Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas M. Barber, Ioannis Kyrou, Harpal S. Randeva, Martin O. Weickert
Summary: Obesity leads to the development of insulin resistance, which in turn causes various metabolic consequences. Insulin resistance is associated with multiple complex pathogenic pathways, including chronic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Lifestyle optimization, such as regular physical activity, improved diet, and sufficient sleep, can effectively reverse insulin resistance without medication intervention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Todosenko, Olga Khaziakhmatova, Vladimir Malashchenko, Kristina Yurova, Maria Bograya, Maria Beletskaya, Maria Vulf, Natalia Gazatova, Larisa Litvinova
Summary: Metabolic syndrome acts as a precursor to major health diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which have high mortality rates in industrialized countries. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, leading to tissue hypoxia, disruption of mitochondrial integrity, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and decreased ATP levels, resulting in chronic inflammation affecting tissues and organs. The mitochondrial protease Lon (Lonp1) shows potential as a molecular target for the development of targeted therapy for metabolic syndrome and its components due to its broad spectrum of activities, including protein degradation, chaperone activity, and mitochondrial DNA binding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henver S. Brunetta, Heather L. Petrick, Iman Momken, Rachel M. Handy, Christopher Pignanelli, Everson A. Nunes, Jerome Piquereau, Mathias Mericskay, Graham P. Holloway
Summary: Dietary nitrate supplementation improves glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics through AMPK and SIRT1 signaling in obesity and insulin resistance models.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vlad Florian Avram, Adrian Petru Merce, Iasmina Maria Hancu, Alina Doru Batran, Gabrielle Kennedy, Mariana Georgeta Rosca, Danina Mirela Muntean
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the development of obesity and diabetes mellitus. High-resolution respirometry is a valuable research method for studying mitochondrial respiration and its impairment. This review discusses the changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics in dysfunctional organs that contribute to the development of obesity and diabetes in both animals and humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mi Jeong Heo, Ji Ho Suh, Sung Ho Lee, Kyle L. Poulsen, Yu A. An, Bhagavatula Moorthy, Sean M. Hartig, David D. Moore, Kang Ho Kim
Summary: This study identifies a new role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in regulating mitophagy and maintaining hepatic energy homeostasis. AhR inhibition leads to decreased mitochondrial respiration and impaired fasting response of autophagy genes and mitophagy process. The mitophagy receptor BNIP3 is identified as an AhR target gene and its overexpression restores functional mitophagy.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisa Martino, Amalia Luce, Anna Balestrieri, Luigi Mele, Camilla Anastasio, Nunzia D'Onofrio, Maria Luisa Balestrieri, Giuseppe Campanile
Summary: Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to cardiovascular complications. Whey (WH), a dairy by-product with a considerable content of bioactive compounds, showed protective effects on human endothelial cell function under diabetic conditions mimicked in vitro.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Agius, Nikolai Paul Pace, Stephen Fava
Summary: This study found an association between leukocyte mitochondrial copy number and metabolic syndrome as well as adiposity-related body composition phenotypes. The mitochondrial copy number was negatively correlated with obesity-related indicators, lipid metabolism indicators, and inflammation markers. Metabolic syndrome patients had lower mitochondrial copy numbers.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose E. Galgani, Rodrigo Fernandez-Verdejo
Summary: Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are oxidized to produce ATP for energy, and the complex adaptive systems in the body adjust fuel oxidation rates based on fuel availability. Metabolic flexibility refers to the ability of cells, tissues, or organisms to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, which can be impaired in conditions like insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction in these conditions has been linked to metabolic inflexibility and overall metabolic health.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Long Xu, Xiaoyu Yan, Yuanxin Zhao, Jian Wang, Buhan Liu, Sihang Yu, Jiaying Fu, Yanan Liu, Jing Su
Summary: This article discusses the new findings on how obesity induces macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial dysfunction induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria for the treatment of diabetes are also summarized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Andrology
Liwen Wang, Jie Hu, Haiyan Zhou
Summary: Obesity is closely linked to diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, with mitochondrial dysfunction induced by obesity playing a critical role in inflammation and insulin resistance. New findings on how obesity impairs mitochondrial function in macrophages and adipocytes are discussed in this review, along with drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to treat metabolic diseases.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tapan Behl, Rashita Makkar, Md. Khalid Anwer, Rym Hassani, Gulrana Khuwaja, Asaad Khalid, Syam Mohan, Hassan A. Alhazmi, Monika Sachdeva, Mahesh Rachamalla
