Article
Neurosciences
Anna-Maria Grob, Branka Milivojevic, Arjen Alink, Christian F. Doeller, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memories are not stored in isolation. Insight into the relationship of initially unrelated events may trigger a flexible reconfiguration of the mnemonic representation of these events. However, stress impairs this process and leads to fragmented memories in PTSD. In this study, acute stress was found to reduce brain activity and disrupt the reconfiguration of memories, but interestingly, it enhanced long-term memory performance. These findings have implications for understanding memory distortions in stress-related mental disorders.
Review
Neurosciences
Cen Yang, He Chen, Yuji Naya
Summary: For living organisms, acquiring information about the external space is crucial for future actions. This review focuses on the brain mechanisms in nonhuman primates that link self-referenced and allocentric spatial representations. It proposes two types of neural substrates - view-center background signals and hippocampal neurons' dynamic activity - that facilitate the translation of stored location memory from an allocentric frame to a first-person perspective.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ana Elisa Sousa, Yacine Mahdid, Mathieu Brodeur, Martin Lepage
Summary: The Method of Loci (MoL) training protocol was tested on healthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia, showing improvement only in the former group. The lack of significant memory enhancement in the schizophrenia group may be attributed to difficulties in method utilization and fatigue, highlighting the need for alternative strategies tailored to cognitive impairments in this population.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Min Tae M. Park, Peter Jeon, Ali R. Khan, Kara Dempster, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Jason P. Lerch, Michael MacKinley, Jean Theberge, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: The study suggests disrupted serotonergic and glutamatergic signaling play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly affecting the hippocampus. It found reduced hippocampal volumes and specific subfields in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, with gene expression showing correlations between serotonin and glutamate receptor genes.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhemeng Wu, Mark J. J. Buckley
Summary: A number of recent studies have raised controversy about the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in working memory (WM), traditionally associated with long-term memory. Factors such as stimulus set-size and feature complexity influence MTL's involvement in WM. Additionally, process-specific theories highlight the dissociations within MTL for recognition memory. Understanding the interactions between MTL and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in WM neural mechanisms is crucial for the advancement of knowledge in this area.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lea Chauveau, Elizabeth Kuhn, Cassandre Palix, Francesca Felisatti, Valentin Ourry, Vincent de La Sayette, Gael Chetelat, Robin de Flores
Summary: Studying the subregions of the medial temporal lobe is crucial for distinguishing age-related changes from Alzheimer's disease, with the findings highlighting the significant role of these subregions in cognitive functioning.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jax Skye, Joel Bruss, Guillaume Herbet, Daniel Tranel, Aaron D. Boes
Summary: Time orientation is a cognitive process that matches personal sense of time with a universal reference. This study investigates the neural correlates of time disorientation in patients with brain lesions. The findings suggest that lesions in the precuneus, medial temporal lobes, and occipito-temporal cortex are associated with time disorientation.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Juan R. Bustillo, Elizabeth G. Mayer, Joel Upston, Thomas Jones, Crystal Garcia, Sulaiman Sheriff, Andrew Maudsley, Mauricio Tohen, Charles Gasparovic, Rhoshel Lenroot
Summary: Research has shown that patients with schizophrenia have higher Glx levels in the right cingulate gyrus compared to patients with bipolar-I disorder. Additionally, patients with schizophrenia also showed higher levels of various metabolites compared to bipolar-I patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Sidney Yap, Jessica Luki, Christopher C. Hanstock, Peter Seres, Tami Shandro, Sarah E. C. Hanstock, Alynna Lirette, Huaying (Helen) Zhao, Katherine J. Aitchison, Jean-Michel Le Melledo
