Review
Infectious Diseases
Marcello Fiorani, Ege Tohumcu, Livio Enrico Del Vecchio, Serena Porcari, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and is associated with various gastric and extra-gastric disorders. Colonization of H. pylori affects the gastric microenvironment and gastrointestinal microbiota by regulating factors such as acidity, immune responses, antimicrobial peptides, and virulence factors. Eradication therapies for H. pylori can negatively impact the gut microbiota, but integrating probiotics into the treatment has been shown to mitigate these effects and improve eradication rates and patient compliance. This article provides an overview of the complex interaction between H. pylori and the gastrointestinal microbiota, emphasizing the consequences of eradication therapies and the benefits of probiotic supplementation.
Review
Microbiology
Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti, Saeid Latifi-Navid
Summary: The presence of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is a significant risk factor for gastric cancer, but only a small percentage of individuals infected with H. pylori will develop GC. Dysbiosis in the stomach microbiota can contribute to the development of gastric neoplasia, while certain bacterial species may have protective effects against carcinogenesis and inflammation in the human stomach. Understanding the interactions between H. pylori, intestinal microbiota, and the host is crucial for designing effective strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating gastric cancer.
Review
Immunology
Xi Chen, Nanxi Wang, Jiannan Wang, Binyou Liao, Lei Cheng, Biao Ren
Summary: In the human body, different microbial habitats exhibit distinct microbial population patterns and play a crucial role in the development of diseases. The oral cavity and gut are complex and interdependent microbial habitats, with Helicobacter pylori being one of the most important pathogens from the digestive tract. H. pylori infections can disrupt the normal gastric environment and enhance microbial interactions between the oral cavity and gut, thus reshaping the oral and gut microbiomes. The interaction between the oral-gut axis microbiota and H. pylori plays a significant role in H. pylori's colonization, infection, and pathogenicity. The balance of the microecology of the oral-gut axis can be altered by both H. pylori infection and eradication, which can impact the occurrence and progress of related diseases. The shift of oral-gut axis microbiota and their interactions with H. pylori may serve as potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiayin Yu, Zhihao Guo, Jiachang Yan, Changxin Bu, Chang Peng, Cuie Li, Rui Mao, Jian Zhang, Zhi Wang, Shi Chen, Meicun Yao, Zhiyong Xie, Chuan Yang, Yi Yan Yang, Peiyan Yuan, Xin Ding
Summary: This study reports a pH-responsive ROS nanogenerator composed of an acid-responsive metal polyphenol network (MPN) shell and a mesoporous metal-organic nanostructure core (Fe-HMME). The nanogenerators generate more ROS singlet oxygen than HMME under ultrasonication, fueled by oxygen generated through Fenton/Fenton-like reactions in the infection microenvironment. They show high therapeutic efficacy in killing multidrug-resistant H. pylori and removing biofilm, with negligible side effects on the normal gut microbiota. These self-enhanced ROS nanogenerators have great potential for H. pylori infection treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Guerra-Valle, Patricio Orellana-Palma, Guillermo Petzold
Summary: This review discusses the potential impact of plant-based polyphenols on H. pylori and their role in improving gut microbiota.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lingling Wang, Haobin Yao, Daniel C. Morgan, Kam Shing Lau, Suet Yi Leung, Joshua W. K. Ho, Wai K. Leung
Summary: The study finds that antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori leads to transient alteration in gut microbiota and significantly alters the previously less known gut virome community. Recurrent treatment further leads to lower virus community diversity and altered virus-bacteria interactions, compared with treatment naive patients.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Ling Zhang, Ming Zhao, Xiangsheng Fu
Summary: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common cause of gastric disease, but the increase in antibiotic resistance has made it challenging to eradicate. The stomach has a unique microecology that can have positive, negative, or neutral effects on microbial fitness and function. This article reviews the imbalance of gastric microecology and its relationship with H. pylori, as well as potential methods for modulating gastric microecology to facilitate H. pylori eradication, such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and microbiota transplantation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chikara Iino, Tadashi Shimoyama
Summary: Several studies have shown the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gut microbiota. Eradication of H. pylori can lead to changes in gut microbiota that may take a long time to revert to the original state. The modification of gastric acidity by long-term H. pylori infection can alter gut microbiota.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yang Guo, Xue-Shan Cao, Meng-Ge Zhou, Bo Yu
Summary: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The gastric microbiota, including both Helicobacter pylori and non-H. pylori microbes, plays a critical role in the development of gastric cancer. Dysbiosis of the gastric microbiota, with a decrease in non-H. pylori microbes, occurs following H. pylori infection. As gastric lesions progress, there is a decrease in H. pylori and an increase in non-H. pylori microbes. The roles of H. pylori and non-H. pylori microbes differ at different stages of gastric carcinogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Marine Jauvain, Sarah Courtois, Philippe Lehours, Emilie Bessede
Summary: Metformin was found to alter the composition and predicted function of the gut microbiota in H. pylori-infected mice by inhibiting specific bacterial taxa and changing their relative abundance and functional pathway expression. These modifications may contribute to the prevention of digestive cancer in mice infected with H. pylori.
