Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel J. Foley, Herbert Waldmann
Summary: Natural product-inspired compound collections are important sources for discovering new bioactive compounds for treating diseases. Ketones, with their variety of synthetic transformations, prevalence as commercial building blocks, and relative ease of synthesis, can be valuable as starting materials for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds. This review explores the use of ketones as general precursors and summarizes the synthetic transformations available for the annulation of natural product ring-systems to ketone starting materials.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sin-Ho Jung
Summary: Biomarkers are crucial in the development of personalized medicine, and clinical trials involving biomarkers require appropriate design and analysis to ensure accuracy and reliability of the results. This paper demonstrates the design and analysis of two cancer clinical trials, showing that the proposed methods perform well in controlling error rates and maintaining statistical power.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Shai Mulinari
Summary: Digital phenotyping is a rapidly growing research field that aims to revolutionize how psychiatry measures and predicts human behavior. This article explores the epistemology and knowledge claims of digital phenotyping, arguing that it introduces a new psychiatric gaze called the digital gaze. This gaze prioritizes the physiological, behavioral, and social insights provided by digital technologies and big data, rather than focusing solely on neuromolecular explanations.
BIG DATA & SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yehao Chen, Yuping Song, Zigui Chen, Jennifer Wing Ki Yau, Kate Ching Ching Chan, Agnes Sze Yin Leung, Oi Man Chan, Apple Chung Man Yeung, Connie Lai Yuk Yuen, Paul Kay Sheung Chan, Wing Hung Tam, Ting Fan Leung
Summary: This study investigated the early-life evolution of the skin microbiome in Chinese children and its association with eczema phenotypes. The results showed that atopic sensitization at 12 months was strongly associated with persistent eczema at 24 months. Children with atopic eczema had reduced alpha diversity at 12 months and transiently higher abundance of the genus Janibacter at 6 months compared to those with non-atopic eczema. These findings suggest that atopic sensitization at 12 months may predict persistent eczema, and atopic eczema is associated with unique skin microbiome profiles at different time points. Non-invasive skin-microbiome profiling may have predictive value for atopic eczema.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Monika Zajkowska, Barbara Mroczko
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a global problem and scientists are trying to expand their knowledge on its early detection and treatment. Chemokines, as protein factors involved in cancer development, are potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dhamidhu Eratne, Samantha M. Loi, Qiao-Xin Li, Christiane Stehmann, Charles B. Malpas, Alexander Santillo, Shorena Janelidze, Claire Cadwallader, Nirbaanjot Walia, Blair Ney, Victoria Lewis, Matteo Senesi, Christopher Fowler, Amelia McGlade, Shiji Varghese, Parsa Ravanfar, Wendy Kelso, Sarah Farrand, Michael Keem, Matthew Kang, Anita M. Y. Goh, Kunal Dhiman, Veer Gupta, Rosie Watson, Nawaf Yassi, Cath Kaylor-Hughes, Richard Kanaan, Piero Perucca, Hannah Dobson, Lucy Vivash, Rashida Ali, Terence J. O'Brien, Oskar Hansson, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Mark Walterfang, Colin L. Masters, Samuel F. Berkovic, Steven Collins, Dennis Velakoulis
Summary: This study investigated the clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) and total-tau (t-tau) in differentiating neurodegenerative disorders (ND) from psychiatric disorders (PSY) and rapidly progressive disorders. The results showed that NfL had a high accuracy in distinguishing ND from PSY, outperforming t-tau in most clinical scenarios. However, it was not effective in distinguishing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) from rapidly progressive dementias/atypically rapid variants of common ND (RapidND).