Summary: The study found that perimenopause is associated with decreases in MPFC Glu levels, which may contribute to the increased risk of experiencing depression during this period. Further research should focus on assessing MPFC Glu levels in perimenopausal women suffering from MD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Jeon, Michael Mackinley, Jean Theberge, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: Research using 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy found a significant reduction in myo-inositol concentration in the ACC of untreated early-stage schizophrenia patients, which became insignificant over time with early intervention. This trajectory suggests dynamic astroglial changes in the early stages of schizophrenia, with MRS myo-inositol potentially serving as a critical marker for symptom improvement in early schizophrenia stages.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Beata R. Godlewska, Amedeo Minichino, Uzay Emir, Ilinca Angelescu, Belinda Lennox, Masa Micunovic, Oliver Howes, Philip J. Cowen
Summary: Abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission are associated with psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Ultra-high-field MRS provides greater precision in measuring glutamate, particularly in differentiating it from glutamine. Lower concentrations of glutamate and glutamine were found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of young men with early psychosis, and a strong correlation between ACC glutamate concentration and cognitive performance was observed in these patients. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and explore the link between ACC glutamate and cognitive function in larger samples.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prashant Tibrewal, Pramod C. Nair, Karen J. Gregory, Christopher J. Langmead, Sherry Kit Wa Chan, Tarun Bastiampillai
Summary: Behavioural supersensitivity may be caused by increased glutamate sensitivity and reduced dopamine sensitivity of D2-MSN. We propose that clozapine may address this issue by modulating glutamate activity, which may explain its unique effectiveness in treating treatment resistant schizophrenia.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katie M. Lavigne, Delphine Raucher-Chene, Michael D. Bodnar, Carolina Makowski, Ridha Joober, Ashok Malla, Alan C. Evans, Martin Lepage
Summary: This study found distinct structural brain changes associated with persistent negative symptoms (PNS) in the left medial temporal lobe (MTL) and suggests that basal ganglia alterations may contribute to PNS regardless of their etiology. Reductions in left MTL volume were most evident after 1 year of treatment, highlighting the importance of targeted early interventions.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcel Bausch, Johannes Niediek, Thomas P. Reber, Sina Mackay, Jan Bostroem, Christian E. Elger, Florian Mormann
Summary: This study recorded concept neurons in the brains of epilepsy patients and found that some of these neurons responded to non-preferred concepts when they required comparison to a preferred concept. The firing patterns of concept neurons were shown to encode relationships between concepts during tasks, supporting recent theories of working memory.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bernardo Stutz, Michael J. Waterson, Matija Sestan-Pesa, Marcelo O. Dietrich, Mario Skarica, Nenad Sestan, Bence Racz, Aletta Magyar, Peter Sotonyi, Zhong-Wu Liu, Xiao-Bing Gao, Ferenc Matyas, Milan Stoiljkovic, Tamas L. Horvath
Summary: This study reveals the important role of hypothalamic AgRP neurons in the control of neuronal pathways that regulate higher-order brain functions during development and adulthood. Impairment or inhibition of AgRP neurons leads to changes in the medial prefrontal cortex, affecting network activity, sensorimotor gating, and ambulatory behavior. These effects are transduced via dopaminergic neurons and may also involve medial thalamic neurons.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Flavia M. Wehrle, Melanie Furrer, Maria Feldmann, Rabia Liamlahi, Nadja Naef, Ruth O'Gorman, Beatrice Latal, Reto Huber
Summary: Working memory is frequently impaired in children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), but little is known about the functional neuronal correlates. This study investigated whether functional networks of working memory abilities are altered in children with complex CHD using EEG recordings during sleep. The findings suggest that sleep slow wave activity (SWA) reliably maps working memory networks in children with complex CHD and that these functional networks are generally preserved in these patients.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Melanie Ehrler, Peter Brugger, Matthias Greutmann, Ladina Schlosser, Flavia M. Wehrle, Rabia Liamlahi, Nadja Naef, Oliver Kretschmar, Ruth Tuura O'Gorman, Beatrice Latal
