Review
Clinical Neurology
Giovanni Videtta, Letizia Squarcina, Maria Gloria Rossetti, Paolo Brambilla, Giuseppe Delvecchio, Marcella Bellani
Summary: Recent studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography have revealed significant changes in the white matter fascicles of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). These changes include decreased fractional anisotropy, reduced fiber density, altered fiber tract length, and increased radial and mean diffusivity. These structural modifications in the CC may contribute to the cognitive impairments observed in BD, particularly in executive processing, motor control, and visual memory. However, the limitations of small sample sizes and heterogeneity in research methods and clinical characteristics should be considered.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Paulo Jannuzzi Cunha, Fabio L. S. Duran, Paula Approbato de Oliveira, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Ana Luiza V. Milioni, Mariella Ometto, Paula Squarzoni, Pedro P. Santos, Sheila C. Caetano, Geraldo F. Busatto, Sandra Scivoletto
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and neurocognitive functioning, cortisol levels, and corpus callosum integrity among adolescents. Results showed that higher levels of maltreatment were associated with lower scores in interhemispheric communication of sensorimotor information, altered microstructure of the corpus callosum, and higher cortisol levels.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Taylor E. Stansberry, Anne L. Willliams, Toshikazu Ikuta
Summary: The integrity of the interhemispheric auditory white matter tract is associated with impulsivity, especially sensation seeking. Stronger interhemispheric auditory integration is suggested to be related to greater impulsivity and sensation seeking.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Acoustics
R. Corroenne, D. Grevent, G. Kasprian, J. Stirnemann, Y. Ville, H. Mahallati, L. J. Salomon
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the methodology used in developing reference charts for fetal corpus callosum (CC) biometry. It finds significant heterogeneity in methods and final biometric values across studies, and suggests using uniform methodology of the highest quality to provide accurate counseling and recommendations.
ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jean-Francois Delvenne, Brian Scally, David Bunce, Melanie Rose Burke
Summary: The splenium in the posterior region of the corpus callosum is relatively preserved during normal aging, but the impact of age on its distinct interhemispheric tract bundles is largely unknown. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine these segregations, and results showed selective alterations in older age, with occipital tracts preserved but parietal and temporal segments impaired.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Pan Wang, Yuan Jiang, Matthew J. Hoptman, Yilu Li, Qingquan Cao, Pushti Shah, Benjamin Klugah-Brown, Bharat B. Biswal
Summary: Schizophrenia is characterized by altered integration between large-scale functional networks and cortical-subcortical pathways. This study explores the role of deep callosal organization in modulating cortical functional activities through white matter in schizophrenia using a data-driven method. The findings suggest that connectivity deficits in callosal-white matter-cortical circuits may contribute to the symptoms and cognitive impairment seen in schizophrenia.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jewel E. Crasta, Robert N. Tucker, Joshua Robinson, Hsuan Wei Chen, Deana Crocetti, Stacy J. Suskauer
Summary: This pilot study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine changes in motor-associated white matter pathways and their relationship with subtle motor function in adolescents with sports-related concussion (SRC). The results showed that adolescents with SRC had higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the superior corona radiata and greater subtle motor deficits compared to controls. There was also a correlation between greater subtle motor deficits and higher MD of the superior corona radiata.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Xinran Wu, Qunlin Chen, Xi Wang, Zhiting Ren, Dongtao Wei, Jiangzhou Sun, Jie Zhang, Xinyu Liang, Yaya Jiang, Suyu Zhong, Gaolang Gong, Jiang Qiu
Summary: Recent neuroimaging studies indicate that creativity is associated with brain regions across both hemispheres and the corpus callosum facilitates inter-hemispheric information exchange. However, research findings on the relationship between inter-hemispheric interaction and creativity remain inconsistent, possibly due to different types of creativity and neural features being considered. This study found that verbal creativity is positively correlated with certain structural measures of the corpus callosum, while visual creativity shows no significant association with these measures.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alberto Failla, Lauryna Filatovaite, Xiaowan Wang, Sampsa Vanhatalo, Jeroen Dudink, Linda S. de Vries, Manon Benders, Nathan Stevenson, Maria Luisa Tataranno
