Article
Psychiatry
Chuqi Fu, Shuangli Chen, Andan Qian, Ronghui Zhou, Jiejie Zhou, Jiance Li, Jingliang Cheng, Chuang Yang, Ke Zhao, Meihao Wang
Summary: This study investigated brain structural abnormalities in ADHD patients without comorbidity, using MRI images. The results showed that ADHD patients had more regional gray matter in the bilateral thalamus compared to controls, with this change mainly linked to the iADHD subtype. Additionally, the volume of the right thalamus may be relevant to inattentive symptoms in iADHD.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Blanca Rodriguez-Fernandez, Natalia Vilor-Tejedor, Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo, Gonzalo Sanchez-Benavides, Marc Suarez-Calvet, Gregory Operto, Carolina Minguillon, Karine Fauria, Gwendlyn Kollmorgen, Ivonne Suridjan, Manuel Castro de Moura, David Pineyro, Manel Esteller, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Immaculata De Vivo, Jose Luis Molinuevo, Arcadi Navarro, Juan Domingo Gispert, Aleix Sala-Vila, Marta Crous-Bou
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the potential causal role of telomere length (TL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) endophenotypes. The results showed that longer TL was associated with lower levels of CSF A beta and higher levels of CSF NfL in APOE-epsilon 4 non-carriers. Additionally, longer TL was associated with greater cortical thickness in age and AD-related brain signatures and lower levels of CSF p-tau among individuals at high genetic predisposition to AD.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Johan Martensson, Theodor Rumetshofer, Jessika Nystedt, Jimmy Latt, Petra Nilsson, Anders Bengtsson, Andreas Jonsen, Pia C. Sundgren
Summary: This study investigated structural differences in brain using T1-weighted MRI between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls, as well as differences between SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations (NPSLE) and those without (non-NPSLE). The results showed lower grey matter probability values in the cerebellum VIIIa region for SLE patients, which is related to sensorimotor processing, with no differences between NPSLE and non-NPSLE patients. The study also found a weak positive correlation between VBM values in the VIIIa region and psychomotor speed in CNS Vital Signs test, supporting its role in sensorimotor processing.
Article
Psychiatry
Bianca Besteher, Marlene Machnik, Marie Troll, Antonia Toepffer, Ani Zerekidze, Tonia Rocktaschel, Carina Heller, Zora Kikinis, Stefan Brodoehl, Kathrin Finke, Philipp A. Reuken, Nils Opel, Andreas Stallmach, Christian Gaser, Martin Walter
Summary: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in long-COVID patients, and this study found significantly enlarged gray matter volume (GMV) in several brain regions of long-COVID patients compared to healthy controls. The GMV changes were associated with the time since onset of COVID-19, but not with the clinical symptom burden. Larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the mediating mechanisms between COVID-19, GMV, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lidia Mulet-Pons, Cristina Sole-Padulles, Maria Cabello-Toscano, Kilian Abellaneda-Perez, Ruben Perellon-Alfonso, Gabriele Cattaneo, Javier Solana Sanchez, Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze, Nuria Bargallo, Josep M. Tormos-Munoz, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, David Bartres-Faz, Lidia Vaque-Alcazar
Summary: The study found that in middle age, cognitive dispersion is negatively correlated with cognitive performance, rs-FC within the DMN, and between the DMN and the DAN. These associations were particularly significant in individuals with high SCC. Therefore, cognitive dispersion may be more sensitive to early age-related cognitive and brain functional changes than traditional measures of performance.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Maria Hernandez-Lorca, Astrid Sevelsted, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Casper-Emil T. Pedersen, Julie B. Rosenberg, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Morten Arendt Rasmussen, Mikkel Erlang Sorensen, Niels Bilenberg, Birte Glenthoj, Birgitte Fagerlund, Bo Chawes, Jakob Stokholm, Rebecca Kofod Vinding, Bjorn Ebdrup, Klaus Bonnelykke
Summary: This study uses deep neuropsychiatric phenotyping to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the mental health outcomes of children. The results suggest that the lockdown has negative consequences for the mental health of children, especially those with a genetic vulnerability to ADHD.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ali-Reza Mohammadi-Nejad, Richard J. Allen, Luke M. Kraven, Olivia C. Leavy, R. Gisli Jenkins, Louise V. Wain, Dorothee P. Auer, Stamatios N. Sotiropoulos, DEMISTIFI Consortium
