Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael D. Guile, Akash Jain, Kyle A. Anderson, Catherine F. Clarke
Summary: Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipid that plays multiple cellular functions, including cellular respiration, antioxidant protection, redox homeostasis, and ferroptosis suppression. Deficiencies in CoQ can be ameliorated by high-dose supplementation, and understanding its uptake and transport can improve clinical use and deficiency treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CoQ uptake and intracellular distribution in yeast, mammalian cell culture, rodent models, and organism level absorption. The literature suggests that CoQ uptake and distribution are complex processes involving the endomembrane system and newly identified lipid transporters, with impairment causing significant effects on metabolism and stress response. Furthermore, significant gaps in our understanding of CoQ distribution within the cell are identified, suggesting future research directions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Diego Hernandez-Camacho, Laura Garcia-Corzo, Daniel Jose Moreno Fernandez-Ayala, Placido Navas, Guillermo Lopez-Lluch
Summary: Coenzyme Q is a crucial lipidic molecule essential for maintaining aerobic metabolism, promoting ATP synthesis in mitochondria, exerting antioxidant functions in cellular membranes, regulating cellular redox homeostasis, and controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Its levels and reactions play important roles in aging, age-associated metabolic disorders, and combating diseases, as well as enhancing physical performance in aging individuals.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Torsak Tippairote, Geir Bjorklund, Amin Gasmi, Yuliya Semenova, Massimiliano Peana, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Tony Hangan
Summary: Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) plays a crucial role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane antioxidant protection. Low circulating levels of CoQ(10) are associated with specific medical conditions. Previous studies on oral CoQ(10) supplementation have shown inconsistent outcomes. Supplementation trials in elders have reported favorable outcomes, but single interventions were less promising in patients with worsening metabolic statuses and multiple nutrient insufficiencies. Mixed CoQ(10) supplementation with other nutrients showed more promising impacts in hosts with compromised nutrient reserves. However, both single and combined interventions were less promising in conditions with established damage. The decision to take supplementation varied based on individuals' metabolic status and nutrient reserves.
Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan Tai, Rachel M. Guerra, Sean W. Rogers, Zixiang Fang, Laura K. Muehlbauer, Evgenia Shishkova, Katherine A. Overmyer, Joshua J. Coon, David J. Pagliarini
Summary: The study reveals that Hem25p, a mitochondrial glycine transporter required for haem biosynthesis, also acts as an isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, playing a crucial role in coenzyme Q synthesis.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jana Krizova, Martina Hulkova, Vaclav Capek, Petr Mlejnek, Jan Silhavy, Marketa Tesarova, Jiri Zeman, Hana Hansikova
Summary: Research findings suggest significant changes in over 1000 mitochondrial genes in both rat liver and skeletal muscle, with the most pronounced shift occurring at least two days before birth in rat liver. Evaluation of Coenzyme Q in both rat and human tissues shows a significant increase in total CoQ content and mitochondrial metabolism postnatally, potentially regulated by COQ8A kinase.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Ferramosca, Vincenzo Zara
Summary: Yeast mitochondrial carriers play a crucial role in cellular metabolism by connecting mitochondrial and cytosolic reactions, contributing to various important metabolic pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal, Silvia de la Cruz-Ares, Jose D. Torres-Pena, Juan F. Alcala-Diaz, Elena M. Yubero-Serrano, Jose Lopez-Miranda
Summary: CoQ(10) plays a key role in the electron transport chain and acts as an antioxidant, deficiency of which can lead to chronic and age-related diseases, particularly in cardiovascular diseases. Clinical trials have analyzed the effect of CoQ(10) supplementation as a therapeutic approach to improve deficiencies in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Chia-Jui Hsu, Wang-Tso Lee
Summary: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for mitochondrial energy synthesis and extramitochondrial functions. Primary CoQ10 deficiency, caused by interruption of CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway, can be caused by COQ4 variants. The disease shows clinical heterogeneity with a wide range of symptoms and onset ages. Treatment mainly involves oral CoQ10 supplement.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Isabell Cordts, Luisa Semmler, Jannik Prasuhn, Annette Seibt, Diran Herebian, Tharsini Navaratnarajah, Joohyun Park, Natalie Deininger, Lucia Laugwitz, Sophia L. Goericke, Paul Lingor, Norbert Brueggemann, Alexander Muenchau, Matthis Synofzik, Dagmar Timmann, Johannes A. Mayr, Tobias B. Haack, Felix Distelmaier, Marcus Deschauer
Summary: Bi-allelic variants in the COQ4 gene were found to cause an adult-onset ataxia-spasticity spectrum phenotype, and the disease course was milder than previously reported.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan H. Murray, Christopher R. M. Asquith, Zixiang Fang, Michael P. East, Naomi Ptak, Robert W. Smith, James D. Vasta, Chad A. Zimprich, Cesear R. Corona, Matthew B. Robers, Gary L. Johnson, Craig A. Bingman, David J. Pagliarini
Summary: In this study, a selective inhibitor for COQ8A was developed and characterized using crystallography, activity assays, and cellular measurements. This chemical tool provides insights into the activities of understudied proteins and offers potential therapeutic strategies for human diseases associated with their dysfunction.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Janaina A. Paulela, Fernando Gomes, Vittoria de Lima Camandona, Thiago G. P. Alegria, Luis E. S. Netto, Lucas Bleicher, Mario H. Barros, Jose Ribamar Ferreira-Junior
Summary: Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a crucial molecule involved in aerobic growth and its synthesis in yeast depends on multiple proteins. Through molecular modeling and mutagenesis, functional residues of the Coq3p protein can be identified, which play essential roles in CoQ biosynthesis.