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association between bursting interhemispheric synchrony (bIHS) and microstructural development of the corpus callosum (CC) in extremely preterm infants during the first week of life. Results indicated that early cortical synchrony may be affected by morphine, but is not associated with the microstructural development of the CC.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Takashi Tarumi, Marina Fukuie, Takayuki Yamabe, Ryota Kimura, David C. C. Zhu, Keigo Ohyama-Byun, Seiji Maeda, Jun Sugawara
Summary: The microstructural organization of the corpus callosum is higher in young endurance athletes compared to sedentary adults, particularly in the fiber tracts connected to the sensorimotor and visual cortices. Aerobic exercise training can improve brain connectivity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jean-Francois Delvenne, Brian Scally, Melanie Rose Burke
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether different inter-hemispheric tract bundles in the posterior region of the corpus callosum (CC) have an impact on patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The results demonstrated significant differences in the parietal tract bundles of the CC splenium between AD and MCI patients and the normal control group, suggesting compromised white matter integrity. Therefore, examining the distinct inter-hemispheric tract bundles of the CC splenium shows potential for the diagnosis of AD and MCI.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Mohamed Nasreldin Sadek, Esraa Shehata Ismail, Ayman Isamil Kamel, Alia Adel Saleh, Ayda Aly Youssef, Nagwan Mohamed Madbouly
Summary: The study revealed significant structural alterations in the corpus callosum of adolescent females with Borderline Personality Disorder, which are associated with symptoms of emotional dysregulation and impulsivity.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Thais Caldeira, Paulo Rogerio Julio, Simone Appenzeller, Leticia Rittner
Summary: The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest white matter structure in the human brain, and analysis with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has provided new information about it. Most studies on CC with DTI focus on diffusion measures and structure segmentation, especially due to recent access to larger datasets requiring fully automated methods for segmentation and division.
COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xuesong Zhang, Johannes Weickenmeier
Summary: Brain maturation and neurological diseases are closely related to microstructural changes, which affect the brain's mechanical behavior. This study investigates stiffness changes in the brain due to demyelination using the cuprizone mouse model. The results show that there are region-specific stiffness changes in the corpus callosum, cingulum, and cortex. Fixation of the tissue also has a significant impact on stiffness and interregional stiffness ratios.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nathan Blanke, Shuaibin Chang, Anna Novoseltseva, Hui Wang, David a. Boas, Irving j. Bigio
Summary: The combination of PS-OCT and BRM allows for the evaluation of myelinated axons at different spatial scales, making it promising for studying brain connectivity and organization.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elena Mazza, Federico Calesella, Marco Paolini, Camilla di Pasquasio, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Andrea Falini, Raffaella Zanardi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Our study investigated the effects of insulin and its derived measures on white matter microstructure and neural functional connectivity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed that insulin was negatively associated with fractional anisotropy and positively influenced radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity. Additionally, insulin resistance had a significant effect on radial diffusivity, while insulin sensitivity was positively associated with fractional anisotropy and negatively associated with radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity. These findings suggest that insulin may play a role in the pathophysiology of BD by affecting white matter microstructure and functional connectivity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paolo Enrico, Giuseppe Delvecchio, Nunzio Turtulici, Rosario Aronica, Alessandro Pigoni, Letizia Squarcina, Filippo Villa, Cinzia Perlini, Maria Rossetti, Marcella Bellani, Antonio Lasalvia, Chiara Bonetto, Paolo Scocco, Armando D'Agostino, Stefano Torresani, Massimiliano Imbesi, Francesca Bellini, Angelo Veronese, Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto, Massimo Gennarelli, Matteo Balestrieri, Gualtiero Colombo, Annamaria Finardi, Mirella Ruggeri, Roberto Furlan, Paolo Brambilla, GET UP Grp
