Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rylee Wander, Andrea M. Kaminski, Zhangjie Wang, Eduardo Stancanelli, Yongmei Xu, Vijayakanth Pagadala, Jine Li, Juno M. Krahn, Truong Quang Pham, Jian Liu, Lars C. Pedersen
Summary: The study presents the crystal structures of 3-OST-5 with substrates and PAP, revealing its substrate specificity and anti-factor Xa activity. The enzyme prefers to sulfate a 6-O-sulfo glucosamine saccharide that is surrounded by glucuronic acid. Additionally, it was found that substrate specificity is not only determined by the side chains of amino acid residues in the active site, but also by the conformational flexibility of 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid in the saccharide substrates.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lingbo Sun, Andriana Konstantinidi, Zilu Ye, Rebecca Nason, Yuecheng Zhang, Christian Bull, Barbro Kahl-Knutson, Lars Hansen, Hakon Leffler, Sergey Y. Vakhrushev, Zhang Yang, Henrik Clausen, Yoshiki Narimatsu
Summary: Researchers engineered sulfotransferase genes in HEK293 cells to achieve sulfation modification of O-glycans. They used this engineered cell library to study the binding specificity between galectin-4 and sulfated O-glycans.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jian Liu, Lars C. Pedersen
Summary: This article summarizes the recent progress in substrate specificity studies of different 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms and introduces a newly developed method for analyzing the level of 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Konrad Bork, Karin Wulff, Britta S. Moehl, Lars Steinmueller-Magin, Gunther Witzke, Jochen Hardt, Peter Meinke
Summary: The study identified a novel disease-linked mutation for HAEnCI using whole exome sequencing, which affects HS biosynthesis and likely disrupts cell surface interactions of key players in angioedema formation.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Seii Ohka, Souichi Yamada, Daisuke Nishizawa, Yoshiko Fukui, Hideko Arita, Kazuo Hanaoka, Masako Iseki, Jitsu Kato, Setsuro Ogawa, Ayako Hiranuma, Shinya Kasai, Junko Hasegawa, Masakazu Hayashida, Shuetsu Fukushi, Masayuki Saijo, Kazutaka Ikeda
Summary: Chronic post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is associated with the HS3ST4 gene, which enhances fusogenic activity and cytotoxicity in cells infected with VZV, but does not affect viral genome replication.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dylan Mah, Yanan Zhu, Guowei Su, Jing Zhao, Ashely Canning, James Gibson, Xuehong Song, Eduardo Stancanelli, Yongmei Xu, Fuming Zhang, Robert J. Linhardt, Jian Liu, Lianchun Wang, Chunyu Wang
Summary: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)'s epsilon 4 allele is the most important genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Heparan sulfate (HS) on the cell surface acts as a cofactor for the interaction between ApoE and LRP1, as well as the prion-like spread of tau pathology between cells. 3-O-sulfated HS has been linked to AD through its interaction with tau, and increased levels of 3-O-sulfated HS and 3-O-sulfotransferases have been observed in the AD brain. This study characterizes the interactions between ApoE and HS in different ApoE isoforms, and suggests that the interplay between 3-O-sulfated HS, tau, and ApoE isoforms may modulate AD risk.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Natalia Perez-Lopez, Carla Martin, Beatriz Garcia, Maria Pilar Solis-Hernandez, David Rodriguez, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesus Merayo, Ivan Fernandez-Vega, Luis M. Quiros
Summary: The saccharide chains of heparan sulfate play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, with differential transcription of biosynthetic genes observed in different brain regions and stages of AD pathology. The study revealed more alterations in gene transcription in moderate AD patients compared to mild cases, with fewer changes in genes related to early stages of synthesis in severe patients and an overexpression of late-stage genes. These alterations correlated with progressive brain atrophy, particularly in the cerebellum, and were consistent with immunohistochemical detection of certain heparan sulfate epitopes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideo Mochizuki, Hideyuki Futatsumori, Eriko Suzuki, Koji Kimata
