Article
Biology
Jing Li, Fenfen Liu, Kaibin Mo, Hengjia Ni, Yulong Yin
Summary: Weaning piglets often suffer from severe diarrhea and intestinal motility disorders. This study found that the increased slow-wave frequency and decreased c-kit expression in the intestinal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LM-MP) may be associated with postweaning diarrhea (PWD). The weaning process also caused inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in the LM-MP, leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation in the ileal and colonic LM-MP. This ultimately impairs intestinal motility regulation and results in diarrhea in piglets.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
William A. Gonsalves, Renata C. M. Ferreira, Barbara M. Rezende, German A. B. Mahecha, Melissa Gualdron, Flavio H. P. de Macedo, Igor D. G. Duarte, Andrea C. Perez, Fabiana S. Machado, Jader S. Cruz, Thiago R. L. Romero
Summary: The study revealed that the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems participate in controlling muscle pain through the activation of MOP, KOP, and CB1 receptors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alireza Safa, Allison R. Lau, Sydney Aten, Karl Schilling, Karen L. Bales, Victoria A. Miller, Julie Fitzgerald, Min Chen, Kasey Hill, Kyle Dzwigalski, Karl Obrietan, Mitch A. Phelps, Wolfgang Sadee, John Oberdick
Summary: Research has shown that prenatal exposure to methadone (MTD) exacerbates withdrawal symptoms in newborn guinea pigs, while co-administration of 6 beta-naltrexol (6BN) with MTD can prevent these symptoms and exhibit high potency in both newborn and adult guinea pigs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Giorgio Gabella
Summary: Auerbach's ganglia consist of nerve cell bodies, neural processes, and glial cells. The neural elements are tightly associated, with glial cells forming processes between axons. However, most axons are not wrapped by glia. The cellular elements in ganglia have strong adhesion, resulting in compactness and the ability to resist deformation.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Annalisa Bosi, Davide Banfi, Federico Moroni, Chiara Ceccotti, Maria Cecilia Giron, Micaela Antonini, Cristina Giaroni, Genciana Terova
Summary: In this study, the effect of partially substituting fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae meal on the neuromuscular function of gilthead sea bream's intestines was evaluated. The results showed that the insect meal had no significant impact on growth parameters and intestinal morphology, but it did affect gastrointestinal transit, muscle fiber excitatory and inhibitory transmission, and chemical coding.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zachary W. Reichenbach, Kelly DiMattio, Suren Rajakaruna, David Ambrose, William D. Cornwell, Ronald J. Tallarida, Thomas Rogers, Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen, Ronald F. Tuma, Sara Jane Ward
Summary: Non-selective cannabinoid (CB) agonists can enhance the analgesic effects of morphine but inhibit its antinociceptive tolerance. Activation of CB2 receptors can reverse allodynia and hyperalgesia in chronic pain models, and co-administration of CB2 receptor selective agonists with morphine can synergistically enhance the effects. However, the interactions between CB2 receptor selective agonist O-1966 and morphine depend on the order of administration.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wanyu Chen, Lu Liao, Zitong Huang, Yulin Lu, Yukang Lin, Ying Pei, Shulin Yi, Chen Huang, Hongying Cao, Bo Tan
Summary: The study found that patchouli alcohol (PA) can regulate intestinal motility and neuron activities in rats with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), alleviating diarrhea symptoms. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic efficacy of PA against IBS-D.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maanvee Mirakhur, Martin Diener
Summary: Proteinases released during inflammatory or allergic responses affect gastrointestinal functions via proteinase-activated receptors. This study focuses on the effect of PAR1 and PAR2 agonists on electrogenic ion transport, tissue conductance, and muscle contractility in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The results suggest that the functions of PAR1 and PAR2 vary depending on the intestinal segment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas Baidoo, Gareth J. Sanger, Abi Belai
Summary: Old age is associated with a higher incidence of lower bowel conditions such as constipation. This study assessed and compared the pattern of distribution of enteric glial cells (EGCs) in adult and elderly human colon. The results showed that aging does not result in a loss of Sox-10-IR EGCs in the myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP), but reduces S100-IR EGCs density within the musculature, which may contribute to colonic dysfunction.