FEMS YEAST RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Franchek Drobnic, Ma Antonia Lizarraga, Alberto Caballero-Garcia, Alfredo Cordova
Summary: Evidence suggests that ROS can cause muscular injury and decrease physical performance. Therefore, supplementation with antioxidants is important for physically active individuals to recover from fatigue and prevent exercise damage. Coenzyme Q(10) has shown potential as a supplement for optimizing exercise performance and protecting muscles during exercise.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naig Gueguen, Olivier Baris, Guy Lenaers, Pascal Reynier, Marco Spinazzi
Summary: This article provides an overview of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) distribution in cells and tissues, secondary CoQ deficiency in neurological diseases, and therapeutic strategies for CoQ supplementation. It also discusses improvements in CoQ absorption, formulations, and imaging techniques.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Juan Antonio Porras-Aguera, Jaime Moreno-Garcia, Teresa Garcia-Martinez, Juan Moreno, Juan Carlos Mauricio
Summary: The prise de mousse stage during the elaboration of sparkling wine through the traditional method involves a second fermentation in a sealed bottle, which significantly contributes to the unique organoleptic properties of these wines. This study characterizes the mitochondrial response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used in sparkling wine production and found that CO2 overpressure negatively affects mitochondrion-related proteins. However, proteins involved in wine aromas and respiratory chain are found to be over-represented in sealed bottles, with differences in concentrations observed depending on time and CO2 overpressure parameters. Ethanol content during fermentation may be a key factor in these proteomic changes, highlighting the importance of further research in this area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luca Campisi, Concettina La Motta
Summary: This review summarizes the structural and functional characteristics of coenzyme Q(10) and evaluates its use in individuals affected by fibromyalgia. Through a comprehensive analysis of literature and clinical studies from the past 15 years, the advantages and limitations of this supplement are highlighted.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenchen Bian, Xiangtong Yuan, Caihong Zeng, Jian Sun, Gen Kaneko, Hong Ji
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced apoptosis mediated by mitophagy, using grass carp as an animal model. The results showed that inhibition of mitophagy alleviated apoptosis and eliminated the inhibition of lipid accumulation induced by DHA. Mechanistically, DHA induced mitophagy by activating the PPAR gamma-LC3-BNIP3 pathway. Inhibition of PPAR gamma decreased autophagy-related gene expression and prevented BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy-induced apoptosis, thereby alleviating the inhibition of lipid accumulation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Venkatesan Ramya, Karuppiah Prakash Shyam, Arulanandu Angelmary, Balamuthu Kadalmani
Summary: This study reveals that Lauric acid (LA) exerts an epigenetic regulation and metabolic reprogramming on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through modulation of lncRNA HOTAIR, remodeling of chromatin H3K4 tri-methylation and regulation of glucose uptake by controlling NF-kappa B activation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sreelekshmi Sreekumar, Karyath Palliyath Gangaraj, Manikantan Syamala Kiran
Summary: This study investigates the intricate interplay between angiogenic regulation and the browning of white adipocytes. The findings reveal that concurrent activation of angiogenesis is necessary for inducing browning of white adipocytes. The study also highlights the role of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in promoting angiogenesis and triggering the browning process through the activation of Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) signaling pathway.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zanxia Cao, Liling Zhao, Mingcui Chen, Zhihong Shi, Lei Liu
Summary: This study investigated the translocation process of cholesterol/calcitriol in bacterial membranes and their effects on membrane structure. Calcitriol facilitated water transport across the membrane, while cholesterol had the opposite effect. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between cholesterol/calcitriol concentrations, lipid bilayer structure, and water permeation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaozhen Guo, Jiawen Wang, Hualing Xu, Yangyang Wang, Yutang Cao, Yingquan Wen, Jiaqi Li, Yameng Liu, Kanglong Wang, Jue Wang, Xianchun Zhong, Chuying Sun, Yongxin Zhang, Jingyi Xu, Cuina Li, Pengxiang Mu, Lingyan Xu, Cen Xie
Summary: This study aims to investigate the role of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis in regulating the diurnal rhythms of metabolic homeostasis and assess the impact of obesity on them. The results show that high fat diet feeding and Leptin gene deficiency disrupt the rhythmic patterns of insulin sensitivity and serum total cholesterol levels. The study provides compelling evidence for the association between diurnal rhythm of insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota-bile acid axis, and elucidates the deleterious effects of obesity on gut microbiome-bile acid metabolism.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Pepe, Maria Cotugno, Federico Marracino, Luca Capocci, Ludovica Pizzati, Maurizio Forte, Rosita Stanzione, Pamela Scarselli, Alba Di Pardo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Massimo Volpe, Speranza Rubattu, Vittorio Maglione
Summary: The study found that enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism show abnormal expression in the cardiac tissue of hypertensive rat models, which may be related to the susceptibility to cardiac damage.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)