Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tam M. Huynh, Anjana Silva, Geoffrey K. Isbister, Wayne C. Hodgson
Summary: This study identified and characterized short-chain and long-chain postsynaptic neurotoxins in the venom of the Indian Cobra. It was observed that antivenom could reverse the neurotoxicity of the long-chain neurotoxin, but not the short-chain neurotoxin.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Muralidharan Vanuopadath, Dileepkumar Raveendran, Bipin Gopalakrishnan Nair, Sudarslal Sadasivan Nair
Summary: This study extensively characterized the venom proteome of the Naja naja snake from the Western Ghats region in Kerala, India. Several new protein families were identified, and the importance of homology-driven approaches in improving protein sequence information was highlighted. The evaluation of different antivenoms revealed variations in their efficiency and specificity, emphasizing the need for more efficient antivenoms, especially for low molecular mass proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seyedeh Narjes Sadat, Kamran Pooshang Bagheri, Hosein Maghsoudi, Delavar Shahbazzadeh
Summary: Colon cancer is a significant cause of mortality with high prevalence and poor prognosis. Snake venom, a complex mixture of proteins and peptides, has been found to have practical applications in inducing apoptosis and preventing cell metastasis. Iranian Caspian cobra snake venom, specifically Oxineur peptide, exhibits cytotoxic effects and anticancer activity on colon cancer cells, while sparing normal cells.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sheng-Chao Shi, Gernot Vogel, Li Ding, Ding-Qi Rao, Shuo Liu, Liang Zhang, Zheng-Jun Wu, Ze-Ning Chen
Summary: This study provides new materials and understanding for the taxonomy of the Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) by combining mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparisons. The Chinese population of N. kaouthia is found to represent a new species. The study also provides new data for N. atra and resurrects the subspecies N. naja polyocellata and N. sumatrana miolepis. It highlights the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of cobra antivenin based on a comprehensive taxonomic framework.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Bing-Sin Liu, Bo-Rong Jiang, Kai-Chieh Hu, Chien-Hsin Liu, Wen-Chin Hsieh, Min-Han Lin, Wang-Chou Sung
Summary: The study developed a novel immunogen formulation using recombinant proteins to neutralize the venom lethality of three medically important cobras in Asia, demonstrating potential for the development of a broad neutralization antivenom for therapeutic treatment of cobra snakebite victims.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kin Ying Wong, Kae Yi Tan, Nget Hong Tan, Christeine Ariaranee Gnanathasan, Choo Hock Tan
Summary: The study revealed a high diversity of toxin gene families in the Sri Lankan N. naja venom, with three-finger toxins (3FTX) being the most abundantly expressed. These toxins, especially S-type cytotoxins/cardiotoxins (CTX) and alpha-neurotoxins (α-NTX), are implicated in the local tissue necrosis and neuromuscular paralysis caused by the Sri Lankan N. naja venom. Intra-species variations in toxin gene sequences and expression levels between the Sri Lankan N. naja and other geographical specimens highlight potential antigenic diversity that impacts the effectiveness of antivenom treatment.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Heng Yeh, Shi-Ying Gao, Chih-Chuan Lin
Summary: Wound necrosis and secondary infection are common complications after Taiwan cobra bites. The Cobra BITE study investigated the prevalence of wound infection, bacteriology, and corresponding antibiotic usage in patients, and established a scoring system to predict infection risk.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Spencer C. Greene, Lesley Osborn, Rachel Bower, Stephen A. Harding, Katrin Takenaka
Summary: Two cases of monocled cobra envenomations resulting in respiratory failure underline the local tissue injury and neurotoxic effects of the snake venom. Patients recovered well after treatment with antivenom.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lina Son, Elena Kryukova, Rustam Ziganshin, Tatyana Andreeva, Denis Kudryavtsev, Igor Kasheverov, Victor Tsetlin, Yuri Utkin
Summary: Cobra venoms contain three-finger toxins that efficiently bind nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and some of these toxins can also block GABA(A) receptors. Analysis of alpha-neurotoxins from African cobra venom showed that they interacted with nAChRs more strongly than with GABA(A)Rs.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Umesha Madhushani, Prabhani Thakshila, Wayne C. Hodgson, Geoffrey K. Isbister, Anjana Silva
Summary: The study found that two Indian polyvalent antivenoms, VINS and Bharat, have a time lag in preventing myotoxicity induced by common cobra venom from Sri Lanka, suggesting that the antivenoms may not efficiently reach the target sites or bind with the toxins effectively.