Summary: This study explored the association between genetic risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and brain structure. The results revealed strong associations between IPF risk loci and cortical morphological features, as well as white matter microstructure. The DEPTOR variant may mediate the association between IPF risk and white matter microstructure.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amitai Abramovitch, Alessandro S. De Nadai, Daniel A. Geller
Summary: The study found deficiencies in specific cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control domains in OCD probands and their family members, possibly serving as neurocognitive endophenotypes of OCD. No meaningful familial effects were found in other functions.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Vilor-Tejedor, Diego Garrido-Martin, Blanca Rodriguez-Fernandez, Sander Lamballais, Roderic Guigo, Juan Domingo Gispert
Summary: Imaging genetic studies aim to investigate how genetic information influences brain structure and function by analyzing the correlation and association between genetic variants and brain measurements. While univariate approaches have been successful, the development and application of multivariate methods become crucial when dealing with multiple brain phenotypes and genetic data.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lies Van Assche, Akihiro Takamiya, Jan van den Stock, Luc van de Ven, Patrick Luyten, Louise Emsell, Mathieu Vandenbulcke
Summary: Very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) is a psychiatric disorder associated with lower grey matter volume (GMV) in the thalamus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left insula. Lower thalamic GMV is correlated with memory impairment in this disorder. The findings provide important clues for understanding the neurobiology of VLOSLP.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Rianne van Hal, Dirk Geurts, Philip van Eijndhoven, Joosje Kist, Rose M. Collard, Indira Tendolkar, Janna N. Vrijsen
Summary: This study aimed to differentiate participants diagnosed with MDD, ADHD, comorbid MDD + ADHD, and healthy controls using common symptom measures and cognitive dysfunction. The findings showed that all patient groups exhibited clinically relevant levels of ADHD symptomatology, executive dysfunction, and diminished cognitive performances in the domain of attention. Discriminant function analysis based on self-reported symptoms of MDD, ADHD, and executive dysfunction correctly classified all healthy controls and patients diagnosed with ADHD or MDD to a relatively good extent.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tracy L. Luks, Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer, Christina Weyer-Jamora, Karin Gehring, Angela Jakary, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, Steve E. Braunstein, Paige M. Bracci, Melissa S. Brie, Ellen M. Smith, Susan M. Chang, Jennie W. Taylor
Summary: Survival outcomes for patients with lower grade gliomas continue to improve, but they may experience impairments in cognitive function and quality of life. MRI indicators can be helpful in identifying vulnerable patients who would benefit from cognitive assessment and rehabilitation.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Riccardo Guglielmo, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak, Gregor Hasler
Summary: The review aimed to examine recent literature on clinical, epidemiological, neurobiological, and genetic findings related to bipolar disorder endophenotypes. Strong candidate endophenotypes were suggested to include circadian rhythm instability, dysmodulation of emotion and reward, altered neuroimmune state, attention and executive dysfunctions, anterior cingulate cortex thickness, and early white matter abnormalities. Research suggests a developmental origin of the disorder, with these candidate endophenotypes present in early stages and at-risk individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Education, Special
Leanne Tamm, Richard E. A. Loren, James Peugh, Heather A. Ciesielski
Summary: This study found that EF performance was uniquely associated with academic and social impairment in children diagnosed with ADHD, particularly in reading, written expression, and math. ADHD symptoms were more strongly correlated with impairment in social relationships, organized peer activities, and classroom behaviors.
JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Wan-Hsuan Lu, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Yves Rolland, Ali Bouyahia, Clara Fischer, Jean-Francois Mangin, Kelly Giudici, Bruno Vellas
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of biological and neuroimaging markers in determining incident frailty among older adults over a period of 5 years. Although some markers like 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, homocysteine levels, and neuroimaging data were significantly associated with incident frailty in unadjusted models, these associations disappeared after adjustment for age, sex, and other confounders. Omega-3 index was the only marker that showed a trend of association with incident frailty.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
John F. Strang, Laura G. Anthony, Amber Song, Meng-Chuan Lai, Megan Knauss, Eleonora Sadikova, Elizabeth Graham, Zosia Zaks, Harriette Wimms, Laura Willing, David Call, Michael Mancilla, Sara Shakin, Eric Vilain, Da-Young Kim, Tekla Maisashvili, Ayesha Khawaja, Lauren Kenworthy
Summary: This study investigates the mental health of autistic-transgender adolescents and finds that they experience significantly greater internalizing symptoms. In addition to stigma-related associations, ASD-related cognitive/neurodevelopmental factors are also associated with worse mental health.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jan Stochl, Hannah Jones, Emma Soneson, Adam P. Wagner, Golam M. Khandaker, Stanley Zammit, Jon Heron, Gemma Hammerton, Edward T. Bullmore, Ray Dolan, Peter Fonagy, Ian M. Goodyer, J. Perez, Peter B. Jones
Summary: Characterizing patterns of mental phenomena in epidemiological studies of adolescents can provide insight into the latent organization of psychiatric disorders. This avoids the biases of chronicity and selection inherent in clinical samples, guides models of shared aetiology within psychiatric disorders and informs the development and implementation of interventions.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lizhu Luo, Christelle Langley, Laura Moreno-Lopez, Keith Kendrick, David K. Menon, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, Barbara J. Sahakian
Summary: This study examined the association between depressive symptoms in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and altered resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) or voxel-based morphology in brain regions involved in emotional regulation and associated with depression. The results showed a positive association between depression scores and rs-fc between limbic regions and cognitive control regions, while there was a negative association between depression scores and rs-fc between limbic and frontal regions involved in emotion regulation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying depression following TBI and can inform treatment decisions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Nina M. Lutz, Sharon A. S. Neufeld, Roxanne W. Hook, Peter B. Jones, Edward T. Bullmore, Ian M. Goodyer, Tamsin J. Ford, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Paul O. Wilkinson
Summary: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is more common among women, possibly due to their higher levels of psychological distress. Women also show significant differences in sensation seeking and positive urgency compared to men. Psychological distress partially mediates the relationship between gender and NSSI.
ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Christelle Langley, Sophia Armand, Qiang Luo, George Savulich, Tina Segerberg, Anna Sondergaard, Elisabeth B. Pedersen, Nanna Svart, Oliver Overgaard-Hansen, Annette Johansen, Camilla Borgsted, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Dea S. Stenbaek, Gitte M. Knudsen, Barbara J. Sahakian
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of the SSRI escitalopram on cognition in healthy volunteers. The findings revealed that escitalopram decreased reinforcement sensitivity but had no significant impact on "cold" cognition and decision-making ability. These findings suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibition plays a role in reinforcement learning in healthy individuals.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Barbara J. Sahakian
Summary: In this article, the author discusses the important areas where scientists can have impact, including problem solving, new developments, and addressing neuroethical and societal concerns. The author emphasizes the importance of early detection, pharmacological treatment, and neuropsychological understanding of cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The author also highlights the role of books, articles, and media in influencing government policy and encourages young scientists to contribute to policy development and public engagement.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Karmele Lopez-de-Ipina, Jon Iradi, Elsa Fernandez, Pilar M. Calvo, Damien Salle, Anujan Poologaindran, Ivan Villaverde, Paul Daelman, Emilio Sanchez, Catalina Requejo, John Suckling
Summary: The workplace is shifting towards a more interactive role between humans and intelligent machines, while the aging workforce brings about new risks due to health disorders, necessitating intelligent intervention for production management and worker support. This study presents HUMANISE, an intelligent system for risk management targeting workers with disease conditions, based on Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Intelligent Agents. The results demonstrate the system's potential in coordinating and monitoring industrial scenarios with worker health information for successful risk management.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Edward T. Bullmore, Alex Fornito
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sven Bolte, Janina Neufeld, Peter B. Marschik, Zachary J. Williams, Louise Gallagher, Meng-Chuan Lai
Summary: There are qualitative and quantitative differences in health conditions between individuals of different birth-assigned sexes, gender identities, and gender experiences, which require personalized care. It is important to study the moderating and mediating effects of sex and gender factors on impairment, disability, wellbeing, and health, especially for neurodivergent individuals. Researchers have started to investigate the mechanisms through which sex and gender variables affect the manifestations of neurodevelopmental conditions.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsiang-Yuan Lin, Elia H. Abi-Jaoude, Pushpal Desarkar, Wei Wang, Stephanie K. Ameis, Meng-Chuan Lai, Yona Lunsky, Tarek Rajji
Summary: Severe behavioral problems (SBPs) have negative impacts on the health and quality of life for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The current medications for SBPs have limited effectiveness and significant side effects, thus a need for new safe treatments. This study aims to investigate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone in adults with IDD, filling the evidence gap and providing guidance for future clinical trials.