Summary: This study aimed to establish a method for quantifying non-antithrombin-binding 3-O-sulfated components of heparan sulfate, successfully detecting specifically expressed 3-O-sulfated units in differentiated neurons. This is the first report to show the quantification of three non-AT-binding 3-O-sulfated units and establishes a new approach to explore the physiological functions of 3-O-sulfate.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Cui, Zhaoguang Wang, Tianji Zhang, Jin-ping Li, Jianping Fang
Summary: The translation explores the role of Heparan sulfate (HS) in protein recognition and interaction, highlighting the importance of specific sulfation and epimerization patterns modulated by Golgi-localized enzymes. The study investigates the effects of restoring Hsepi in mutant MEF cells, showing increased IdoA residues and rescued cell signaling, although Hsepi knockout did not influence cellular transport or enzymatic activity of 2OST. These findings suggest potential differences in regulatory mechanisms for 2OST and Hsepi.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tianji Zhang, Mingjia Yu, Honglian Li, Marco Maccarana, Wei Zhang, Deling Shi, Ying Kan, Xiao Zhang, Lianli Chi, Ulf Lindahl, Hongmei Li, Jin-ping Li, Tianwei Tan
Summary: This study investigated the functional interactions between glucuronyl 5-epimerase (Hsepi) and hexuronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (Hs2st) and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase (Hs6st) using an isotope exchange approach. The results showed that the binding of these enzymes plays an important role in the efficiency of substrate conversion. Furthermore, experimental evidence suggested the formation of a functional complex between Hsepi and Hs6st in cells, and the inability to achieve simultaneous 2-O and 6-O sulfation in vitro.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria del Pilar Huby Vidaurre, Baron K. Osborn, Kaylie D. Lowak, Michelle M. McDonald, Yao-Wei W. Wang, Veda Pa, Jillian R. Richter, Yongmei Xu, Katelyn Arnold, Jian Liu, Jessica C. Cardenas
Summary: A synthetic 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate 12-mer, dekaparin, has been found to have anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can alleviate organ injury following major trauma and hemorrhagic shock.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xiao Hu, Qiongzhen Zeng, Ji Xiao, Shurong Qin, Yuan Wang, Tianhao Shan, Di Hu, Yexuan Zhu, Kaisheng Liu, Kai Zheng, Yifei Wang, Zhe Ren
Summary: This study revealed that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes triggers Gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis in mouse microglia, leading to inflammation caused by HSV-1. The expression levels of NLRP3 and IL-1 beta were significantly increased in a mouse model of herpes simplex encephalitis. These findings provide potential treatment targets for viral inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony J. J. Hayes, James Melrose
Summary: Heparan sulfate is a complex glycosaminoglycan that plays important roles in various biological processes through interactions with extracellular ligands and cellular receptors. Its chain lengths and sequences can vary, providing structural diversity. Heparan sulfate has regulatory properties in tissue development, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumor development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, May P. Chan, Sara C. Shalin, Kenan J. Sauder, Amy Hudson, Ruth K. Foreman, Mai P. Hoang, Jeoffry B. Brennick, Shaofeng Yan, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Summary: This study presents the first known report of herpes virus infecting deep stromal cells of the dermis, highlighting the importance of considering cutaneous stromal herpes in patients with atypical clinical lesions, especially when immunocompromised. Establishing the correct diagnosis is crucial for initiating therapy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Cassandra J. Field, Alexis M. Perez, Taryn Samet, Victoria Ricles, M. Kathryn Iovine, Linda J. Lowe-Krentz
Summary: Tmem184a plays a critical role in the proper formation of blood vessels in zebrafish embryos. It acts synergistically with Vegfr2b to modulate angiogenesis and affects endothelial cell proliferation and VE-cadherin expression.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Deepak Shukla
Summary: Very little is known about the mechanisms that restrict neurotropic herpesviruses from infecting the central nervous system and causing neuron death. However, recent research has shown that OPTN-mediated autophagy acts as an intrinsic immune barrier against these viruses and protects the CNS from neurodegenerative stress.
