Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Belinda J. Njiro, Ritah F. Mutagonda, Amisa T. Chamani, Tosi Mwakyandile, Deodatus Sabas, George M. Bwire
Summary: This systematic review examined the prevalence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in African countries. The results showed that chloroquine-resistant parasites continue to disappear in countries where chloroquine has been withdrawn. In areas with significant susceptible parasites, the reintroduction of chloroquine in combination with other antimalarials can be considered.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Laura M. Hagenah, Satish K. Dhingra, Jennifer L. Small-Saunders, Tarrick Qahash, Andreas Willems, Kyra A. Schindler, Gabriel W. Rangel, Eva Gil-Iturbe, Jonathan Kim, Emiliya Akhundova, Tomas Yeo, John Okombo, Filippo Mancia, Matthias Quick, Paul D. Roepe, Manuel Llinas, David A. Fidock
Summary: Efforts to eliminate malaria in Southeast Asia have been hampered by multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. A specific mutation in the PfCRT gene is associated with high-grade resistance to piperaquine, a commonly used antimalarial drug. This mutation not only causes resistance but also affects the growth of the parasite. Recent studies have found additional mutations that compensate for the growth defect caused by the original mutation. Removing drug pressure results in the loss of resistance, highlighting the transient nature of piperaquine resistance.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kennedy Kassaza, Anna C. Long, Jennifer M. McDaniels, Mharlove Andre, Wasswa Fredrickson, Dan Nyehangane, Patrick Orikiriza, Darwin J. Operario, Joel Bazira, Juliet A. Mwanga-Amumpaire, Christopher C. Moore, Jennifer L. Guler, Yap Boum
Summary: Quantitative PCR followed by High-Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis was used to assess pfcrt mutations in clinical samples from Southwestern Uganda. The study showed that the method was flexible and successful in detecting resistance alleles in different types of clinical samples. The predominant haplotype was CVIET in the clinical samples, but there were significant regional variations.
Article
Immunology
Sungano Mharakurwa, Zvifadzo Matsena-Zingoni, Nobert Mudare, Charmaine Matimba, Tanatswa Xuxa Gara, Aramu Makuwaza, Gladys Maponga, Shungu Munyati, Lovemore Gwanzura, Susan L. Mutambu, Peter Mason, Tamaki Kobayashi, Nicholas Midzi, William J. Moss, Matthew M. Ippolito
Summary: The removal of chloroquine from national malaria formularies can lead to a decrease in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, highlighting the significant impact of drug policy on antimalarial resistance in malaria control programs.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nicola Relitti, Stefano Federico, Luca Pozzetti, Stefania Butini, Stefania Lamponi, Donatella Taramelli, Sarah D'Alessandro, Rowena E. Martin, Sarah H. Shafik, Robert L. Summers, Simone K. Babij, Annette Habluetzel, Sofia Tapanelli, Reto Caldelari, Sandra Gemma, Giuseppe Campiani
Summary: Resistance to common malaria therapies remains a significant concern worldwide. Research has shown that certain compounds can partially resensitize chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and new analogues have demonstrated good cytotoxicity against the parasite, with potential inhibitory effects on the PfCRT-mediated transport of chloroquine.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Aymen M. Madkhali, Ahmed A. Abdulhaq, Wahib M. Atroosh, Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani, Khalid Ammash Zain, Khalid Y. Ghailan, Hassan A. Hamali, Abdullah A. Mobarki, Zaki M. Eisa, Yee-Ling Lau, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi
Summary: This study investigated the polymorphism in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene 11 years after chloroquine (CQ) cessation in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. The results showed that about two thirds of the isolates had the pfcrt 76T molecular marker for CQ resistance, while about one third had the CQ-sensitive wild type. The study indicated a potential re-emergence of CQ-susceptible P. falciparum strains in the region after CQ discontinuation, supporting a potential future role for CQ in malaria treatment.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Victor Asua, Melissa D. Conrad, Ozkan Aydemir, Marvin Duvalsaint, Jennifer Legac, Elias Duarte, Patrick Tumwebaze, Deborah M. Chin, Roland A. Cooper, Adoke Yeka, Moses R. Kamya, Grant Dorsey, Sam L. Nsobya, Jeffrey Bailey, Philip J. Rosenthal
Summary: This study identified concerning spread of mutations that may limit the efficacies of key antimalarial drugs in multiple sites in Uganda.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca de Abreu-Fernandes, Natalia Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira, Bianca Ervatti Gama, Larissa Rodrigues Gomes, Aline Rosa De Lavigne Mello, Lucas Tavares de Queiroz, Jacqueline de Aguiar Barros, Maria das Gracas Costa Alecrim, Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza, Lilian Rose Pratt-Riccio, Patricia Brasil, Claudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, Maria de Fatima Ferreira-da-Cruz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate SNPs in the P. falciparum gene associated with chloroquine (CQ) chemoresistance. By collecting samples from the Amazonas and Acre states from 2010 to 2018, the study found that majority of the samples carried CQ-resistant genotypes, indicating that CQ cannot be reintroduced in malaria therapy.