Summary: Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients have alterations in cerebral white matter microstructure (WMM) that do not change with age. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter tracts is associated with executive function (EF) impairments in CHD patients. CHD complexity, parental education, and specific white matter tracts' FA also contribute to EF impairments.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Heiko Pohl, Patrik Wyss, Peter S. Sandor, Jean Schoenen, Roger Luechinger, Ruth O'Gorman, Franz Riederer, Andreas R. Gantenbein, Lars Michels
Summary: This study examined the levels of GABA and GLX in the early visual cortex of episodic migraine patients and their response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS reduced the concentration of GABA but not GLX or migraine frequency immediately after the stimulation, although this effect was not observed 4 months later. The changes in GABA levels in the early visual cortex during the interictal period suggest that tDCS may have an impact on migraine frequency.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sameer Jauhar, Paolo Fusar-Poli, David Foreman
Summary: The randomised controlled trial examines the effects of reducing and discontinuing antipsychotics on social functioning and continued use in schizophrenia patients. However, methodological issues mentioned in the trial protocol could potentially impact the interpretation of the findings, such as non-blinded outcome measurement, treatment as usual comparator, and possible sample size problems.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ben J. Sutlieff, Jayne L. Birkby, Jordan M. Stone, David S. Doelman, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Vatsal Panwar, Alexander J. Bohn, Steve Ertel, Frans Snik, Charles E. Woodward, Andrew J. Skemer, Jarron M. Leisenring, Klaus G. Strassmeier, David Charbonneau
Summary: A novel approach combining high-cadence differential spectrophotometric monitoring with the dgvAPP360 coronagraph is used to make ground-based light curves of directly imaged companions. The precision of ground-based high-contrast imaging light curves is significantly improved, reaching a level suitable for mapping storms or finding exomoons around giant exoplanets.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Andres Estrade, Juliana Onwumere, Jemma Venables, Lorenzo Gilardi, Ana Cabrera, Joseba Rico, Arif Hoque, Jummy Otaiku, Nicholas Hunter, Peter Keri, Lily Kpodo, Charlene Sunkel, Jianan Bao, David Shiers, Ilaria Bonoldi, Elizabeth Kuipers, Paolo Fusar-Poli
Summary: Informal caregivers of individuals with psychotic disorder have significant experiences that deserve recognition and support in the recovery process. Through a bottom-up review of first-person accounts, we identified key themes related to dealing with the disorder, navigating healthcare systems, and fighting stigma. The voices of relatives and carers provide valuable insights throughout the different stages of the disorder, and mental health professionals should actively acknowledge and support their contributions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kate Merritt, Robert McCutcheon, Andre Aleman, Sarah Ashley, Katherine Beck, Wolfgang Block, Oswald J. N. Bloemen, Faith Borgan, Christiana Boules, Juan R. Bustillo, Aristides Capizzano, Jennifer Q. Coughlin, Anthony David, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Arsime Demjaha, Kara Dempster, Kim Do, Fei E. Du, Peter Falkai, Beata Galinska-Skok, Juergen Gallinat, Charles Gasparovic, Cedric E. Ginestet, Naoki Goto, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Beng-Choon Ho, Oliver Howes, Sameer Jauhar, Peter Jeon, Tadafumi Kato, Charles A. Kaufmann, Lawrence S. Kegeles, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Sang-Young Kim, Bridget King, Hiroshi Kunugi, J. Lauriello, Pablo Leon-Ortiz, Edith Liemburg, Meghan Mcilwain, Gemma Modinos, Elias Mouchlianitis, Jun Nakamura, Igor Nenadic, Dost Ongur, Miho Ota, Lena E. Palaniyappan, Christos Pantelis, Tulsi F. Patel, Eric Plitman, Sotirios R. Posporelis, Scot Purdon, Juergen R. Reichenbach, Perry C. Renshaw, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Bruce A. Russell, Akira Sawa, Martin Schaefer, Dikoma C. Shungu, Stefan Smesny, Jeffrey Stanley, James G. Stone, Agata Szulc, Reggie Taylor, Katharine N. Thakkar, Jean J. Theberge, Philip Tibbo, Therese van Amelsvoort, Jerzy Walecki, Peter Williamson, Stephen Wood, Lijing Xin, Hidenori Yamasue, Philip K. McGuire, Alice Egerton