Article
Psychiatry
Ethan G. Dutcher, Laura Lopez-Cruz, E. A. Claudia Pama, Mary-Ellen Lynall, Iris C. R. Bevers, Jolyon A. Jones, Shahid Khan, Stephen J. Sawiak, Amy L. Milton, Menna R. Clatworthy, Trevor W. Robbins, Edward T. Bullmore, Jeffrey W. Dalley
Summary: Early-life stress (ELS), particularly in the form of childhood neglect and abuse, has long-lasting effects on cognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes in rats. These effects interact with stress in adulthood and may be relevant for understanding the etiology of anxiety and depression in humans.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Malvina N. Skorska, Lindsey T. Thurston, Jessica M. Biasin, Gabriel A. Devenyi, Kenneth J. Zucker, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Meng-Chuan Lai, Doug P. VanderLaan
Summary: Recent research explores the relationship between gender identity, sexual orientation, and cortical tissue characteristics. The study found that the combination of masculine gender identity and gynephilia is associated with cortical T1 relaxation time, reflecting gray matter density. Furthermore, the investigation of mean diffusivity (MD) together with T1 relaxation time provides further insights into cortical tissue characteristics related to age and psychosexuality.
Article
Neurosciences
Isaac Sebenius, Jakob Seidlitz, Varun Warrier, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Travis T. Mallard, Rafael Romero Garcia, Edward T. Bullmore, Sarah E. Morgan
Summary: MIND is a new method that estimates within-subject similarity between cortical areas by comparing the divergence of their multivariate distributions of MRI features. Compared to previous methods, MIND networks are more reliable, consistent with cortical structure, and correlated with axonal connectivity. MIND networks are also more sensitive to aging and gene co-expression, and provide a biologically validated approach to cortical connectomics using MRI data.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Meng-Chuan Lai
Summary: Mental health challenges significantly impact the well-being of autistic individuals. This review proposes a framework that considers social-contextual determinants, adverse life experiences, autistic cognitive features, and shared genetic and early environmental predispositions as contributing factors to personalized formulation for mental health support. Evidence-based interventions and ongoing development of support for specific mental health areas are emphasized. Tailored mental health support for autistic individuals should be informed by neurodivergence and align with the bio-psycho-social frameworks. The personalized formulation should take into account physical health, transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental factors, intellectual and communication abilities, as well as contextual-experiential determinants and their interactions with autistic cognition and biology, along with resilience. The well-being of families is integral, and mutual empathic understanding is crucial for creating an inclusive society.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Carmen Jimenez-Mesa, Juan E. Arco, Francisco Jesus Martinez-Murcia, John Suckling, Javier Ramirez, Juan Manuel Gorriz
Summary: The integration of PET and SPECT imaging techniques with ML algorithms, including DL models, is a promising approach that enhances diagnostic and treatment strategies, as well as provides invaluable insights into disease mechanisms.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Maya Jammoul, Dareen Jammoul, Kevin K. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Ralph G. Depalma
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) may stimulate the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) and discusses the interaction between these two processes. CNS damage due to TBI appears to drive adverse effects of subsequent OUD, with pain being a risk factor for opioid use after TBI.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Danusa Mar Arcego, Jan-Paul Buschdorf, Nicholas O'Toole, Zihan Wang, Barbara Barth, Irina Pokhvisneva, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Sachin Patel, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Patrick Lee, Jennifer Tan, Ming Xuan Koh, Chu Ming Sim, Carine Parent, Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Andrew Clappison, Kieran J. O'Donnell, Carla Dalmaz, Janine Arloth, Nadine Provencal, Elisabeth B. Binder, Josie Diorio, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Michael J. Meaney
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental influences on mental health by integrating transcriptomic data from animal models with human data. The results suggest that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Milenna T. van Dijk, Ardesheer Talati, Pratik Kashyap, Karan Desai, Nora C. Kelsall, Marc J. Gameroff, Natalie Aw, Eyal Abraham, Breda Cullen, Jiook Cha, Christoph Anacker, Myrna M. Weissman, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found that maternal stress is associated with future depressive symptoms and alterations in microstructure of the dentate gyrus (DG) in offspring. These results were consistent across two independent cohorts.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Josephine C. McGowan, Liliana R. Ladner, Claire X. Shubeck, Juliana Tapia, Christina T. LaGamma, Amanda Anqueira-Gonzalez, Ariana DeFrancesco, Briana K. Chen, Holly C. Hunsberger, Ezra J. Sydnor, Ryan W. Logan, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Steven G. Kernie, Christine A. Denny
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to fear generalization by altering fear memory traces, and this symptom can be improved with (R,S)-ketamine.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)