Article
Environmental Studies
Heiko Ruger, Nico Stawarz, Thomas Skora, Brenton M. Wiernik
Summary: Findings from cross-sectional studies suggest a positive correlation between commuting willingness and behavior, with individuals who currently commute long distances expressing a greater willingness to do so in the future. Unique longitudinal data from four European countries shows that starting a long-distance commuting episode is associated with an increase in willingness to commute, supporting the adaptation hypothesis. While there is also some evidence for a selection effect, it appears to be considerably weaker than the adaptation effect.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roshan Paudel, Mohsin Saleet Jafri, Aman Ullah
Summary: Calcium sparks are elementary Ca2+ release events that impact the contractile force generated by cardiac myocytes. A computational model was developed to study the force-frequency relationship (FFR) and it showed that increased pacing frequency led to longer and larger calcium transients, but the reduction of L-type calcium current also played a role in the negative slope of the FFR.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jichao Ma, Duyen Nguyen, Jazune Madas, Andrew M. Kwiat, Zulema Toledo, Ariege Bizanti, Nicole Kogut, Anas Mistareehi, Kohlton Bendowski, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jin Chen, De-Pei Li, Terry L. Powley, John B. Furness, Zixi Cheng
Summary: This study characterized the distribution and morphology of spinal afferent axons in the stomach using advanced techniques. The researchers found that these axons innervate different gastric targets through various terminal structures.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Harry J. Rosenberg, Meenakshi Rao
Summary: Glia cells, previously considered secondary cells, have been found to play important roles in nervous system development, plasticity, and health in recent years. The largest population of glia cells outside the brain is in the enteric nervous system, with putative roles in human health and disease.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Agata Szymaszkiewicz, Mikolaj Swierczynski, Marcin Talar, Prabhakar Reddy Polepally, Jordan K. Zjawiony, Jakub Fichna, Marta Zielinska
Summary: The study validated research tools to investigate TOL and PD, and characterized the interactions between OR and CB receptors in the mouse GI tract. Results indicated that mixed OR/CB agonists are promising alternatives to currently used opioid drugs for reducing TOL and PD.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Daniel E. Levin, Arabinda Mandal, Mark A. Fleming, Katherine H. Bae, Brielle Gerry, Sean R. Moore
Summary: This study describes a novel technique for ex vivo coculture of enteroids and the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus, allowing for cell growth and differentiation, and laying the foundation for further research on the interaction between these two important intestinal cell populations.
BIOLOGY METHODS & PROTOCOLS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paola Orlandi, Marta Banchi, Francesca Vaglini, Marco Carli, Stefano Aringhieri, Arianna Bandini, Carla Pardini, Cristina Viaggi, Michele Lai, Greta Ali, Alessandra Ottani, Eleonora Vandini, Patrizia Guidi, Margherita Bernardeschi, Veronica La Rocca, Giulio Francia, Gabriella Fontanini, Mauro Pistello, Giada Frenzilli, Daniela Giuliani, Marco Scarselli, Guido Bocci
Summary: This study investigates the role of MC4R in melanoma and the use of the selective antagonist ML in combination with vemurafenib. The results show that ML can inhibit melanoma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reduction of BCL-XL expression. The combination of vemurafenib and ML exhibits a synergistic effect in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo without causing adverse effects.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Conor J. Bloxham, Katina D. Hulme, Fabrizio Fierro, Christian Fercher, Cassandra L. Pegg, Shannon L. O'Brien, Simon R. Foster, Kirsty R. Short, Sebastian G. B. Furness, Melissa E. Reichelt, Masha Y. Niv, Walter G. Thomas
Summary: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are a type of G protein-coupled receptors that allow humans to detect aversive and toxic substances. This study characterized the functional properties of previously identified T2Rs in human cardiac tissues and their naturally occurring polymorphisms. The results showed differences in signaling among different T2R variants, and revealed a potential association between the T2R50 Tyr203 variant and cardiovascular disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lu Chen, Huanying Shi, Wenxin Zhang, Yongjun Zhu, Haifei Chen, Zimei Wu, Huijie Qi, Jiafeng Liu, Mingkang Zhong, Xiaojin Shi, Tianxiao Wang, Qunyi Li
Summary: This study demonstrates that Carfilzomib exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and reprogramming cellular metabolism. It has been identified that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a crucial role as a cellular target in ESCC cells treated with Carfilzomib. Overexpression of ATF3 effectively counteracts the effects of Carfilzomib on ESCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, ATF3 mediates the anti-tumor activity of Carfilzomib, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for ESCC.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xing Zhang, Xiang Li, Ran Xia, Hong-Sheng Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes recent progress on the mechanisms of ferroptosis resistance in cancer and highlights the role of redox status and metabolism. Combination therapy for ferroptosis has great potential in treating resistant malignant tumors.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)