Article
Infectious Diseases
R. R. Senji Laxme, Saurabh Attarde, Suyog Khochare, Vivek Suranse, Gerard Martin, Nicholas R. Casewell, Romulus Whitaker, Kartik Sunagar
Summary: Snake venom composition can vary significantly across geographically disparate populations of the same species, impacting the efficacy of antivenom treatments. This study reveals considerable differences in the venom composition of Naja naja across six biogeographical zones in India, leading to the ineffectiveness of commercially-available antivenom. The findings emphasize the urgent need for innovative, pan-India effective antivenoms to protect the lives and livelihoods of the country's snakebite victims.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jonathan Paghubasan, Yoshihiro Aoki, Patrick Joseph G. Tiglao, Marvin Jay Sarmiento, Mariedel A. Tan, Mardie S. Sarsalijo, Grace Joy B. Aquino, John David L. Comandante, Emelia B. Santamaria, Kensuke Takahashi, Chris Smith, Koya Ariyoshi, Lourdes C. Agosto, David A. Warrell
Summary: This article introduces a venomous snake called Naja samarensis in the Philippines and mentions that no immuno-diagnostic assays have been developed for venomous snakes in the country.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Praneetha Palasuberniam, Yi Wei Chan, Kae Yi Tan, Choo Hock Tan
Summary: The venom of the Samar Cobra is dominated by three-finger toxins, with short-chain alpha-neurotoxins being the most highly expressed and lethal component. The Philippine Cobra Antivenom showed weak cross-neutralization potency against the venom, particularly targeting the alpha-neurotoxins, underscoring the need for improvement in neutralization activity.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Abhinandan Chowdhury, Matthew R. Lewin, Christina N. Zdenek, Rebecca Carter, Bryan G. Fry
Summary: African spitting cobras have potent anticoagulant venom activity due to strong inhibition of Factor Xa by venom phospholipase A(2) toxins, which current antivenoms cannot neutralize. Research has expanded this trait to include more cobras and found that enzyme-inhibitors can effectively counteract the toxic effects. This suggests potential alternative treatments for snakebite envenoming beyond traditional antivenoms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah, Muhamad Rusdi Ahmad Rusmili, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin, Mohd Farooq Shaikh, Wayne C. Hodgson, Iekhsan Othman
Summary: Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) toxins are a major component of snake venom with various harmful effects. This study isolated a specific PLA(2) toxin from Malaysian Naja sumatrana venom and investigated its activity.
Article
Fisheries
S. Thamizhvanan, S. Sivakumar, S. Santhosh Kumar, D. Vinoth Kumar, S. Suryakodi, K. Balaji, T. Rajkumar, S. Vimal, S. Abdul Majeed, G. Taju, A. S. Sahul Hameed
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2019)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jan-Eric Ahlfors, Ashkan Azimi, Rouwayda El-Ayoubi, Alexander Velumian, Ilan Vonderwalde, Cecile Boscher, Oana Mihai, Sarathi Mani, Marina Samoilova, Mohamad Khazaei, Michael G. Fehlings, Cindi M. Morshead
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2019)
Article
Fisheries
Ravi Nanthini, Seepoo Abdul Majeed, Sugumar Vimal, Gani Taju, Selvam Sivakumar, Shanmugam Santhosh Kumar, Devika Pillai, Kalasseril Girijan Sneha, Chakalaparambil Gokulan Rakesh, Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2019)
Article
Fisheries
L. Peruzza, S. Thamizhvanan, S. Vimal, K. Vinaya Kumar, M. S. Shekhar, V. J. Smith, C. Hauton, K. K. Vijayan, A. S. Sahul Hameed
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Fisheries
Snehal Jamalpure, S. Vimal, A. Nafeez Ahmed, A. S. Sahul Hameed, Kishore M. Paknikar, Jyutika M. Rajwade
Summary: Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) causes white tail disease (WTD) in larval, post-larval, and juvenile stages of the giant freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii. An antibody-based lateral flow assay (LFA) was developed and optimized for early detection of MrNV in the post-larval stage with high specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity. The LFA showed good agreement with the 'gold standard' qRT-PCR test, demonstrating high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90%).
Article
Fisheries
S. Suryakodi, S. Abdul Majeed, G. Taju, S. Vimal, S. Sivakumar, A. Nafeez Ahmed, Feroz Ahmad Shah, Saqib Ahmad Bhat, Dandadhar Sarma, Ajima Begum, A. S. Sahul Hameed
Summary: Novel cell lines from rainbow trout eye, kidney, and spleen were successfully characterized and cryopreserved at different passage levels. These cell lines showed susceptibility to fish nodavirus and tilapia lake virus, while being resistant to Cyprinid herpesvirus 2. They were utilized for virus isolation from disease suspected fish samples, demonstrating their potential importance in virology research.