Summary: This study conducted meta-analyses and found that patients with schizophrenia have greater variability in glutamate metabolites compared to controls in various brain regions, and age and symptoms also influence individual variability.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fiona Coutts, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Philip McGuire
Summary: Precision psychiatry is an approach that aims to stratify individuals with psychotic disorders according to different clinical outcomes and tailor treatment to their individual needs. Currently, it is difficult to predict interindividual differences in outcomes of psychotic disorders solely on the basis of clinical assessment. Therefore, current research focuses on building models that integrate clinical information with a range of biological measures to predict outcomes.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andre Zugman, Luz Maria Alliende, Vicente Medel, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Jakob Seidlitz, Grace Ringlein, Celso Arango, Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Laila Asmal, Mark Bellgrove, Vivek Benegal, Miquel Bernardo, Pablo Billeke, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Rodrigo Bressan, Geraldo F. Busatto, Mariana N. Castro, Tiffany Chaim-Avancini, Albert Compte, Monise Costanzi, Leticia Czepielewski, Paola Dazzan, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Marta Di Forti, Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja, Ana Maria Diaz-Zuluaga, Stefan Du Plessis, Fabio L. S. Duran, Sol Fittipaldi, Alex Fornito, Nelson B. Freimer, Ary Gadelha, Clarissa S. Gama, Ranjini Garani, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Cecilia Gonzalez Campo, Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama, Salvador Guinjoan, Bharath Holla, Agustin Ibanez, Daniza Ivanovic, Andrea Jackowski, Pablo Leon-Ortiz, Christine Lochner, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Hilmar Luckhoff, Raffael Massuda, Philip McGuire, Jun Miyataaaa, Romina Mizrahi, Robin Murray, Aysegul Ozerdem, Pedro M. Pan, Mara Parellada, Lebogan Phahladira, Juan P. Ramirez-Mahalu, Ramiro Reckziegel, Tiago Reis Marques, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Annerine Roos, Pedro Rosa, Giovanni Salum, Freda Scheffler, Gunter Schumann, Mauricio Serpa, Dan J. Stein, Angeles Tepper, Jeggan Tiego, Tsukasa Ueno, Juan Undurraga, Eduardo A. Undurrag, Pedro Valdes-Sosaooo, Isabel Valliy, Mirta Villarrealu, Toby T. Winton-Brownrrr, Nefize Yalin, Francisco Zamorano, Marcus V. Zanetti, Anderson M. Winkler, Daniel S. Pine, Sara Evans-Lacko, Nicolas A. Crossley
Summary: Gender inequality has been linked to higher mental health risks and lower academic achievement for women globally. Differences in brain structure between men and women may be partially explained by unequal exposure to harsher conditions in gender-unequal countries, leading to worse outcomes for women. A meta-analysis of MRI scans from 139 samples across 29 countries revealed that women in gender-equal countries had no differences or even thicker cortical regions, while those in countries with greater gender inequality had thinner cortices. These findings highlight the potential negative impact of gender inequality on women's brains and the need for policies based on neuroscience for gender equality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucy A. Chester, Lucia R. Valmaggia, Matthew J. Kempton, Edward Chesney, Dominic Oliver, Emily P. Hedges, Elise Klatsa, Daniel Stahl, Mark van der Gaag, Lieuwe de Haan, Barnaby Nelson, Patrick McGorry, G. Paul Amminger, Anita Riecher-Rossler, Erich Studerus, Rodrigo Bressan, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Marie-Odile Krebs, Birte Glenthoj, Merete Nordentoft, Stephan Ruhrmann, Gabriele Sachs, Philip McGuire
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cannabis use and the incidence of psychotic disorders in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis. The results showed no significant association between cannabis use and the transition to psychosis, persistence of symptoms, or functional outcome.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Muhammad Shamim Ahmed, Daisy Kornblum, Dominic Oliver, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Rashmi Patel
Summary: This study aims to investigate the associations between remote mental healthcare and clinical outcomes by analyzing a large electronic health record dataset. The study will analyze clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and compare the clinical outcomes of remote versus in-person assessments. Additionally, natural language processing will be used to analyze the content differences between remote and in-person assessments.