Summary: Mitochondria are semiautonomous intracellular components involved in metabolism and energy production. Defects in mitochondria lead to chronic cellular diseases. Dysfunctional mitochondria play a critical role in cancer, diabetes, infections, and obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ciaran E. Fealy, Lotte Grevendonk, Joris Hoeks, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
Summary: As the global population ages, there is an increasing number of individuals experiencing age-related loss of independence, with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction playing a key role. Recent research has highlighted the significance of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in disease pathogenesis. More data is needed to identify the specific mechanisms connecting mitochondrial morphology and skeletal muscle dysfunction.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francois Marchildon, Jingyi Chi, Sean O'Connor, Hilary Bediako, Paul Cohen
Summary: This study found that PRDM16 is required for the activation of beige fat in myostatin null mice, but the activation of beige fat is not necessary for the protection from obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in these mice. Increasing muscle mass can compensate for the inactivation of beige fat, suggesting that targeting muscle mass may be a therapeutic approach to mitigate the effects of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julie S. Pedersen, Marte O. Rygg, Karoline Chrois, Elahu G. Sustarsic, Zach Gerhart-Hines, Nicolai J. Wever Albrechtsen, Reza R. Serizawa, Viggo B. Kristiansen, Astrid L. Basse, Astrid E. B. Boilesen, Beth H. Olsen, Torben Hansen, Lise Lotte Gluud, Sten Madsbad, Steen Larsen, Flemming Bendtsen, Flemming Dela
Summary: Impaired mitochondrial function in liver tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis and disease progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with obesity have lower mitochondrial capacity in adipose tissues but higher capacity in the liver, without overall associations to NAFLD severity, and bariatric surgery increases hepatic mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda J. Croft, Conagh Kelly, Dongqing Chen, Tatt Jhong Haw, Aaron L. Sverdlov, Doan T. M. Ngo
Summary: Obesity is associated with various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases, causing increased hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality. Dysfunction of adipose tissue due to chronic nutrient stress can lead to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, hypoxia, and insulin resistance. This study aimed to reduce adipose tissue oxidative stress by overexpressing the antioxidant mitochondrial catalase (mCAT) in adipose tissue to improve systemic metabolic function. The results showed that the AdipoQ-mCAT mice were protected from further metabolic impairment under obesogenic dietary conditions compared to obese wild-type mice, highlighting the critical role of physiological H2O2 signaling in metabolism and adipose tissue function.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Huiyul Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Mimi Kim, Seon Cho, Eun-Hee Nah, Dae Won Jun
Summary: This study investigated the proportion of subjects with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and assessed the fibrosis and cardiovascular risk in metabolically healthy MAFLD subjects. The results showed that 26.6% of MAFLD subjects were metabolically healthy and had comparable fibrosis burden and cardiovascular risk to the healthy control group.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eileen L. Yoon, Huiyul Park, Dae Won Jun
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ahyun Kim, Mimi Kim, Chul-min Lee, Bo-Kyeong Kang, Dae Won Jun
Summary: This study aims to determine the best liver segments representing the whole-liver fat fraction (FF) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measurement of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF). The study found considerable heterogeneity in hepatic steatosis between each segment of the liver, and the variability was significantly affected by the volume-weighted FF. The mean hepatic FF from segments V, VI, and IV could be used to estimate the volume-weighted FF of the whole liver, not only in the general population but also in patients with moderate or severe fatty liver.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yoshihiro Kamada, Takahiro Nakamura, Satoko Isobe, Kumiko Hosono, Yukiko Suama, Yukie Ohtakaki, Arihito Nauchi, Naoto Yasuda, Soh Mitsuta, Kouichi Miura, Takuma Yamamoto, Tatsunori Hosono, Akihiro Yoshida, Ippei Kawanishi, Hideaki Fukushima, Masao Kinoshita, Atsushi Umeda, Yuichi Kinoshita, Kana Fukami, Toshio Miyawaki, Hideki Fujii, Yuichi Yoshida, Miwa Kawanaka, Hideyuki Hyogo, Asahiro Morishita, Hideki Hayashi, Hiroshi Tobita, Kengo Tomita, Tadashi Ikegami, Hirokazu Takahashi, Masato Yoneda, Dae Won Jun, Yoshio Sumida, Takeshi Okanoue, Atsushi Nakajima, JANIT Forum
