Article
Microbiology
Edward Dobbs, Greg Deakin, Julie Bennett, Caoimhe Fleming-Archibald, Ian Jones, Helen Grogan, Keny Burton
Summary: The study examined viral interactions in Agaricus bisporus cultures with 9 viruses, identifying four clusters of viral RNA indicating synergism and coreplication. Diseased fruitbodies showed significantly higher levels of specific viral RNA, suggesting an exponential shift in replicative capacity. These interactions appeared to be stochastic, with disease symptoms randomly distributed and high levels of specific viral RNA present.
Article
Virology
Mijia Lu, Miaoge Xue, Hai-Tao Wang, Elizabeth L. Kairis, Sadeem Ahmad, Jiangbo Wei, Zijie Zhang, Qinzhe Liu, Yuexiu Zhang, Youling Gao, Dominique Garcin, Mark E. Peeples, Amit Sharma, Sun Hur, Chuan He, Jianrong Li
Summary: Viral m(6)A methylation is a common strategy in NNS RNA viruses to evade host innate immunity by serving as a molecular marker to discriminate self from nonself RNA. This novel biological function is universally conserved in several families within NNS RNA viruses.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
SeCheol Oh, Fabrizio Marinelli, Wenchang Zhou, Jooyeon Lee, Ho Jeong Choi, Min Kim, Jose D. Faraldo-Gomez, Richard K. Hite
Summary: Structures and simulations reveal the unique permeation mechanism of the human lysosomal K+ channel transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175), which lacks the canonical K+ selectivity filter. Despite the absence of a selectivity filter, TMEM175 is selective for K+ over Na+ due to a narrow hydrophobic constriction and a favorable electrostatic field.
Review
Immunology
Popy Devnath, Shah Wajed, Ripu Chandra Das, Sanchita Kar, Iftekharul Islam, H. M. Abdullah Al Masud
Summary: Nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic virus that has caused outbreaks with high death rates, primarily in South and Southeast Asia. The virus is responsible for various diseases, including encephalitis and systemic vasculitis. Understanding the pathogenesis of the virus is crucial for the development of therapeutic options and vaccines.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Toktam Sahranavard, Federico Carbone, Fabrizio Montecucco, Suowen Xu, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Potassium ions play a crucial role in atherosclerosis by reducing oxidation, cell proliferation, and regulating vascular tone, suggesting their potential therapeutic application in this chronic inflammatory condition.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant, Daniel Blanco-Melo, Skyler Uhl, Beatriz Escudero-Perez, Silke Olschewski, Patricia Thibault, Maryline Panis, Maria Rosenthal, Cesar Munoz-Fontela, Benhur Lee, Benjamin R. tenOever
Summary: Negative-sense RNA viruses rely on nucleoprotein NP to regulate transcription and replication of the viral genome, and limiting NP levels results in decreased genome replication and enhanced host antiviral response. Insufficient NP prevents NSVs from processing full-length genomes, leading to the formation of aberrant replication products that trigger immune recognition and a strong host antiviral response. The consequences of limiting NP levels are universal among NSVs, including Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and measles virus.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zhiyuan Qu, Fei Meng, Jianzhong Shi, Guohua Deng, Xianying Zeng, Jinying Ge, Yanbing Li, Liling Liu, Pucheng Chen, Yongping Jiang, Chengjun Li, Hualan Chen
Summary: This study reveals that upregulation of the circRNA AIVR in cells infected with influenza virus helps inhibit viral replication by absorbing miRNA to promote IFN-beta production. This provides new insights into the roles of circRNAs in the cellular innate antiviral response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Morgan R. R. Herod, Joseph C. C. Ward, Andrew Tuplin, Mark Harris, Nicola J. J. Stonehouse, Christopher J. J. McCormick
Summary: Genome replication of positive strand RNA viruses requires the production of a complementary negative strand RNA, but evidence of structural RNA elements in the negative strand is limited. This study found that different viruses have different capacities for the folding of the negative strand RNA, which may explain the limited observation.
Review
Cell Biology
Hara Kang, Yun Ji Ga, Soo Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Cho, Jung Won Kim, Chaeyeon Kim, Jung-Yong Yeh
Summary: RNA has become a revolutionary tool in battling emerging infectious diseases, particularly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. RNAi therapeutics have shown potential in reducing disease-associated genes, and nucleic acid-based therapies have emerged as alternative treatments. However, there are obstacles to overcome in the use of siRNA-based antiviral therapies, including off-target effects and drug resistance.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Abhilash Kannan, Maarit Suomalainen, Romain Volle, Michael Bauer, Marco Amsler, Hung Trinh, Stefano Vavassori, Jana Pachlopnik Schmid, Guilherme Vilhena, Alberto Marin-Gonzalez, Ruben Perez, Andrea Franceschini, Christian von Mering, Silvio Hemmi, Urs F. Greber
Summary: This study discovered that transfection of human airway cell lines or non-transformed fibroblasts with double-stranded RNA mimicking cellular micro-RNA has strong antiviral effects against human adenovirus, influenza A virus, and SARS-CoV-2. These effects are dependent on complementary RNA strands and lead to the downregulation of certain genes and the induction of interferon-stimulated genes. The antiviral effects are mediated by specific protein receptors and RNA sensors.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yahui Chen, Shiyang Zhang, Shanfeng Du, Jiang Jiang, Guangyu Wang
Summary: This study revealed the involvement of potassium ion channels and transporters in the salt tolerance mechanism and metabolites of the halophyte Tamarix ramosissima in response to NaCl stress. It provides a theoretical basis for utilizing halophytes to mitigate salt stress.