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Samuel J. Offor, Chinna N. Orish, Chiara Frazzoli, Orish E. Orisakwe
Summary: There is a strong link between a healthy diet and mental well-being, with certain foods and compounds known to modulate biomarkers and molecular mechanisms involved in mental disorders. Policy advocacy is needed to bridge the knowledge gap and encourage integration of nutrition with contemporary therapies for better management of psychiatric illnesses.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Rebecca Czolk, Julia Klueber, Martin Sorensen, Paul Wilmes, Francoise Codreanu-Morel, Per Stahl Skov, Christiane Hilger, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Markus Ollert, Annette Kuehn
Summary: Food allergy encompasses various immune-mediated responses, with IgE-mediated allergy being the most well-known subtype. Patients exhibit diverse clinical profiles, such as symptomatic manifestations, threshold reactivity, and reaction kinetics. Despite challenges in predicting these clinical phenotypes, understanding the immune basis is essential for patient stratification.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Livia J. De Picker, Benno C. M. Haarman
Summary: TSPO PET imaging shows potential in clinical immunopsychiatry, but further research is needed on psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and mood disorders. Current scanning protocols are not reliable or practical enough for clinical use in psychiatric patients, presenting challenges for the translation of TSPO PET into clinical practice.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hippolyte Meersseman Arango, Ludivine van den Biggelaar, Patrice Soumillion, Patricia Luis, Tom Leyssens, Francesca Paradisi, Damien P. Debecker
Summary: Chiral amines are crucial for the synthesis of many valuable compounds, including active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, the current production methods are expensive and energy-intensive. Biocatalytic routes using amine transaminases offer a more sustainable and efficient alternative, but their industrial applications are limited due to operational restrictions and enzyme instability.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pierre-Michel Llorca, Luc Zimmer
Summary: The discussion focused on the positioning of psychiatry in neuroscience and the importance of building connections with other medical disciplines. They also highlighted the challenges in developing clinical biomarkers for psychiatry and psychopharmacology, as well as the current difficulties facing drug research in psychiatry along with some success stories.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Ermondi, Diego Garcia-Jimenez, Giulia Caron
Summary: The study utilized the PROTAC-DB database to gather information on PROTACs and building blocks, calculating 2D descriptors and using graphical tools to analyze and compare the chemical space. Results indicated that linkers have different properties than E3 ligands and warheads, and analysis of three PROTACs with varying permeability showed that the most permeable compounds exhibit different properties compared to bRo5 drugs. The study also discussed the relevance of physicochemical descriptors on degradation activity using the PROTACpedia database.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Moses Abraham, Vanshree Parey, Jayant K. Singh
Summary: The breathtaking success of MXenes stems from their unique and fascinating properties, triggering worldwide interest and opening up new directions in the science and technology of two-dimensional materials. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of relevant properties across a wide range of MXene families, emphasizing on the modern approaches, pitfalls, and applications. The fundamental structure-property-performance inter-relationships are described to enhance the atomic-level understanding of MXenes. The immediate research needs, future directions, and major challenges in developing MXenes are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Peikun He, Yuyuan Gao, Lin Shi, Yanyi Li, Shuolin Jiang, Zihui Tie, Yihui Qiu, Guixian Ma, Yuhu Zhang, Kun Nie, Lijuan Wang
Summary: This study aimed to construct a nomogram model that can distinguish different longitudinal trajectories of motor symptom changes in early-stage PD patients. Two distinct progression patterns of motor symptoms were identified, and a nomogram model was developed using potential predictors. The nomogram showed good discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Ryan H. Kirkpatrick, Douglas P. Munoz, Sarosh Khalid-Khan, Linda Booij
Summary: Psychiatric research has been seeking biomarkers of psychiatric disease over the past decade, but has not seen the same success in clinical practice as other medical specialties. Psychiatry differs fundamentally from other medical specialties in diagnostic methods, etiology, and disease pathologies, which may limit the success of biomarker research. The research environment also heavily influences the translation of findings.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
G. Paul Amminger, Ashleigh Lin, Melissa Kerr, Amber Weller, Jessica Spark, Charlotte Pugh, Sally O'Callaghan, Maximus Berger, Scott R. Clark, James G. Scott, Andrea Baker, Iain McGregor, David Cotter, Zoltan Sarnyai, Andrew Thompson, Alison R. Yung, Brian O'Donoghue, Eoin Killackey, Cathy Mihalopoulos, Hok Pan Yuen, Barnaby Nelson, Patrick D. McGorry