Article
Fisheries
S. Santhosh Kumar, S. Sivakumar, S. Abdul Majeed, S. Vimal, G. Taju, A. S. Sahul Hameed
Summary: Research showed that infectious myonecrosis virus can be easily isolated and propagated using the C6/36 cell line, and the propagated virus is capable of infecting shrimp and causing 100% mortality.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Eswaramoorthy Thirumalaikumar, Chinnadurai Lelin, Ramamoorthy Sathishkumar, Sugumar Vimal, Setty Balakrishnan Anand, Mariavincent Michael Babu, Thavasimuthu Citarasu
Summary: This study examined the effectiveness of a DNA vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila using chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles encapsulation. Results showed that oral delivery of pVAX-OMP and pVAX-hly DNA vaccines encapsulated in Cs-TPP nanoparticles effectively protected fish against A. hydrophila infection, with significantly higher survival rates observed in the vaccinated group.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Nafeez Ahmed Abdul, Abdul Majeed Seepoo, Taju Gani, Vimal Sugumar, Suryakodi Selvam, Badhusha Allahbagash, Abdul Nazar Abdul Kuthoos, Ramesh Kumar Palsamy, Paknikar Kishore M., Jyutika M. Rajwade, Sait Sahul Hameed Azeez
Summary: Five novel permanent cell lines have been established from different tissues of snubnose pompano, characterized and cryopreserved successfully. These cell lines demonstrated good growth and passage characteristics, and were found suitable for virological and foreign gene expression studies.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ramamoorthy Sathishkumar, Eswaramoorthy Thirumalaikumar, Mayavan Veeramuthu Rajeswari, Jeganathan Arun, Sugumar Vimal, Mariavincent Michael Babu, Thavasimuthu Citarasu
Summary: In this study, a seaweed-associated bacterium was screened and optimized for the production of an immunologically active exopolysaccharide (EPS). The EPS was structurally characterized and its application as a fish feed supplement was demonstrated to significantly enhance fish immunity and disease resistance.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Chinnadurai Lelin, Eswaramoorthy Thirumalaikumar, Ganapathi Uma, Mariavincent Michael Babu, Chellappan Ajan, Sugumar Vimal, Thavasimuthu Citarasu
Summary: The isolated bacteriophage from the semi-intensive culture of Pacific white leg shrimp has strong lytic activity against Vibrio harveyi and other pathogenic vibrios, inhibits biofilm formation, and shows specific activity against V. harveyi infections.
AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Eswaramoorthy Thirumalaikumar, Ramamoorthy Sathishkumar, Sugumar Vimal, Mariavincent Michael Babu, Ganapathi Uma, Angela Mariana Lusiastuti, Thavasimuthu Citarasu
Summary: “The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a cloned and expressed outer membrane protein (OMP) and haemolysin (hly) from a pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila as a vaccine candidate against A. hydrophila infection in Rohu (Labeo rohita). The OMP and hly genes were successfully cloned and expressed, and their immunogenicity was confirmed. Vaccinated fish showed improved haematological profile, phagocytic activity, myeloperoxidase activity, and total immunoglobulin levels. Additionally, the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and lysozymes was up-regulated in vaccinated groups. These results suggest that OMP and hly genes could be used as recombinant subunit vaccines for controlling A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture settings.”
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
S. Santhosh Kumar, Snehal Jamalpure, A. Nafeez Ahmed, G. Taju, S. Vimal, S. Abdul Majeed, S. Suryakodi, Syed Rahamathulla, Kishore M. Paknikar, Jyutika M. Rajwade, A. S. Sahul Hameed
Summary: In this study, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) was developed for the rapid detection of Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in shrimp farming. The LFA showed high specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity, and demonstrated good agreement with the gold standard qRT-PCR. The LFA has the potential to be used on-site by shrimp farmers for the detection of IMNV.
MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Pachiyappan Rajiv Gandhi, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, Vimal Sugumar, R. C. Satish Kumar, Rajendran Ranjith, A. Priyadharsan, Tijo Cherian
Summary: Mosquito control has become more difficult due to resistance to toxic chemical insecticides. Bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles have shown larvicidal and pupicidal activities against malaria and filariasis vectors. These nanoparticles also exhibit strong antioxidant and cytotoxic properties, and can degrade harmful dyes.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
S. Thamizhvanan, A. Nafeez Ahmed, D. Vinoth Kumar, S. Vimal, S. Abdul Majeed, G. Taju, Chris Hauton, A. S. Sahul Hameed
Summary: The prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene plays a crucial role in protecting freshwater prawns from WSSV, with gene-silenced prawns showing a significant reduction in resistance and higher mortality rates when challenged with the virus. PCR, ELISA, and real-time PCR were used to confirm WSSV infection and quantify viral propagation in gene-silenced prawns. The study highlights the importance of proPO in developing resistance against WSSV in prawns.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Arnaud Marchant, Pierre Van Damme, Stanley Plotkin, Pieter Neels, Maria Cristina Cassetti, Jakob Cramer, Marion F. Gruber, David Goldblatt, Deborah King, Wendy Hartig-Merkel, Joris Vandeputte
Summary: A meeting was held in February 2023 by international organizations to discuss correlates of protection against COVID-19, reviewing evidence and identifying knowledge gaps. Neutralizing antibodies and T lymphocytes are believed to play a significant role in protection, but further studies are needed to consolidate the evidence and evaluate other potential factors.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Neetu Raghav, Seema Parveen, Simleen Kaur, Selwyn A. Wilson David, Hyesuk Kong, James L. Kenney, Rajesh K. Gupta
Summary: This study evaluated the use of solid medium in sterility testing. Results showed that the sterility test using Schaedler blood agar (SBA) was more sensitive and faster in detecting microorganisms compared to the current compendial method, particularly in samples containing thimerosal. The sterility test using solid medium could be completed in 7 days without any additional technology.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Loushambam Samananda Singh
Summary: Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for global public health, and phage therapy is seen as an alternative for treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Nano-emulsion encapsulation is described as the best approach to maintain phage efficacy.
