Review
Biology
Rui Gao, Tao Yang, Quan Zhang
Summary: Delta-cells play crucial roles in glucose homeostasis by regulating insulin and glucagon secretion and can integrate various inputs to provide feedback modulation. Defects in delta-cell function can lead to suboptimal pancreatic hormone outputs, impacting glucose levels in diabetes.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fredrik C. Wieland, Mireille M. J. P. E. Sthijns, Thomas Geuens, Clemens A. van Blitterswijk, Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
Summary: Pancreatic beta cells have limited antioxidant enzymes, making them susceptible to oxidative stress, but the interaction with alpha cells and endothelial cells can provide protection. The study showed that the addition of endothelial cells reduced oxidative stress in the pseudoislet model, while changes in the number of endothelial cells or the size of the pseudoislet did not affect this protection. Additionally, alpha cells were found to have a supportive effect in reducing oxidative stress in beta and endothelial cells, potentially linked to the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Julia K. Panzer, Alejandro Tamayo, Alejandro Caicedo
Summary: This study identifies a defect in autocrine signaling in pancreatic alpha cells of individuals with type 1 diabetes, which leads to inadequate glucagon response and susceptibility to hypoglycemia. Reactivating residual AMPA/kainate receptor function with positive allosteric modulators can restore normal glucagon secretion and prevent hypoglycemia, providing a potential therapeutic approach for managing diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mollie S. H. Friedlander, Vy M. Nguyen, Seung K. Kim, Romina J. Bevacqua
Summary: Recent studies have focused on understanding human islet biology, with advances in isolated human islet research providing insights into the development and function of islet cells. By dispersing and reaggregating islet cells to form pseudoislets, specific experimental approaches have been facilitated, leading to exciting new discoveries in genetics, genomics, and islet cell transplantation. The use of pseudoislets is contributing to significant progress in the study of islet biology, diabetes, and metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prudencio Saez-Martinez, Francisco Porcel-Pastrana, Jesus M. Perez-Gomez, Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo, Enrique Gomez-Gomez, Juan M. Jimenez-Vacas, Manuel D. Gahete, Raul M. Luque
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential therapeutic role of somatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CORT) in prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. Treatment with SST and CORT inhibits proliferation and aggressiveness of certain PCa cells, through modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways and down-regulation of critical genes. Interestingly, CORT is highly expressed while SST is not detected in PCa cells, suggesting that CORT may act as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of PCa progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ferran Velasco-Mallorqui, Julia Rodriguez-Comas, Javier Ramon-Azcon
Summary: This study utilizes cryogelation technology to develop carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) cryogels as scaffolds for beta-cell cluster formation, demonstrating higher porosity and improved cell viability and glucose response compared to gelatin-based scaffolds.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna Garrido-Utrilla, Chaima Ayachi, Marika Elsa Friano, Josipa Atlija, Shruti Balaji, Tiziana Napolitano, Serena Silvano, Noemie Druelle, Patrick Collombat
Summary: This study demonstrates that overexpression of Pax4 in D cells can convert them into functional beta-like cells, and this conversion can occur in the gastrointestinal tract.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emily G. Hoffman, Ninoschka C. D'Souza, Julian Aiken, Sara Atherley, Richard Liggins, Michael C. Riddell
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of glucagon counterregulatory defects in a rat model of prediabetes (pre-T2D) and to assess the effects of a selective somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist (SSTR2a), ZT-01, on enhancing the glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The results showed that treatment with SSTR2a increased plasma glucagon levels and delayed the onset of hypoglycemia.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emily G. Hoffman, Mahsa Jahangiriesmaili, Erin R. Mandel, Caylee Greenberg, Julian Aiken, Ninoschka C. D'Souza, Aoibhe Pasieka, Trevor Teich, Owen Chan, Richard Liggins, Michael C. Riddell
Summary: Recent antecedent hypoglycemia can lead to defective glucose counter-regulation in diabetes, and the mechanisms behind this cycle of alpha-cell failure and recurrent hypoglycemia remain unclear. However, studies have shown that SSTR2a may restore glucagon response and delay hypoglycemia in male rats.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yara Hamshawi, Florin-Daniel Bilbie, Andrei Paun, Assaf Malka, Ron Piran
Summary: Membrane computing, a subfield of natural computing, models living systems using mathematical tools. Researchers have developed a new conceptual tool to better fit P-systems to higher-order organisms and successfully simulated glucose homeostasis in health and disease.
JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia Kaiser, Peter Krippeit-Drews, Gisela Drews
Summary: This study elucidates the mechanism by which the hunger-inducing hormone acyl-ghrelin (AG) affects insulin secretion, with findings that AG indirectly opens K-ATP channels by interfering with the cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway, leading to a decrease in insulin secretion.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kiyoshi Chinen, Naoaki Sakata, Gumpei Yoshimatsu, Masafumi Nakamura, Shohta Kodama
Summary: The study found that the GHS-R1a antagonist DLS could increase insulin production and suppress somatostatin production in islets, improving insulin expression. However, the therapeutic effect of DLS in islet transplantation was limited.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Guanyu Qu, Shengli Wang, Zhenlong Zhou, Dawei Jiang, Aihua Liao, Jing Luo
Summary: This article summarizes the current knowledge of the γδT cell phenotype in various tissues in mice and humans, describing the similarities and differences of tissue-resident γδT cells in these two species.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew T. Dickerson, Prasanna K. Dadi, Karolina E. Zaborska, Arya Y. Nakhe, Charles M. Schaub, Jordyn R. Dobson, Nicole M. Wright, Joshua C. Lynch, Claire F. Scott, Logan D. Robinson, David A. Jacobson
Summary: The study demonstrates that G(i/o)-GPCRs hyperpolarize beta-cell membrane potential by activating Na+/K(+)ATPases, leading to decreased insulin secretion. NKAs play a crucial role in this process, regulating electrical excitability, Ca2+ handling, and insulin secretion through a NKA-mediated mechanism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Clarissa Campbell, Alexander Y. Rudensky
Summary: Studies have shown that glycolysis has different effects on different types of T cells, which has important implications for the treatment of tumors and the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annie Hasib, Ming T. Ng, Victor A. Gault, Dawood Khan, Vadivel Parthsarathy, Peter R. Flatt, Nigel Irwin
Article
Cell Biology
Nupur M. Pathak, Paul J. B. Millar, Varun Pathak, Peter R. Flatt, Victor A. Gault
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Michael Conlon, Milena Mechkarska, Yasser H. Abdel-Wahab, Peter R. Flatt
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dawood Khan, Ryan Kelsey, Rashmi R. Maheshwari, Virginia M. Stone, Annie Hasib, Fiona N. Manderson Koivula, Aoife Watson, Stephen Harkin, Nigel Irwin, James A. Shaw, Neville H. McClenaghan, Viktoria Venglovecz, Attila Ebert, Malin Flodstrom-Tullberg, Michael G. White, Catriona Kelly
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dipak Sarnobat, Charlotte R. Moffett, Neil Tanday, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble, Peter R. Flatt, Andrei I. Tarasov
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Galyna Graham, J. Michael Conlon, R. Charlotte Moffett, Yasser H. Abdel-Wahab, Peter R. Flatt
Summary: The study showed that long-acting, dual-agonist anti-diabetic peptides can induce alpha-cell to beta-cell transdifferentiation, leading to increased pancreatic insulin content and plasma insulin concentrations. This suggests therapeutic potential for using proglucagon-derived peptides from phylogenetical ancient fish in diabetes treatment.
JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wiktoria Ratajczak, Sarah D. Atkinson, Catriona Kelly
Summary: TWEAK, a member of the TNF superfamily, controls various cellular events through different signaling pathways. It has a dual role in protecting healthy tissues and becoming detrimental in chronic inflammatory states. Fn14 and CD163 are the receptors for TWEAK, and the effects of TWEAK vary depending on the receptor it binds to.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Sarnobat, R. C. Moffett, P. R. Flatt, A. I. Tarasov
Summary: The study showed that metformin and rosiglitazone can help slow down the reduction of beta-cell pool in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, while tolbutamide may exacerbate beta-cell apoptosis but potentially protect beta-cells from chronic hyperglycemia by increasing insulin secretion directly.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Prawej Ansari, Peter R. Flatt, Patrick Harriott, J. M. A. Hannan, Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab
Summary: The study demonstrated the antidiabetic effects of Acacia arabica bark extract, showing potential as a treatment for diabetes. The isolated phytoconstituents, including quercetin and kaempferol, improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, indicating the benefits of using them as antidiabetic agents.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Julie Turbitt, Lorraine Brennan, R. Charlotte Moffett, Peter R. Flatt, Paul R. V. Johnson, Andrei I. Tarasov, Neville H. McClenaghan
Summary: The study found that taurine, alanine, and proline can promote insulin secretion through the regulation of ion transport and inhibition of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter. This action of taurine may have potential value in the treatment of diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan Kelsey, Fiona N. Manderson Koivula, Neville H. McClenaghan, Catriona Kelly
CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES
(2019)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vadivel Parthsarathy, Christopher Hogg, Peter R. Flatt, Finbarr P. M. O'Harte
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Srividya Vasu, Opeolu O. Ojo, R. Charlotte Moffett, J. Michael Conlon, Peter R. Flatt, Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dawood Khan, Srividya Vasu, R. Charlotte Moffett, Victor A. Gault, Peter R. Flatt, Nigel Irwin
BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soojung Hahn, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: This study utilized three-dimensional intestinal organoids to investigate the effects of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and found that metformin can enhance intestinal barrier function and reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. V. Sudarev, M. S. Gette, S. V. Bazhenov, O. M. Tilinova, E. V. Zinovev, I. V. Manukhov, A. I. Kuklin, Yu. L. Ryzhykau, A. V. Vlasov