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver fibrosis degree is now considered a prognostic factor for NAFLD/NASH. However, the invasive and costly nature of liver biopsy, as well as the inter-observer diagnosis variability, poses challenges. To address these issues, various noninvasive tests (NITs) including blood biomarkers and imaging methods have been developed for NAFLD assessment. The Japan NASH NIT (JANIT) Forum aims to promote the development of NITs for assessing disease severity and treatment response through multi-stakeholder dialogue and open innovation.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Won-Mook Choi, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, W. Ray Kim, Leland J. Yee, Craig Brooks-Rooney, Tristan Curteis, Harriet Cant, Chien-Hung Chen, Chi-Yi Chen, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Young-Joo Jin, Dae Won Jun, Jin-Woo Kim, Neung Hwa Park, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Hyun Phil Shin, Woo Shin, Yao-Hsu Yang, Young-Suk Lim
Summary: This study compared the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus entecavir (ETV) treatment. The results showed that patients receiving TDF had a significantly lower HCC risk, especially those with HBeAg positivity.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Young Eun Chon, Aejeong Jo, Eileen L. Yoon, Jonghyun Lee, Ho Gyun Shin, Min Jung Ko, Dae Won Jun
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the nationwide incidence and care cascade status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea. The new HCV infection rate in Korea was 17.2 per 100,000 person-years in 2019, with the highest rate in patients aged 50 to 59 years. Among newly infected HCV patients, the linkage to care rate was 78.2% and the treatment rate was 58.1% within 1.5 years.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Huiyul Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Mimi Kim, Sun-Hong Kwon, Dae Won Jun, Hye-Lin Kim
Article
Microbiology
Ji-Hee Shin, Yoonmi Lee, Eun-Ji Song, Dokyung Lee, Seo-Yul Jang, Hye Rim Byeon, Moon-Gi Hong, Sang-Nam Lee, Hyun-Jin Kim, Jae-Gu Seo, Dae Won Jun, Young-Do Nam
Summary: This study found that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathophysiology of NASH, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii can alleviate NASH symptoms. The administration of F. prausnitzii improved metabolism, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and restored damaged gut barrier functions in NASH mice. These findings suggest that F. prausnitzii has the potential to be used as a next-generation probiotic for the treatment of NASH.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jihye Kim, Moon Haeng Hur, Seung Up Kim, Jin-Wook Kim, Dong Hyun Sinn, Hyun Woong Lee, Moon Young Kim, Jae Youn Cheong, Yong Jin Jung, Han Ah Lee, Young-Joo Jin, Jun Sik Yoon, Sung-Jae Park, Chang Hun Lee, In Hee Kim, June Sung Lee, Young Youn Cho, Hyung Joon Kim, Soo Young Park, Yeon Seok Seo, Hyunwoo Oh, Dae Won Jun, Mi Na Kim, Young Chang, Jae Young Jang, Sang Youn Hwang, Yoon Jun Kim
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B. The study found that the two antivirals had similar efficacy in preventing HCC and had comparable rates of other outcomes. However, the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group had more side effects, leading to some patients needing to switch initial antiviral medications.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Gi-Ae Kim, Hyun Chin Cho, Soung Won Jeong, Bo-Kyeong Kang, Mimi Kim, Seungwon Jung, Jungwook Hwang, Eileen L. Yoon, Dae Won Jun
Summary: Preclinical data have shown that ALS-L1023, an herbal extract from Melissa officinalis, can reduce visceral fat and hepatic steatosis. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of ALS-L1023 as a treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that ALS-L1023 could significantly reduce hepatic fat content and improve liver stiffness in patients with NAFLD, with no significant differences in adverse events among the study groups.
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eileen Laurel Yoon, Dae Won Jun
CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joo Hyun Oh, Dae Won Jun
CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sang Yi Moon, Yang Hyun Baek, Se Young Jang, Dae Won Jun, Ki Tae Yoon, Young Youn Cho, Hoon Gil Jo, Ae Jeong Jo
Summary: This study compared the diagnostic performance of serum M2BPGi and other serological panels in the diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, and proposed an improved two-step diagnostic algorithm. The results showed that serum M2BPGi performed well in predicting the stage of liver fibrosis, and the algorithm can improve the diagnostic accuracy of fibrosis and reduce unnecessary tests.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ju Hee Oh, Waqar Khalid Saeed, Hye Young Kim, Seung Min Lee, A. Hyeon Lee, Gye Ryeol Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Dae Won Jun
Summary: This study found that MLKL level is higher in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) avoid necroptosis and are activated through autophagosome and NF-kappa B pathways under necroptotic stimuli.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Huiyul Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Mimi Kim, Jonghyun Lee, Hye-Lin Kim, Seon Cho, Eun-Hee Nah, Dae Won Jun
Summary: The FIB-4 index and the NAFLD fibrosis score can be used as noninvasive screening methods for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. This study found that the performance of FIB-4 in at-risk individuals at health check-up centers was similar to that observed in patients with NAFLD.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)