Article
Immunology
Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Rahul Suryawanshi, Joshua Ames, Raghuram Koganti, Alex Agelidis, Divya Kapoor, Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Lulia Koujah, Henry C. Tseng, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This study reveals the key role of optineurin (OPTN) in restricting HSV-2 infection and controlling viral spread. Lack of OPTN leads to enhanced virus production and impaired host autophagy response. The OPTN/CCL5 nexus identified in this study may represent an intrinsic host defense mechanism against herpesviruses.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anouk G. Groenen, Anouk M. La Rose, Mengying Li, Venetia Bazioti, Arthur F. Svendsen, Niels J. Kloosterhuis, Albertina Ausema, Alle Pranger, M. Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema, Klary E. Niezen-Koning, Tom Houben, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Marit Westerterp
Summary: This study found that elevated G-CSF levels and HSC mobilization may contribute to splenomegaly in patients with NPC1 disease.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kati Mokkala, Johanna Gustafsson, Tero Vahlberg, Anita C. E. Vreugdenhil, Lingling Ding, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Jogchum Plat, Kirsi Laitinen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of probiotics and/or fish oil supplementation on CatD levels in pregnant women. The results showed that the dietary intervention did not impact serum CatD concentration, but CatD levels were influenced by body fat and low grade inflammation, depending on the women's GDM status.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Earon Grinage, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This review summarizes the crucial role of host protein Optineurin during HSV-1 infection of the eye and the nervous system. Recent studies have shown that Optineurin can prevent cell-to-cell spread of the virus and protect the nervous system from damage. Therefore, Optineurin may be a key factor in preventing ocular and neurodegenerative diseases.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James Elste, Angelica Chan, Chandrashekhar Patil, Vinisha Tripathi, Daniel M. Shadrack, Dinesh Jaishankar, Andrew Hawkey, Michelle Swanson Mungerson, Deepak Shukla, Vaibhav Tiwari
Summary: The structural diversity of heparan sulfate (HS) in various vertebrates and invertebrates is remarkably preserved and plays a key role in ligand binding and virus entry. The interaction between glycoprotein D (gD) from herpes simplex virus (HSV) and 3-O sulfated HS leads to virus-cell fusion and HSV entry. HSV-1, which infects a large number of people worldwide, can also cause severe diseases in both primates and non-primates. The enzymatic modification of HS by 3-O sulfotransferase-3 (3-OST-3) enhances HSV-1 infectivity and suggests a possible role of HS in cross-species transmission.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Divya Kapoor, Deepak Shukla
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures released from neutrophils mainly containing cell-free DNA decorated with histones and neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can be induced by various stimuli such as pathogens, cytokines, and immune complexes. They have both beneficial and detrimental effects in capturing pathogens and aggravating inflammation. This review focuses on the formation mechanism of NETs in different ocular pathologies, particularly highlighting their potential implications during herpes simplex virus (HSV) ocular infections and as prospective targets for ocular disease treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annemarie J. F. Westheim, Lara M. Stoffels, Ludwig J. Dubois, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Ardy van Helvoort, Ramon C. J. Langen, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Jan Theys
Summary: Cancer burden is increasing rapidly globally, with lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet being major contributors. The specific fatty acids that contribute to a healthy and balanced diet in terms of cancer risk and prognosis are still unclear. This review explores the associations between intake of different fatty acids and cancer risk, as well as the effects of specific fatty acids on tumor cells and inflammation-induced cancer progression, highlighting challenges and opportunities for fatty acid tailored nutritional interventions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rahul K. Suryawanshi, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Alex Agelidis, Raghuram Koganti, Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Joshua M. Ames, Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This study found that compared to animals lacking HPSE, wild-type mice exhibit notable pathophysiology during HSV-1 reinfection. HPSE promotes infected cell survival and supports the formation of a pro-disease environment. In contrast, lack of HPSE enhances intrinsic immunity by promoting cytokine expression, inducing necroptosis of infected cells, and decreasing leukocyte infiltration into the cornea. Overall, recent prior infection immunity fails to abolish disease manifestation during HSV-1 reinfection unless HPSE is rendered inactive.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Sudhanshu Kumar Singh, Abhijit A. Date, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This study evaluated the acute and short-term toxicity of orally administered BX795 in mice, as well as its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. The results showed that orally administered BX795 was well tolerated, had an oral bioavailability of 56%, and reached ocular and genital tissues within the first 15 min of dosing. The study indicated that orally administered BX795 can significantly reduce herpesvirus replication in ocular and genital tissue.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This review summarizes the pathogenesis of HSV-2 and its cellular interactions, explores new strategies and challenges in regulating HSV-2 replication and influencing the cell cycle through host cellular components, and presents a fresh perspective on the treatment of HSV-2 by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
Article
Microbiology
Ilina Bhattacharya, Ipsita Volety, Deepak Shukla
Summary: Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) plays a crucial role in defending against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and the interplay between OPTN, TBK1, and autophagy significantly impacts the outcome of HSV-1 infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soojung Hahn, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: This study utilized three-dimensional intestinal organoids to investigate the effects of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and found that metformin can enhance intestinal barrier function and reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. V. Sudarev, M. S. Gette, S. V. Bazhenov, O. M. Tilinova, E. V. Zinovev, I. V. Manukhov, A. I. Kuklin, Yu. L. Ryzhykau, A. V. Vlasov
