variability in nicotine exposure among non-daily smokers and found that menthol flavor and smoking time were related to cotinine levels, highlighting the role of smoking context in nicotine exposure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Romina H. Aspera-Werz, Jonas Mueck, Caren Linnemann, Moritz Herbst, Christoph Ihle, Tina Histing, Andreas K. Nussler, Sabrina Ehnert
Summary: Smoking affects wound healing and increases the risk of tissue infections and sepsis after trauma and orthopedic surgery. Increased expression of PADI4 may be a potential mechanism underlying these complications. Nicotine and cotinine may induce neutrophil extracellular trap formation, exacerbating the occurrence of complications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jehan Hamadneh, Shereen Hamadneh
Summary: This study compared pregnant women's exposure and perceptions of second-hand smoke (SHS) before and after an intervention. The intervention included motivation, communication, education, and counseling through various media channels. Findings showed that there was a significant increase in knowledge and awareness regarding SHS and its effects on pregnancy outcomes after the intervention. Additionally, the percentage of pregnant women who supported a comprehensive smoking policy and those who avoided second-hand smoke increased after the intervention. Cotinine levels also decreased in the majority of cases after the intervention.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hiroyuki Hirai, Shiki Okamoto, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Tsuyoshi Murata, Yuka Ogata, Akiko Sato, Sayaka Horiuchi, Ryoji Shinohara, Kosei Shinoki, Hidekazu Nishigori, Keiya Fujimori, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Seiji Yasumura, Koichi Hashimoto, Zentaro Yamagata, Michio Shimabukuro, ECS Grp
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between urinary cotinine (UC) concentration and smoking questionnaire (SQ) classes in pregnant mothers and the trajectory of infant BMI. The results showed that infants from high UC mothers had a low BMI at birth, but it increased from six to 36 months of age. UC concentrations, but not smoking questionnaire classes, were found to predict infant BMI trajectory, suggesting that active and second-hand smoking affect child obesity in a dose-dependent manner.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Substance Abuse
Anna Podlasek, Ravinder Claire, Katarzyna A. Campbell, Sophie Orton, Ross Thomson, Tim Coleman
Summary: This study found that concurrent smoking and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use leads to lighter smoking, lower nicotine body fluid levels, and lower exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations. When NRT is used before quitting, there is a significant reduction in exhaled carbon monoxide levels. There is no evidence to support the idea that concurrent smoking and NRT use increase nicotine exposure.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paulo Roberto Xavier Tomaz, Thuane Sales Goncalves, Juliana Rocha Santos, Jaqueline Scholz, Tania Ogawa Abe, Patricia Viviane Gaya, Eduardo Costa Figueiredo, Henrique Dipe de Faria, Isarita Martins, Ana Miguel Fonseca Pego, Beatriz Aparecida Bismara, Mauricio Yonamine, Alexandre Costa Pereira, Paulo Caleb Lima Santos Junior
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the application of nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) in Brazilian smoking patients and analyze its association with smoking characteristics. The findings contribute to the development of personalized smoking cessation treatments and improvement of success rates.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Georg E. Matt, Matthew J. Mazzella, John T. Doucette, Parita Ratnani, Ashley L. Merianos
Summary: This study examined the associations between inflammatory markers and pediatric illnesses related to children's exposure to tobacco smoke. The results showed that parent-reported child tobacco smoke exposure was associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in children, while children with bacterial diagnoses had higher levels of IL-8.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: This study analyzed data from NHANES for US adults aged 20 years and above to estimate cotinine levels among different groups of smokers. Results showed that males had higher cotinine levels in certain groups than females, and non-Hispanic black smokers had higher levels compared to non-Hispanic whites. Additionally, estimations were made for self-reported nonsmokers classified as smokers and smokers with missing self-reported data on tobacco product use.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: Analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for US adults aged 20 years and older between 2005 and 2016 showed variations in concentrations of arsenobetaine, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsenic acid, and total arsenic in urine across different stages of renal function. Differences were observed in concentrations based on gender and racial/ethnic groups, with levels decreasing over the survey years.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: The study found that glomerular hyperfiltration has a significant impact on the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids, with hyperfiltrators generally having lower adjusted geometric means compared to normal filtrators across various disease groups. Male-female differences in adjusted geometric means were usually narrower for normal filtrators, and the disease group with hypertension only had the highest adjusted geometric means for every perfluoroalkyl acid. Additionally, among hyperfiltrators, the group with anemia only had the lowest adjusted geometric means for every perfluoroalkyl acid compared to other disease groups.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain, Alan Ducatman