Article
Immunology
Dongsheng Liu, Jinyun Wang, Yong Xie
Summary: Refractory Helicobacter pylori infection leads to significant alterations in gastric microbiota, inhibiting the growth of beneficial Lactobacillus. Patients with refractory H. pylori infection may be more prone to developing gastric cancer.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Maged T. Elghannam, Moataz H. Hassanien, Yosry A. Ameen, Emad A. Turky, Gamal M. ELattar, Ahmed A. ElRay, Mohammed D. ElTalkawy
Summary: H. pylori is a commensal organism associated with gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. The prevalence and impact of eradication therapy should be carefully considered based on specific communities and individual conditions. Combining probiotics with eradication therapy can reduce side effects and improve treatment outcomes. Test to treat policy should be tailored to highly endemic areas. However, H. pylori has also been found to have protective effects in certain diseases.
Review
Microbiology
Mariagrazia Piscione, Mariangela Mazzone, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Raffaella Muraro, Gabriella Mincione
Summary: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death in developed countries, mainly caused by Helicobacter pylori which is considered a type I carcinogen. The development of gastric cancer involves a progression from gastritis to intestinal metaplasia and eventual adenocarcinoma, with steps including chronic non-atrophic gastritis triggered by H. pylori infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chih-Ho Lai, Tzu-Lung Lin, Mei-Zi Huang, Shiao-Wen Li, Hui-Yu Wu, Ya-Fang Chiu, Chia-Yu Yang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Hsin-Chih Lai
Summary: Parabacteroides goldsteinii MTS01 can modulate gut microbiota composition and has anti-virulence factor functions, making it a potential novel functional probiotic for reducing H. pylori-induced pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Oana Marginean, Lorena Elena Melit, Maria Oana Sasaran
Summary: The carcinogenicity of H. pylori depends on bacterial virulence factors, environmental factors, and host genetic susceptibility. Microenvironmental factors play a key role in the relationship between H. pylori and microbiota, impacting the immune response and potential inflammation. Further research is needed to understand the precise role of bacterial community features and immune system components in the context of H. pylori infection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emanuele Rinninella, Ege Tohumcu, Pauline Raoul, Marcello Fiorani, Marco Cintoni, Maria Cristina Mele, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and has significant impacts on the body. Diet has a powerful influence on the functions and composition of gut microbiota, involving the immune system and the intestinal barrier. In this review article, we discuss the effects of specific dietary nutrients and patterns on the composition of human gut microbiota, as well as the potential application of diet as a therapeutic modulator for gut microbiota.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elisabetta Nardella, Federico Biscetti, Maria Margherita Rando, Andrea Leonardo Cecchini, Maria Anna Nicolazzi, Enrica Rossini, Flavia Angelini, Roberto Iezzi, Luis H. Eraso, Paul J. Dimuzio, Dario Pitocco, Massimo Massetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Andrea Flex
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a panel of biomarkers and the risk of cardiovascular events and limb events after lower-extremity endovascular revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Elevated levels of IL-1, IL-6, CRP, TNF-alpha, HMGB-1, OPG, and Sortilin, and low levels of Omentin-1 at baseline were found to be associated with worse vascular outcomes. Assessing the inflammatory state with this panel of biomarkers may help identify patients at higher risk of procedure failure and cardiovascular adverse events after revascularization.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giuseppe Marrone, Amato Serra, Luca Miele, Marco Biolato, Antonio Liguori, Antonio Grieco, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: Liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by nutritional alterations, affecting about 20% of patients with compensated disease and over 60% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Imbalance of amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), has been shown to be associated with complications and prognosis in these patients. Various studies have explored the use of BCAAs supplementation as a therapeutic option, but uncertainties persist regarding its real efficacy, optimal administration route, and dosage.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giuseppe Marano, Marianna Mazza, Francesco Maria Lisci, Michele Ciliberto, Gianandrea Traversi, Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis, Domenico De Berardis, Lucrezia Laterza, Gabriele Sani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Eleonora Gaetani
Summary: There is increasing interest in the role of intestinal microbiota and autoimmune processes in psychiatric diseases. Altered communication between the microbiota-gut-brain axis may be a cause of psychiatric disorders. This review explores the evidence for the involvement of gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Changes in gut microbiota composition can lead to increased intestinal permeability, resulting in a cytokine storm, systemic inflammation, and immune response. These events can affect neurotransmitter release, alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reduce trophic brain factors. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms connecting gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders.