Summary: This study aims to test the efficacy of CBD in treating subthreshold psychotic symptoms in the at-risk stage of psychotic disorder. Through a randomized controlled trial, CBD will be compared to placebo in improving positive psychotic symptoms in UHR patients, with the hypothesis that CBD will be significantly more effective.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Michael Tham, Sarah Bendall, Thomas Carlyon-Stewart, Andrea Polari, Jessica Hartmann, Melissa Kerr, Paul Amminger, Patrick McGorry, Barnaby Nelson, Aswin Ratheesh
Summary: The study found that carers' experiences of their teenagers being identified as at-risk for psychosis varied, with main themes including limited or variable recall of risk information, perceived positive goal of risk disclosure, negative emotions associated with knowledge of risk, relief from uncertainty and helplessness, and effects of risk disclosure mediated by individual circumstance.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Sue M. Cotton, Kate M. Filia, Martin Lambert, Michael Berk, Aswin Ratheesh, Benno G. Schimmelmann, Craig Macneil, Melissa Hasty, Patrick D. McGorry, Philippe Conus
Summary: The study found that NEET status in young people with bipolar disorder and psychotic features is associated with premorbid decline, substance use, and forensic issues. NEET status can change during treatment, suggesting a need to further explore the effectiveness of vocational intervention programs specifically for BD.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Anna Beneria, Olga Santesteban-Echarri, Constanza Daigre, Hailey Tremain, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Patrick D. McGorry, Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
Summary: The study found that online interventions did not significantly reduce cannabis consumption, with high heterogeneity. However, recent studies suggest that structured interventions, daily feedback, AYA centred designs, and peer support specifically targeting cannabis users may have positive effects to address cannabis use in this population.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Subash Raj Susai, David Mongan, Colm Healy, Mary Cannon, Barnaby Nelson, Connie Markulev, Miriam R. Schafer, Maximus Berger, Nilufar Mossaheb, Monika Schloegelhofer, Stefan Smesny, Ian B. Hickie, Gregor E. Berger, Eric Y. H. Chen, Lieuwe de Haan, Dorien H. Nieman, Merete Nordentoft, Anita Riecher-Roessler, Swapna Verma, Andrew Thompson, Alison Ruth Yung, Patrick D. McGorry, Melanie Focking, David Cotter, G. Paul Amminger
Summary: This study investigated the relationship of erythrocyte omega-3 FAs with plasma immune markers and examined whether the associations between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes were mediated via plasma immune markers in CHR individuals. The results indicate a predominantly anti-inflammatory relationship of omega-3 FAs on plasma inflammatory status in CHR individuals, but this did not appear to convey clinical benefits at 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Both immune and non-immune biological effects of omega-3 FAs would be resourceful in understanding the clinical benefits of omega-3 FAs in CHR population.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
John Broughan, Geoff McCombe, Jayleigh Lim, Donal O'Keeffe, Katherine Brown, Mary Clarke, Ciaran Corcoran, David Hanlon, Ned Kelly, John Lyne, Patrick McGorry, Sinead O' Brien, Karen O' Connor, Karen O' Mahony, Seamus Scott, Elizabeth Wycherley, Walter Cullen
Summary: This study evaluated a keyworker-mediated intervention promoting physical health among first episode psychosis patients, finding mixed feasibility outcomes and highlighting challenges such as low recruitment rates, variable linkages between keyworkers and general practitioners, and the impact of COVID-19 restrictions.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Jessica A. Hartmann, Barnaby Nelson, Gunther Paul Amminger, Jessica Spark, Hok Pan Yuen, Melissa J. Kerr, Andrea Polari, Nicky Wallis, Julie Blasioli, Lisa Dixon, Cameron Carter, Rachel Loewy, Tara A. Niendam, Martha Shumway, Patrick D. McGorry
Summary: The aim of this study is to determine the most effective type, timing, and sequence of interventions in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis, and evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the treatment approach through the recruitment flow and baseline clinical characteristics.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole T. M. Hill, Patrick D. McGorry, Jo Robinson
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrick D. McGorry
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Holly Sizer, Ellie Brown, Hellen Geros, Alison Yung, Barnaby Nelson, Patrick McGorry, Brian O'Donoghue
Summary: Limited research suggests similar or superior outcomes for individuals with a first episode of psychosis who present initially via an ARMS clinic. The reduced psychiatric admission rate is an important potential benefit of ARMS clinics that requires further validation.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Patrick D. McGorry, Cristina Mei, Andrew Chanen, Craig Hodges, Mario Alvarez-Jimenez, Eoin Killackey
Summary: Mental ill-health is the main threat to young people's health and future potential globally. The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this trend. Despite the immense need, adolescents and emerging adults have limited access to mental health care. Co-designed strategies and innovations have emerged, including integrated primary youth mental health care services, but these need to be scaled up globally to meet the rising demand.