Article
Psychiatry
Viktoriya L. Nikolova, Anthony J. Cleare, Allan H. Young, James M. Stone
Summary: This study aims to assess the acceptability and tolerability of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) and estimate its treatment effect on clinical symptoms. The results showed that the probiotic group had better improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to the placebo group, and the treatment approach was well accepted and tolerated.
Article
Psychiatry
Sameer Jauhar, Robert A. McCutcheon, Mattia Veronese, Faith Borgan, Matthew Nour, Maria Rogdaki, Fiona Pepper, James M. Stone, Alice Egerton, George Vamvakas, Federico Turkheimer, Philip K. McGuire, Oliver D. Howes
Summary: The study aimed to measure the effect of antipsychotics on dopamine synthesis and glutamate concentrations in individuals with psychosis. The results showed that antipsychotic treatment did not significantly affect glutamate concentrations or dopamine synthesis capacity, but did alter the relationship between glutamate and dopamine.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Duncan C. Humphries, Richard A. O'Connor, Hazel L. Stewart, Tom M. Quinn, Erin E. Gaughan, Beth Mills, Gareth O. S. Williams, James M. Stone, Keith Finlayson, Martine Chabaud-Riou, Florence Boudet, Kevin Dhaliwal, Vincent Pavot
Summary: This study developed a novel method combining ex vivo lung ventilation and fibre-based optical endomicroscopy to detect in situ lymphocyte tissue residency markers in human lungs. This method has significant implications for both research and clinical applications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Jacqueline F. I. Anderson, Lana Higson, Michelle H. Wu, Marc L. Seal, Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
Summary: This study found that cerebral microhaemorrhages are more common in individuals after a single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) event. It also revealed a linear relationship between the number of microhaemorrhages and cognition or symptom reporting after injury. These findings suggest that mTBI has a lasting impact on the brain, which can be detected using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Maya Jammoul, Dareen Jammoul, Kevin K. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Ralph G. Depalma
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) may stimulate the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) and discusses the interaction between these two processes. CNS damage due to TBI appears to drive adverse effects of subsequent OUD, with pain being a risk factor for opioid use after TBI.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Danusa Mar Arcego, Jan-Paul Buschdorf, Nicholas O'Toole, Zihan Wang, Barbara Barth, Irina Pokhvisneva, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Sachin Patel, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Patrick Lee, Jennifer Tan, Ming Xuan Koh, Chu Ming Sim, Carine Parent, Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Andrew Clappison, Kieran J. O'Donnell, Carla Dalmaz, Janine Arloth, Nadine Provencal, Elisabeth B. Binder, Josie Diorio, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Michael J. Meaney
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental influences on mental health by integrating transcriptomic data from animal models with human data. The results suggest that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Milenna T. van Dijk, Ardesheer Talati, Pratik Kashyap, Karan Desai, Nora C. Kelsall, Marc J. Gameroff, Natalie Aw, Eyal Abraham, Breda Cullen, Jiook Cha, Christoph Anacker, Myrna M. Weissman, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found that maternal stress is associated with future depressive symptoms and alterations in microstructure of the dentate gyrus (DG) in offspring. These results were consistent across two independent cohorts.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Josephine C. McGowan, Liliana R. Ladner, Claire X. Shubeck, Juliana Tapia, Christina T. LaGamma, Amanda Anqueira-Gonzalez, Ariana DeFrancesco, Briana K. Chen, Holly C. Hunsberger, Ezra J. Sydnor, Ryan W. Logan, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Steven G. Kernie, Christine A. Denny
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to fear generalization by altering fear memory traces, and this symptom can be improved with (R,S)-ketamine.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)