Review
Immunology
Zicong Lin, Zhiqin Deng, Jianquan liu, Zhongshi Lin, Siyu Chen, Zhenhan Deng, Wencui Li
Summary: Articular cartilage plays a crucial role in absorbing stress during exercise. Chondrocytes are the metabolic center of articular cartilage, maintaining a dynamic balance of extracellular matrix. Research on chloride channels in chondrocytes has revealed their significance in physiological and pathological processes, impacting cartilage metabolism and inflammation.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Hiya Lahiri, Isaiah T. Arkin
Summary: Flavivirus infections pose challenges to the global healthcare sector, and the encoded ion channels by these viruses may serve as potential targets. The study screened FDA-approved drugs and identified potential antiviral agents against dengue and West Nile viruses, which could be used in future antiviral therapeutic purposes.
Review
Biology
Tongtong Zhu, Guangyi Niu, Yuansheng Zhang, Ming Chen, Chuan-Yun Li, Lili Hao, Zhang Zhang
Summary: Viruses rely on hosts for life and reproduction, causing various symptoms and public health threats. RNA editing plays a crucial role in virus replication, protein synthesis, infectivity, and toxicity. Host-mediated RNA editing sites have been identified in different viruses, but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and effects in different virus classes. This study synthesizes current knowledge of host-mediated RNA editing in viruses, presenting diverse editing mechanisms and effects between viruses and hosts.
Review
Pathology
Juni Banerjee, Ramya P. Ranjan, Md. Tanjim Alam, Sanika Deshmukh, Prem Prakash Tripathi, Sonu Gandhi, Shuvomoy Banerjee
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are malignancies involving neuroendocrine cells that often lead to fatal conditions. There is a complex association between tumor viruses and NENs, but the complete understanding of NEN pathophysiology and its connection with tumor viruses is lacking. Current research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for NENs.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Emma L. Fairbanks, Marnie L. Brennan, Peter P. C. Mertens, Michael J. Tildesley, Janet M. Daly
Summary: African horse sickness (AHS) is a disease transmitted by Culicoides spp. and is commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to investigate the infection dynamics and outbreak potential in naive populations. It was found that the previously estimated parameters for the onset of viraemia, clinical signs, and duration of viraemia were underestimated. The updated values led to an increase in host deaths, a decrease in the duration of the outbreak, and higher prevalence in vectors.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Camila M. Appolinario, Janet M. Daly, Richard D. Emes, Fabio Albuquerque Marchi, Bruna Leticia Devide Ribeiro, Jane Megid
Summary: This study analyzed the gene expression profile in mice infected with rabies virus (RABV) isolated from either a human case of dog rabies or vampire bat-acquired rabies. The results showed differential gene expression between the two variants, suggesting differences in their pathogenesis.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Emma L. Fairbanks, Matthew Baylis, Janet M. Daly, Michael J. Tildesley
Summary: This study analyzed a historic dataset from the emergence of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in Morocco and found that the transmissibility of the virus changes according to the distance between premises. The spatial specificity of the dataset affected parameter estimates, showing that transmissibility was similar at village and regional scales, but not at the province scale.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniella A. Lefteri, Steven R. Bryden, Marieke Pingen, Sandra Terry, Emily F. Beswick, Georgi Georgiev, Marleen Van der Laan, Valeria Mastrullo, Paola Campagnolo, Robert Waterhouse, Margus Varjak, Andres Merits, Rennos Fragkoudis, Stephen Griffin, Kave Shams, Emilie Pondeville, Clive S. McKimmie
Summary: Viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes are a significant global cause of disease. The enhancement of virus infection by mosquito saliva is mediated by a gene product called sialokinin, which rapidly reduces endothelial barrier integrity. This mechanism is absent in Anopheles mosquitoes, explaining their incompetence in transmitting arthropod-borne viruses. Therapeutic strategies targeting sialokinin have potential in reducing disease severity following infection with Aedes-mosquito-borne viruses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Virology
Marcha Badenhorst, Armin Saalmueller, Janet M. Daly, Reinhard Ertl, Maria Stadler, Christina Puff, Madeleine de le Roi, Wolfgang Baumgaertner, Michael Engelmann, Sabine Brandner, Hannah K. Junge, Barbara Pratscher, Asisa Volz, Bertrand Saunier, Thomas Krey, Johannes Wittmann, Steffen Heelemann, Julien Delarocque, Bettina Wagner, Daniel Todt, Eike Steinmann, Jessika-M Cavalleri
Summary: Equine hepacivirus (EqHV), the closest genetic relative of hepatitis C virus, lacks an effective vaccine. In this study, the potential of the equine model for hepacivirus vaccine research was investigated. Vaccination with EqHV E2 recombinant protein and subsequent EqHV inoculation were performed on ponies, and their host responses were analyzed. Although the vaccine did not provide complete protection, vaccinated ponies showed faster clearance of EqHV RNA and recovery from liver insult compared to the control group. This study suggests that the equine model holds promise for future hepacivirus vaccine research.