Summary: Psychosis onset is a transdiagnostic event that can lead to various psychiatric disorders, and current diagnosis is based on clinical observation. This study used a data-driven unsupervised machine learning model to cluster first-episode psychosis patients based on immune gene expression levels, identifying two distinct subgroups. One subgroup showed high expression of inflammatory and immune-activating genes, while the other subgroup was balanced and included both patients and healthy controls. These findings suggest the importance of immunomarkers in the pathogenesis of psychosis.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Albert J. Fenoy, Joao Quevedo, Jair C. Soares
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Manuel Canal-Rivero, Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla, Victor Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Alvaro Lopez-Diaz, Nathalia Garrido-Torres, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, Javier Vazquez-Bourgon, Jacqueline Mayoral-van Son, Paolo Brambilla, Tilo Kircher, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
Summary: This study used a long-term longitudinal design to investigate the evolution of negative symptoms in first-episode psychosis and their associated brain changes. The results identified stable, decreasing, and increasing trajectories in three factors of negative symptoms (expressivity, experiential, and attention). Furthermore, patients with an increasing trajectory in expressivity showed cortical thinning in certain brain regions, which could be used as a biomarker of poor symptom outcome.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Mario Gennaro Mazza, Federica Colombo, Benedetta Vai, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Andrea Falini, Sara Poletti, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Cognitive impairment is a common residual symptom in COVID-19 survivors and is associated with various brain changes. This study investigated the neural correlates of subjective cognitive decline using multimodal imaging in a sample of 58 COVID-19 survivors. The findings revealed widespread white matter disruption and abnormal functional connectivity in the brains of individuals with cognitive complaints. These results suggest a potential brain signature of cognitive decline in COVID-19 survivors and may aid in the identification of therapeutic targets for mitigating long-term cognitive dysfunction.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Sigrid Breit, Elena Mazza, Sara Poletti, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and serious mental disorder that can result in chronic recurrent symptoms, treatment resistance, and suicidal behavior. Immune dysregulation and brain volume changes, particularly in white matter (WM), are associated with MDD. Neuroimaging markers and blood markers, such as inflammation-related cytokines, may serve as predictors of treatment response in MDD, but the relationship between peripheral inflammation, WM integrity, and antidepressant response is still not clearly understood. This review aims to explore the association between inflammation and WM integrity, and their impact on MDD pathophysiology and progression, as well as the potential role of novel biomarkers in improving MDD prevention and treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benedetta Vai, Federico Calesella, Claudia Lenti, Lidia Fortaner-Uya, Elisa Caselani, Paola Fiore, Sigrid Breit, Sara Poletti, Cristina Colombo, Raffaella Zanardi, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Suicide attempts in Bipolar Disorder are characterized by high levels of lethality and impulsivity. Reduced rates of amygdala and cortico-limbic habituation can identify a fMRI phenotype of suicidality in the disorder related to internal over-arousing states. This study found that bipolar suicide attempters have lower habituation levels in several cortico-limbic areas, suggesting that reduced habituation in the cortico-limbic system may serve as a biomarker for suicidality. Machine learning techniques achieved high accuracy in differentiating suicide attempters from non-attempters.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emma Tassi, Eleonora Maggioni, Maddalena Mauri, Corrado Fagnani, Nivedita Agarwal, Anna Maria Bianchi, Maria A. Stazi, Maria Nobile, Paolo Brambilla
Summary: The brain's resting state networks (RSN) exhibit inter-individual variability in large-scale functional networks, reflecting the combined effects of genes and environment. This study used twin design to explore the developmental determinants of RSN characteristics. The results showed varied genetic and environmental effects on brain functional connections, with a predominant role of the unique environment on multi-scale RSN characteristics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Lorenzo Del Fabro, Elena Bondi, Francesca Serio, Eleonora Maggioni, Armando D'Agostino, Paolo Brambilla