Article
Allergy
Cristiano Caruso, Stefania Colantuono, Barbara Tolusso, Clara Di Mario, Giovanni Fancello, Marilena La Sorda, Giorgio Celi, Mario Caringi, Anna Volterrani, Desideria Descalzi, Elisa Gremese, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: This study aimed to find biomarkers that can monitor or predict the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). The results showed that both clinical and laboratory biomarkers can be used to monitor AIT effectiveness. Economic analysis also confirmed the positive impact of immunotherapy.
WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Valerio Papa, Tommaso Schepis, Gaetano Coppola, Michele Francesco Chiappetta, Livio Enrico Del Vecchio, Tommaso Rozera, Giuseppe Quero, Antonio Gasbarrini, Sergio Alfieri, Alfredo Papa
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a difficult-to-treat disease, and exploring the role of microbiota in its development and treatment holds promise for improving outcomes. The gut, pancreatic, and oral microbiota have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, and changes in these microbiota can potentially be used for early diagnosis and predicting treatment response. Further research is needed to increase the available data in this promising area.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Andrea Russo, Sara Salini, Giordana Gava, Giuseppe Merra, Andrea Piccioni, Giuseppe De Matteis, Gianluca Tullo, Angela Novelli, Martina Petrucci, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Landi, Francesco Franceschi, Marcello Covino
Summary: This study evaluates the prognostic role of serum PCT in older patients with suspect sepsis or infective diagnosis in the Emergency Department, with a focus on frailty status. The results show that PCT values at ED admission do not predict infective diagnosis or higher odds of in-hospital death. However, in frail older adults, PCT values in ED can be a useful predictor of bloodstream infection.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Federica Di Vincenzo, Alberto Nicoletti, Marcantonio Negri, Federica Vitale, Lorenzo Zileri Dal Verme, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Lucia Cerrito
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance in the hepato-biliary-pancreatic system, with metabolic and immunologic functions that influence the homeostasis of the whole organism and the pathogenesis of various diseases. Chronic liver disease and pancreatic disorders can cause imbalances in gut microbiota, leading to harmful consequences for the host's health. The modulation of gut microbiota through antibiotics represents a pioneering challenge with potential therapeutic opportunities, even for non-infectious diseases.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Matteo Garcovich, Mattia Paratore, Maria Elena Ainora, Laura Riccardi, Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco
Summary: The development of new applications in ultrasound imaging, especially elastography techniques, have strengthened the role of ultrasound in the management of liver disease. Among the new elastography techniques, shear wave dispersion has the potential to provide information about the viscosity of liver tissue and the pathologic state of the liver. Recent ultrasound devices have been embedded with software to evaluate shear wave dispersion/liver viscosity. This review discusses the feasibility and clinical applications of liver viscosity based on preliminary findings from animal and human studies.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Angelo Del Gaudio, Federica Di Vincenzo, Valentina Petito, Maria Cristina Giustiniani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Franco Scaldaferri, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