Article
Immunology
Dongyang Zhao, Hongwei Zhang, Penghui Ji, Suhua Li, Chengyun Yang, Ying Liu, Dan Qian, Yan Deng, Hao Wang, Deling Lu, Ruimin Zhou, Yuling Zhao
Summary: Malaria remains a major public health issue in Nigeria, and Nigeria is one of the main sources of imported malaria in China. Antimalarial drug resistance poses a significant obstacle to the global control and prevention of malaria. The study found that there are certain prevalences of antimalarial drug-resistant genes and mutants in imported Plasmodium falciparum isolates, with some mutations having high prevalence rates.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vinay Shankar Tiwari, Prince Joshi, Kanchan Yadav, Anamika Sharma, Sushobhan Chowdhury, Ashan Manhas, Niti Kumar, Renu Tripathi, Wahajul Haq
Summary: A series of novel 4-aminoquinoline analogues with a methyl group were synthesized and evaluated for their antimalarial activity, showing good potential in inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum with low toxicity levels. The introduction of a 4-methylamino substitution is well tolerated and holds promise for the discovery of new antimalarial agents against drug-resistant malaria.
Article
Microbiology
Yu Si, Weilin Zeng, Na Li, Chengqi Wang, Faiza Siddiqui, Jie Zhang, Liang Pi, Xi He, Luyi Zhao, Siqi Wang, Hui Zhao, Xinxin Li, Qi Yang, Jun Miao, Zhaoqing Yang, Liwang Cui
Summary: Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion has developed resistance to antimalarial therapy. Evaluation of parasite isolates collected at the China-Myanmar border revealed varying levels of piperaquine susceptibility and identified potential genetic mutations associated with decreased drug effectiveness. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of piperaquine resistance and ongoing surveillance is crucial.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hui Zhao, Liang Pi, Luyi Zhao, Yucheng Qin, Weilin Zeng, Zheng Xiang, Qi Yang, Maohua Pan, Xinxin Li, Chunyan Zou, Xi Chen, Wei Zhao, Yuxin Lu, Yanrui Wu, Mengxi Duan, Xun Wang, Xiaosong Li, Dominique Mazier, Yaming Huang, Zhaoqing Yang
Summary: This study analyzed mutations in drug resistance genes in imported malaria patients from Africa in Guangxi, China, and identified new potential drug resistance-associated molecular markers. The study provides the latest data for molecular marker surveillance related to antimalarial drug resistance genes imported from Africa in Chinese migrant workers in Guangxi.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hamma Maiga, Anastasia Grivoyannis, Issaka Sagara, Karim Traore, Oumar B. Traore, Youssouf Tolo, Aliou Traore, Amadou Bamadio, Zoumana I. Traore, Kassim Sanogo, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Christopher V. Plowe, Abdoulaye A. Djimde
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mali. Results showed a high ACPR rate and a decrease in pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y genotypes associated with drug resistance. The study suggests a potential reintroduction of chloroquine or amodiaquine for future malaria treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arne Alder, Cecilia P. Sanchez, Matthew R. G. Russell, Lucy M. Collinson, Michael Lanzer, Michael J. Blackman, Tim-Wolf Gilberger, Joachim M. Matz
Summary: Malaria parasites use a complex to acidify the digestive vacuole and degrade host erythrocyte hemoglobin, which is essential for their survival in the human bloodstream.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kwame Kumi Asare, Justice Africa, Jennifer Mbata, Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
Summary: The study found a significant selection and expansion of chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum markers in all selected study areas in the Central region of Ghana. This finding has significant implications for the future treatment, management, and control of P. falciparum malaria.