Article
Psychiatry
Tara Burke, Andrew Thompson, Nathan Mifsud, Alison R. Yung, Barnaby Nelson, Patrick McGorry, Brian O'Donoghue
Summary: This study found that a significant proportion of young people initially attended other specialist youth mental health services, and these individuals had lower rates of hospital admission at the time of transition to first-episode psychosis.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Brian O'Donoghue, Andrea Polari, Patrick McGorry, Barnaby Nelson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the under-representation of migrants in cohorts of young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis. The study found that migrants were more commonly referred by community health services, while non-migrants were more likely to be referred through other mental health services. The severity of attenuated psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms did not differ based on migrant status.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Emily P. Hedges, Hannah Dickson, Stefania Tognin, Gemma Modinos, Mathilde Antoniades, Mark van der Gaag, Lieuwe de Haan, Patrick McGorry, Christos Pantelis, Anita Riecher-Rossler, Rodrigo Bressan, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Marie-Odile Krebs, Merete Nordentoft, Stephan Ruhrmann, Gabriele Sachs, Bart P. Rutten, Jim van Os, Lucia R. Valmaggia, Philip McGuire, Matthew J. Kempton
Summary: Individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis show deficits in verbal memory and verbal fluency, which are related to longer-term outcomes of the disorder. These cognitive impairments are present even in those not taking antipsychotic medication. Furthermore, impaired immediate verbal recall predicts functional disability and non-remission from the clinical high risk state.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION
(2022)
Letter
Psychiatry
Patrick McGorry
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Maya Jammoul, Dareen Jammoul, Kevin K. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Ralph G. Depalma
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) may stimulate the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) and discusses the interaction between these two processes. CNS damage due to TBI appears to drive adverse effects of subsequent OUD, with pain being a risk factor for opioid use after TBI.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Danusa Mar Arcego, Jan-Paul Buschdorf, Nicholas O'Toole, Zihan Wang, Barbara Barth, Irina Pokhvisneva, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Sachin Patel, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Patrick Lee, Jennifer Tan, Ming Xuan Koh, Chu Ming Sim, Carine Parent, Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Andrew Clappison, Kieran J. O'Donnell, Carla Dalmaz, Janine Arloth, Nadine Provencal, Elisabeth B. Binder, Josie Diorio, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Michael J. Meaney
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental influences on mental health by integrating transcriptomic data from animal models with human data. The results suggest that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Milenna T. van Dijk, Ardesheer Talati, Pratik Kashyap, Karan Desai, Nora C. Kelsall, Marc J. Gameroff, Natalie Aw, Eyal Abraham, Breda Cullen, Jiook Cha, Christoph Anacker, Myrna M. Weissman, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found that maternal stress is associated with future depressive symptoms and alterations in microstructure of the dentate gyrus (DG) in offspring. These results were consistent across two independent cohorts.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Josephine C. McGowan, Liliana R. Ladner, Claire X. Shubeck, Juliana Tapia, Christina T. LaGamma, Amanda Anqueira-Gonzalez, Ariana DeFrancesco, Briana K. Chen, Holly C. Hunsberger, Ezra J. Sydnor, Ryan W. Logan, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Steven G. Kernie, Christine A. Denny
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to fear generalization by altering fear memory traces, and this symptom can be improved with (R,S)-ketamine.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