Summary: This study found a positive association between PFAS exposure and Apo B, especially in non-diabetic individuals not taking lipid lowering medications. Diabetic individuals showed a greater impact of lipid lowering medications on Apo B compared to non-diabetic populations. Further research is needed to replicate these findings in other populations and to explore mechanistic studies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: The study revealed a negative association between blood cadmium concentrations and certain PFAAs, a positive association between blood lead concentrations and most PFAAs, and a positive association between blood total mercury concentrations and all PFAAs.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: This study found higher cotinine concentrations in males than females for children, adolescent smokers, and nonsmoker adults. Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower concentrations of both cotinine and hydroxycotinine than non-Hispanic Whites for adult smokers, and the ratio of hydroxycotinine concentrations for those exposed to ETS at home compared to those not exposed was different for nonsmoker adults and adult smokers.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: The study evaluated the variations in concentrations of selected monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine across different stages of glomerular function, finding differences in how the kidneys process PAH metabolites among smokers and nonsmokers.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: The study analyzed data from 639 US children aged 3-11 years and found significant associations between PFAAs and blood lead and mercury levels, suggesting potential co-exposure to PFAAs and lead/mercury may lead to more severe neurodevelopmental deficits. Additional research is needed to further investigate the additive/synergistic neurodevelopmental deficits associated with co-exposures to PFAAs and lead/mercury.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: Exposure to cadmium and lead can cause oxidative stress and result in kidney and cardiovascular diseases. The antiaging protein klotho acts as an antioxidant. This study found that the concentrations of klotho were affected by cadmium and lead exposure, with an observed decrease in klotho concentrations during kidney dysfunction, particularly with blood cadmium concentrations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain, Alan Ducatman
Summary: This study examined the associations between blood manganese and selenium with serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Among adults, blood manganese concentrations were inversely associated with serum concentrations of several PFAS, while blood selenium concentrations were positively associated with PFAS in adults and adolescents.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: This study analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate gender and racial/ethnic differences in PFHpS concentrations among US adults. The study found that males had significantly higher concentrations of PFHpS than females, and PFHpS concentrations followed an inverted U-shaped curve across different stages of kidney function.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain, Alan Ducatman
Summary: This study used nationally representative data for US from 2003 to 2018 to analyze the gender-based differences in serum concentrations of PFAS. The results showed that females had lower serum PFAS levels than males at certain age ranges, and the differences were maximized at different ages for different compounds. The findings suggest the importance of separate analyses of male and female data, as well as stratified analysis for different time periods in females. The study also provides support for further research on the influences of gender differences in serum PFAS.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to explore the relationships between certain fluorinated carbon compounds and urinary concentrations of arsenic. The results showed positive associations between PFNA and all four arsenic variables, with statistical significance observed only for IAS. PFDA and PFUnDA were positively associated with urinary arsenic, while Me-PFOSA with PFAS showed inverse associations, with significance observed only for UDMA. PFOA, PFHxS, and PFOS generally exhibited negative associations with arsenic, but without statistical significance. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of co-exposure to PFAS and arsenic on health, with fluorinated carbon chain length potentially playing a role in defining these associations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: The associations between urinary concentrations of oxidant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and serum concentrations of anti-oxidant alpha-klotho were examined in US adults aged 40-79 years. The study found that increased PAH metabolite concentrations were associated with decreased alpha-klotho concentrations in individuals with normal or near normal kidney function. However, the associations were not significant in individuals with albuminuria. These findings suggest that exposure to PAH may lead to reduced alpha-klotho concentrations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram B. Jain
Summary: This study estimated the associations between urinary concentrations of oxidant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and serum concentrations of anti-oxidant alpha-klotho in US adults aged 40-79 years. The results showed that increased levels of certain PAH metabolites were associated with decreased serum alpha-klotho concentrations, especially in individuals without albuminuria and normal or near normal kidney function.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)