Summary: This study investigated the self-assembly processes of ferritin-based protein complexes and obtained structurally characterized oligomeric states. These results provide new potential and opportunities for the application of ferritin in various fields.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yalda Sabaghi, Farnaz Pourfarzad, Leila Zolghadr, Azita Bahrami, Tahereh Shojazadeh, Alireza Farasat, Nematollah Gheibi
Summary: p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a plant compound with anti-cancer activities. This study designed a nano-liposomal carrier containing p-CA to enhance its effectiveness against melanoma cells. The findings showed that the liposomal form of p-CA had a greater impact on the cells. Kinetic modeling indicated that the best fitting model was zero-order.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. D. Nazmul Hasan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Al Asmaul Husna, Nobuhiro Nozaki, Osamu Yamato, Naoki Miura
Summary: This study investigated the expression of ncRNAs other than miRNAs in different histologic subtypes of canine mammary gland tumors (MGT). Three aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for differentiating MGT subtypes. YRNA and tRFs expression levels were found to be decreased in metastatic compared to primary MGT cell lines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seine A. Shintani
Summary: In this study, the researchers used signal analysis to study the instantaneous amplitude and phase of sarcomeric oscillations in skeletal muscle. They identified two types of oscillations, sarcomeric oscillations and sarcosynced oscillations, and visualized their behavior during propagating waves. The researchers discovered the presence of sarcomeric defect holes and sarcomeric collision holes, which are important indicators for understanding the oscillation properties of sarcomeres. This finding has important implications for improving our understanding of muscle function and its regulatory mechanisms.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuanglin Zhang, Yuzhong Jia, Guolan Ma, Yanyan Yang, Zhenzhen Cao, Antao Luo, Zefu Zhang, Shihan Li, Jie Wen, Hanfeng Liu, Jihua Ma
Summary: Bupleurum is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomotaka Ohkubo, Yasuhiko Matsumoto, Hiroaki Sasaki, Kaoru Kinoshita, Yuki Ogasawara, Takashi Sugita
Summary: This study found that Citrobacter koseri inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, disrupting the balance between S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, and exacerbating inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Toshifumi Asano, Philipp Sasse, Takao Nakata
Summary: A Cre recombination-based fluorescent reporter system was developed to monitor cell-cell fusion. The system successfully detected the formation of multinuclear myotubes and placental syncytiotrophoblast. This tool could facilitate the study of cell-to-cell fusion.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke Shi, Yunlong Shan, Xiao Sun, Kuida Chen, Qiong Luo, Qiang Xu
Summary: This study found that low expression of TP53INP2 is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. As the malignancy of CRC progresses, TP53INP2 expression gradually decreases. Knockdown of TP53INP2 promotes CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, TP53INP2 deficiency decreases phosphorylation of beta-catenin, leading to increased accumulation and enhanced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Additionally, TP53INP2 sequesters TIM50, inhibiting its activation of beta-catenin. In conclusion, downregulation of TP53INP2 promotes CRC progression by activating beta-catenin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Rossi, Fabio Tomaselli, Alejandro Hochkoeppler
Summary: Oligomeric enzymes are known for their higher catalytic rates compared to monomeric enzymes, but the extent of additivity in their activity is still not well understood. This study used tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase as a model to examine the kinetics of its catalytic action. Surprisingly, when the concentration of the limiting reactant exceeded that of a single subunit, there was a significant slowdown in the enzyme's conformational rearrangements.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin Sahraei, Mohammad Javad Shamsoddini, Fakhrossadat Mohammadi, Leila Hassani
Summary: This study explored the inhibitory effects of gallium curcumin, indium curcumin, and vanadyl curcumin on the amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme, as well as the binding interactions of these metal complexes with the enzyme. The results showed that indium curcumin and vanadyl curcumin exhibited higher binding affinities and stronger inhibitory effects on amyloid fibrillation compared to gallium curcumin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Sasaki, Yoshiki Kuse, Shinsuke Nakamura, Masamitsu Shimazawa
Summary: PGRN deficiency plays a significant role in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias post-myocardial infarction (MI), potentially by promoting metabolic abnormalities in macrophages.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongwei Zhao, Yiqiang Li, Yibo Zhang, Chi Zhang
Summary: Electrical brain stimulation technology is commonly used to treat brain neurological disorders, but it can cause side effects. This study investigated the impact of electric fields on nerve fibers and revealed the possible origin of side effects. The findings provide guidance for selecting electrical parameters in clinical stimulation therapy.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia S. Scott, Lake-Ee Quek, Andrew J. Hoy, Johannes V. Swinnen, Zeyad D. Nassar, Lisa M. Butler
Summary: The fatty acid elongation enzyme ELOVL5 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis in prostate cancer. Knocking down ELOVL5 leads to the accumulation of malonyl-CoA, which inhibits fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. This study highlights the importance of fatty acid elongation in regulating cell viability and provides a potential target for prostate cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zan Zhou, Wen-jun Jiang, Li Li, Jun-qiang Si
Summary: This study investigates the effect of noise exposure on cognitive function in mice and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings suggest that noise exposure leads to increased inflammation, increased phosphorylation of Tau protein, and decreased levels of postsynaptic density protein, resulting in cognitive impairment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