Summary: This study investigated the self-assembly processes of ferritin-based protein complexes and obtained structurally characterized oligomeric states. These results provide new potential and opportunities for the application of ferritin in various fields.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yalda Sabaghi, Farnaz Pourfarzad, Leila Zolghadr, Azita Bahrami, Tahereh Shojazadeh, Alireza Farasat, Nematollah Gheibi
Summary: p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a plant compound with anti-cancer activities. This study designed a nano-liposomal carrier containing p-CA to enhance its effectiveness against melanoma cells. The findings showed that the liposomal form of p-CA had a greater impact on the cells. Kinetic modeling indicated that the best fitting model was zero-order.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. D. Nazmul Hasan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Al Asmaul Husna, Nobuhiro Nozaki, Osamu Yamato, Naoki Miura
Summary: This study investigated the expression of ncRNAs other than miRNAs in different histologic subtypes of canine mammary gland tumors (MGT). Three aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for differentiating MGT subtypes. YRNA and tRFs expression levels were found to be decreased in metastatic compared to primary MGT cell lines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seine A. Shintani
Summary: In this study, the researchers used signal analysis to study the instantaneous amplitude and phase of sarcomeric oscillations in skeletal muscle. They identified two types of oscillations, sarcomeric oscillations and sarcosynced oscillations, and visualized their behavior during propagating waves. The researchers discovered the presence of sarcomeric defect holes and sarcomeric collision holes, which are important indicators for understanding the oscillation properties of sarcomeres. This finding has important implications for improving our understanding of muscle function and its regulatory mechanisms.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuanglin Zhang, Yuzhong Jia, Guolan Ma, Yanyan Yang, Zhenzhen Cao, Antao Luo, Zefu Zhang, Shihan Li, Jie Wen, Hanfeng Liu, Jihua Ma
Summary: Bupleurum is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomotaka Ohkubo, Yasuhiko Matsumoto, Hiroaki Sasaki, Kaoru Kinoshita, Yuki Ogasawara, Takashi Sugita
Summary: This study found that Citrobacter koseri inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, disrupting the balance between S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, and exacerbating inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Toshifumi Asano, Philipp Sasse, Takao Nakata
Summary: A Cre recombination-based fluorescent reporter system was developed to monitor cell-cell fusion. The system successfully detected the formation of multinuclear myotubes and placental syncytiotrophoblast. This tool could facilitate the study of cell-to-cell fusion.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke Shi, Yunlong Shan, Xiao Sun, Kuida Chen, Qiong Luo, Qiang Xu
Summary: This study found that low expression of TP53INP2 is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. As the malignancy of CRC progresses, TP53INP2 expression gradually decreases. Knockdown of TP53INP2 promotes CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, TP53INP2 deficiency decreases phosphorylation of beta-catenin, leading to increased accumulation and enhanced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Additionally, TP53INP2 sequesters TIM50, inhibiting its activation of beta-catenin. In conclusion, downregulation of TP53INP2 promotes CRC progression by activating beta-catenin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Rossi, Fabio Tomaselli, Alejandro Hochkoeppler
Summary: Oligomeric enzymes are known for their higher catalytic rates compared to monomeric enzymes, but the extent of additivity in their activity is still not well understood. This study used tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase as a model to examine the kinetics of its catalytic action. Surprisingly, when the concentration of the limiting reactant exceeded that of a single subunit, there was a significant slowdown in the enzyme's conformational rearrangements.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin Sahraei, Mohammad Javad Shamsoddini, Fakhrossadat Mohammadi, Leila Hassani
Summary: This study explored the inhibitory effects of gallium curcumin, indium curcumin, and vanadyl curcumin on the amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme, as well as the binding interactions of these metal complexes with the enzyme. The results showed that indium curcumin and vanadyl curcumin exhibited higher binding affinities and stronger inhibitory effects on amyloid fibrillation compared to gallium curcumin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Sasaki, Yoshiki Kuse, Shinsuke Nakamura, Masamitsu Shimazawa
Summary: PGRN deficiency plays a significant role in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias post-myocardial infarction (MI), potentially by promoting metabolic abnormalities in macrophages.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongwei Zhao, Yiqiang Li, Yibo Zhang, Chi Zhang
Summary: Electrical brain stimulation technology is commonly used to treat brain neurological disorders, but it can cause side effects. This study investigated the impact of electric fields on nerve fibers and revealed the possible origin of side effects. The findings provide guidance for selecting electrical parameters in clinical stimulation therapy.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia S. Scott, Lake-Ee Quek, Andrew J. Hoy, Johannes V. Swinnen, Zeyad D. Nassar, Lisa M. Butler
Summary: The fatty acid elongation enzyme ELOVL5 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis in prostate cancer. Knocking down ELOVL5 leads to the accumulation of malonyl-CoA, which inhibits fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. This study highlights the importance of fatty acid elongation in regulating cell viability and provides a potential target for prostate cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zan Zhou, Wen-jun Jiang, Li Li, Jun-qiang Si
Summary: This study investigates the effect of noise exposure on cognitive function in mice and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings suggest that noise exposure leads to increased inflammation, increased phosphorylation of Tau protein, and decreased levels of postsynaptic density protein, resulting in cognitive impairment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)