Summary: In this study, machine learning (ML) studies on predicting treatment outcomes in psychosis were reviewed. Various neuroimaging and clinical features were used in ML models, showing good accuracies in predicting response to antipsychotic treatment. By combining different features, the predictive value can be improved. However, limitations such as small sample sizes and a lack of replication tests were observed.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mariagrazia Palladini, Mario Gennaro Mazza, Andrea Scalabrini, Patrizia Rovere Querini, Sara Poletti, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: COVID-19 survivors experience intense depressive and post-traumatic symptoms in the sub-acute stages. Survivor guilt may contribute to the development of post-COVID psychiatric implications. This study aims to uncover the affective mechanism behind these implications by examining the association between survivor guilt, psychopathology, and maladaptive attributional style. The study evaluated symptoms of depression, post-traumatic distress, and sleep disturbances in 195 COVID-19 survivors one month after discharge.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marco Paolini, Yasmin Harrington, Laura Raffaelli, Sara Poletti, Raffaella Zanardi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: This study investigated the impact of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on treatment response in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients, and the influence of sex and hippocampal volume on this relationship. The results showed that NLR had a different effect on treatment response in females compared to males. Additionally, NLR negatively affected hippocampal volume in females, and hippocampal volume partially mediated the effect of NLR on treatment response in females.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marco Paolini, Yasmin Harrington, Federica Colombo, Valentina Bettonagli, Sara Poletti, Matteo Carminati, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti, Raffaella Zanardi
Summary: A study found that there is a correlation between MRI imaging and treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study analyzed MRI scans of 100 patients and found that lower grey matter volumes, particularly in the hippocampus and temporal lobe-related areas, were associated with worse treatment outcomes. Functional connectivity patterns were also found to be related to treatment response.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafaela C. Cordeiro, Camila N. C. Lima, Gabriel R. Fries, Giovana Zunta-Soares, Jair C. Soares, Joao Quevedo, Giselli Scaini
Summary: This study investigates the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on bipolar disorder (BD). The study finds that BD patients have a lower mitochondrial health index (MHI) compared to non-psychiatry controls, with a negative correlation between MHI and cell-free mtDNA levels. The study further reveals that MHI is related to the expression of mitochondria quality control (MQC) proteins, and a longer illness duration, worse functional status, and higher depressive symptoms are associated with lower MHI and higher cell-free mtDNA levels.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Letter
Criminology & Penology
Lorenzo Fregna, Francesco Attanasio, Guido Travaini, Cristina Colombo
VIOLENCE AND GENDER
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Maya Jammoul, Dareen Jammoul, Kevin K. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Ralph G. Depalma
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) may stimulate the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) and discusses the interaction between these two processes. CNS damage due to TBI appears to drive adverse effects of subsequent OUD, with pain being a risk factor for opioid use after TBI.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Danusa Mar Arcego, Jan-Paul Buschdorf, Nicholas O'Toole, Zihan Wang, Barbara Barth, Irina Pokhvisneva, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Sachin Patel, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Patrick Lee, Jennifer Tan, Ming Xuan Koh, Chu Ming Sim, Carine Parent, Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Andrew Clappison, Kieran J. O'Donnell, Carla Dalmaz, Janine Arloth, Nadine Provencal, Elisabeth B. Binder, Josie Diorio, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Michael J. Meaney
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental influences on mental health by integrating transcriptomic data from animal models with human data. The results suggest that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Milenna T. van Dijk, Ardesheer Talati, Pratik Kashyap, Karan Desai, Nora C. Kelsall, Marc J. Gameroff, Natalie Aw, Eyal Abraham, Breda Cullen, Jiook Cha, Christoph Anacker, Myrna M. Weissman, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found that maternal stress is associated with future depressive symptoms and alterations in microstructure of the dentate gyrus (DG) in offspring. These results were consistent across two independent cohorts.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Josephine C. McGowan, Liliana R. Ladner, Claire X. Shubeck, Juliana Tapia, Christina T. LaGamma, Amanda Anqueira-Gonzalez, Ariana DeFrancesco, Briana K. Chen, Holly C. Hunsberger, Ezra J. Sydnor, Ryan W. Logan, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Steven G. Kernie, Christine A. Denny
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to fear generalization by altering fear memory traces, and this symptom can be improved with (R,S)-ketamine.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)