Article
Microbiology
Francis R. Hopkins, Beatriz Alvarez-Rodriguez, George R. Heath, Kyriakoulla Panayi, Samantha Hover, Thomas A. Edwards, John N. Barr, Juan Fontana
Summary: Bunyaviruses are emerging RNA viruses that cause significant disease and economic burden and for which vaccines or therapies approved for humans are not available. The bunyavirus genome is wrapped up by the nucleoprotein (NP) and interacts with the viral polymerase, forming a ribonucleoprotein (RNP). This is the only form of the genome active for viral replication and assembly. However, until now how NPs are organized within an RNP was not known for any orthobunyavirus. Here, we purified RNPs from the prototypical orthobunyavirus, Bunyamwera virus, and employed microscopy approaches to show that the NP portion of the RNP was helical. We then combined our helical average with the known structure of an NP monomer, generating a pseudo-atomic model of this region. This arrangement allowed the RNPs to be highly flexible, which was critical for several stages of the viral replication cycle, such as segment circularization.
Review
Immunology
Japhette E. E. Kembou-Ringert, Dieter Steinhagen, John Readman, Janet M. M. Daly, Mikolaj Adamek
Summary: Tilapia tilapinevirus (TiLV) is a newly emerged virus that causes a novel disease and reduces tilapia populations worldwide. It has been reported in 17 countries, causing high mortalities. Currently, there are no therapeutics or vaccines specifically designed for TiLV control. Vaccination has shown potential in inducing protective immunity in tilapia. Various vaccine strategies are being explored, but a comprehensive overview of their efficacy is lacking. This review discusses recent advances in TiLV vaccine development, highlighting the need for further research and the incorporation of different approaches to enhance vaccine effectiveness.
Article
Microbiology
Olaolu T. Olufemi, Emmanuel R. Edeh, Mustapha S. Isyaku, Mustapha Haliru, Shafiu Samaila, Philip W. Mshelia, Olajide A. Owolodun, J. Richard Newton, Janet M. Daly
Summary: This cross-sectional study investigated the seroprevalence of equine influenza (EI) and its associated risk factors in Northwest Nigeria. The study found that there was an insufficient level of protection against EI in the region, with age being a significant factor. The study recommends implementing a vaccination program with vaccines containing recently circulating virus to mitigate against further outbreaks of EI in Nigeria.
Article
Microbiology
Alexis C. R. Hoste, Igor Djadjovski, Miguel Angel Jimenez-Clavero, Paloma Rueda, John N. Barr, Patricia Sastre
Summary: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a significant tick-borne viral disease that has recently been found in previously unaffected countries like Spain. The disease is asymptomatic in infected animals but can develop into severe illness in humans. The lack of effective treatment or vaccine calls for surveillance programs to control the spread of the virus.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biology
Moza M. Al-Owais, Nishani T. Hettiarachchi, Mark L. Dallas, Jason L. Scragg, Jonathan D. Lippiat, Arun V. Holden, Derek S. Steele, Chris Peers
Summary: This study examines the regulation of the voltage-gated K+ channel by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells expressing human Kv1.5. It demonstrates that H2S can reduce remodeling changes in the action potential duration by inhibiting the Kv1.5 channel through S-nitrosylation-mediated signaling.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Luke A. A. McLinden, Sarah L. L. Freeman, Janet Daly, Adam Blanchard, Jeremy G. G. Kemp-Symonds, Andrew Waller
Summary: This review discusses the pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, and future prevention and treatment measures of S. equi, the causative organism of strangles in equids. S. equi evolved from a commensal and occasionally opportunistic pathogen, and its success lies in its ability to cause both acute and persistent infections. Insights into the S. equi genome and lifestyle have led to advancements in diagnostic assays and the development of a safe and effective recombinant-fusion vaccine.
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samantha Hover, Frank W. Charlton, Jan Hellert, Jessica J. Swanson, Jamel Mankouri, John N. Barr, Juan Fontana
Summary: By studying the entry process of Bunyamwera virus, we have revealed the promoting effects of high [K+] and low pH. Using sub-tomogram averaging and AlphaFold, we have generated a pseudo-atomic model of the BUNV glycoprotein and located the fusion domain and its chaperone protein. Moreover, we have found that the BUNV envelope undergoes a dramatic rearrangement under specific conditions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ika Nurzijah, Ola A. Elbohy, Kostya Kanyuka, Janet M. Daly, Stephen Dunham
Summary: Plant-based vaccines provide a new feasibility for preventing avian influenza and Newcastle disease, with the advantages of high efficiency, stability, and safety. Compared to traditional vaccines, plant-derived virus-like particle vaccines have significant benefits, reducing virus shedding and distinguishing between infected and vaccinated birds.