Summary: Immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) are a significant side effect arising from the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with checkpoint inhibitor colitis being the most widely reported IRAE. This review comprehensively discusses the current evidence regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of ICIs-induced colitis, including innovative therapies.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giuseppe Marrone, Marcello Covino, Giuseppe Merra, Andrea Piccioni, Annamaria Amodeo, Angela Novelli, Rita Murri, Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 patients treated with UDCA and found that UDCA treatment does not have a significant effect on the outcome of COVID-19. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in preventing infection and severe disease.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Filippo Pelizzaro, Franco Trevisani, Vittorio Simeon, Alessandro Vitale, Umberto Cillo, Fabio Piscaglia, Gabriele Missale, Angelo Sangiovanni, Francesco G. Foschi, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Eugenio Caturelli, Maria Di Marco, Francesco Azzaroli, Maurizia R. Brunetto, Giovanni Raimondo, Gianpaolo Vidili, Maria Guarino, Antonio Gasbarrini, Claudia Campani, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Edoardo G. Giannini, Andrea Mega, Alberto Masotto, Gian Ludovico Rapaccini, Donatella Magalotti, Rodolfo Sacco, Gerardo Nardone, Fabio Farinati
Summary: This study evaluated the incidence and predictors of non-transplantable recurrence in patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) <= 5 cm treated with liver resection (LR). The results showed that HCC size >= 4 cm and high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level at the time of LR were independent predictors of recurrence beyond established criteria. Microvascular invasion and microsatellite lesions were identified as additional independent risk factors for non-transplantable recurrence.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Olga. P. Nyssen, Pietro Pratesi, Miguel. A. Spinola, Laimas Jonaitis, Angeles Perez-Aisa, Dino Vaira, Ilaria Maria Saracino, Matteo Pavoni, Giulia Fiorini, Bojan Tepes, Dmitry. S. Bordin, Irina Voynovan, Angel Lanas, Samuel. J. Martinez-Dominguez, Enrique Alfaro, Luis Bujanda, Manuel Pabon-Carrasco, Luis Hernandez, Antonio Gasbarrini, Juozas Kupcinskas, Frode Lerang, Sinead. M. Smith, Oleksiy Gridnyev, Marcis Leja, Theodore Rokkas, Ricardo Marcos-Pinto, Antonio Mestrovic, Wojciech Marlicz, Vladimir Milivojevic, Halis Simsek, Lumir Kunovsky, Veronika Papp, Perminder. S. Phull, Marino Venerito, Lyudmila Boyanova, Doron Boltin, Yaron Niv, Tamara Matysiak-Budnik, Michael Doulberis, Daniela Dobru, Vincent Lamy, Lisette. G. Capelle, Emilijia Nikolovska Trpchevska, Leticia Moreira, Anna Cano-Catalia, Pablo Parra, Francis Megraud, Colm O'Morain, Guillermo. J. Ortega, Javier. P. Gisbert
Summary: The segmentation of patients into homogeneous groups can improve the effectiveness of eradication therapy. The study aims to determine the most important treatment strategies used in Europe and evaluate the effectiveness of first-line treatments based on year and country. The analysis found that the overall treatment effectiveness increased from 87% in 2013 to 93% in 2022, with the highest effectiveness achieved in 2022 using bismuth-quadruple therapy in Spain. Cluster analysis identified homogeneous treatment groups and assessed the effectiveness of different first-line treatments.
Review
Cell Biology
Vincenzo Giambra, Danilo Pagliari, Pierluigi Rio, Beatrice Totti, Chiara Di Nunzio, Annalisa Bosi, Cristina Giaroni, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Gambassi, Rossella Cianci
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic inflammation and an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The imbalance between the immune system and gut microbiota leads to changes in gut permeability, triggering inflammatory responses. This review provides an overview of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including their recognition mechanisms, signaling pathways, and contributions to immune responses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Leonardo Cecchini, Federico Biscetti, Matteo Manzato, Lorenzo Lo Sasso, Maria Margherita Rando, Maria Anna Nicolazzi, Enrica Rossini, Luis H. Eraso, Paul J. Dimuzio, Massimo Massetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Andrea Flex
Summary: This paper provides a literature review on pharmacotherapy for peripheral artery disease (PAD), focusing on the effects of different drug classes on inflammatory pathways. The study found that current treatments have anti-inflammatory properties that can potentially delay or prevent progression of PAD and improve outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)