Review
Neurosciences
Cristina Concetti, Denis Burdakov
Summary: The lateral hypothalamus plays a role in sleep-wake control by producing orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone neuropeptides. These neuropeptides can rapidly change their firing in response to external stimuli in awake animals. Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations suggest that rapid lateral hypothalamic dynamics shape cognitive and motor processes in the awake brain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Victoria Linehan, Michiru Hirasawa
Summary: Orexin and MCH neurons display different activation patterns during fasting, with orexin neurons primarily functioning in the later stage of fasting to promote arousal and foraging behaviors, while MCH neurons are preferentially activated in the early stage of fasting to protect against weight loss. This alternating activation of these neuron groups may optimize energy balance during ongoing fasting.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Sotelo, Jean Tyan, Chelsea Markunas, Bibi A. Sulaman, Lorraine Horwitz, Hankyu Lee, Joshua G. Morrow, Gideon Rothschild, Bo Duan, Ada Eban-Rothschild
Summary: The transition from wakefulness to sleep involves specific behaviors, such as nest-building and grooming, which are associated with stereotypic electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. The ability to build a nest promotes sleep initiation and consolidation, while the lack of nesting material disrupts sleep. Neuronal ensembles in the lateral hypothalamus regulate the motivation to engage in nest-building behavior and control sleep initiation and intensity.
Article
Fisheries
Haruhisa Fukada, Noriko Hosomi, Haruka Morino, Toshiro Masumoto
Summary: The results of two experiments suggest that the levels of NPY and MCH1 in yellowtail are mainly regulated by serum glucose concentration derived from feed, and they function as feeding stimulators.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoman He, Yuhang Li, Nana Zhang, Jinfang Huang, Xing Ming, Ruixiao Guo, Yang Hu, Pengfei Ji, Feifei Guo
Summary: The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) project to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and play a role in regulating anxiety-like behavior in mice. Chronic acute combining stress (CACS) leads to anxiety-like behavior and intestinal dysfunction, which can be improved by blocking MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) and regulating intestinal permeability and inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lucas Barretto-de-Souza, Shemar A. Joseph, Francesca M. Lynch, Alexandra J. Ng, Carlos C. Crestani, John P. Christianson
Summary: This study found that internal states can shape social behavior, and food and water deprivation can change the social preference of rats. It was also discovered that peptides between the lateral hypothalamus and insular cortex can regulate the direction of social approach or avoidance.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophie Croizier, Sebastien G. Bouret
Summary: The hypothalamus is a brain region responsible for controlling behaviors and physiological regulations. The development and function of specific neuronal populations within the hypothalamus, such as POMC and MCH neurons, are influenced by various factors including morphogen proteins, axon guidance molecules, cellular processes, and hormonal cues.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vishwendra Patel, Pallabi Sarkar, Dashiel M. Siegel, Suraj B. Teegala, Pamela R. Hirschberg, Hamad Wajid, Omar Itani, Vanessa H. Routh
Summary: Perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) orexin glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons are important for hypoglycemia awareness and arousal. Recurrent hypoglycemia impairs the glucose sensitivity of these neurons and leads to hypoglycemia unawareness. Modafinil can restore the glucose sensitivity of these neurons and restore hypoglycemia awareness.
Article
Neurosciences
Shuntaro Izawa, Takeshi Yoneshiro, Kunio Kondoh, Shohei Nakagiri, Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura, Akira Terao, Yasuhiko Minokoshi, Akihiro Yamanaka, Kazuhiro Kimura
Summary: Research indicates that mice with ablated MCH neurons have reduced body weight, increased BAT activity, and higher energy expenditure, suggesting that MCH neurons negatively modulate energy expenditure through modulating BAT activity. The study also suggests that MCH neurons may suppress BAT activity by providing inhibitory input to MRN neurons.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Lukas T. Oesch, Antoine R. Adamantidis
Summary: This review focuses on the electrical activity of feeding-promoting cells in the lateral hypothalamus across different states of vigilance, with a specific emphasis on REM sleep and its role in brain plasticity related to energy homeostasis and behavioral optimization.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuki Kobayashi, Tomoya Okada, Daisuke Miki, Yuko Sekino, Noriko Koganezawa, Tomoaki Shirao, Giovanne B. Diniz, Yumiko Saito
Summary: The primary cilium is a sensitive signaling hub in cells, capable of changing length to ensure efficient signaling capacity. In hippocampal neurons, MCH triggers cilia length reduction via MCHR1-mediated Gi/o and Akt signaling pathways.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meng Wang, Yue Zhai, Xiaowei Lei, Jing Xu, Bopei Jiang, Zhe Kuang, Cong Zhang, Shangyun Liu, Shan Bian, Xiao-Mei Yang, Tao Zan, Li-Na Jin, Qingfeng Li, Chao Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between MRAP2 and MCHR1, and found that MRAP2 could inhibit the signaling of MCHR1. Functional truncation experiments revealed the importance of the C-terminal domains of MRAP2 in pharmacological modulation. These findings elucidated the broad regulatory profile of MRAP2 in the central nervous system.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Gabriel E. Bertolesi, Sarah McFarlane
Summary: Plastic adaptation of skin color to match the environment is crucial for survival, involving both physiological and morphological responses. Unique molecules in teleosts, such as melanin-concentrating hormone like and somatolactin, play a key role in regulating skin pigmentation. These molecules form a previously unknown link between physiological and morphological pigmentation in fish.
PIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vicente Ruiz-Viroga, Jessika Urbanavicius, Pablo Torterolo, Patricia Lagos
Summary: MCH is a neuropeptide synthesized in the hypothalamic region, modulating various important functions in the central nervous system. Studies have shown that neurons can uptake R-MCH in vivo through a receptor-dependent and clathrin-mediated process, supporting the idea of volume transmission of MCH through the cerebrospinal fluid to reach distant targets.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ehsan Pashay Ahi, Mathilde Brunel, Emmanouil Tsakoumis, Junyu Chen, Monika Schmitz
Summary: The molecular pathophysiology of feeding disorders, especially in peripheral organs, is not yet fully understood. Recent attention has been given to the important role of the gastrointestinal tract in appetite and feeding regulation. This study investigates the gut expression patterns of appetite-regulating genes under different feeding conditions in a zebrafish mutant with impaired leptin receptor function. The findings suggest that most appetite-regulating genes are expressed in the zebrafish gut, and changes in feeding conditions result in differential expression of certain anorexigenic genes in both wild-types and lepr mutants. Impaired leptin signalling may influence the regulatory connections between anorexigenic genes in the zebrafish gut.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Therese W. Fabricius, Clementine E. M. Verhulst, Peter L. Kristensen, Cees J. Tack, Rory J. McCrimmon, Simon Heller, Mark L. Evans, Stephanie A. Amiel, Thomas R. Pieber, Bastiaan E. de Galan, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
Summary: The hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic glucose clamp technique is commonly used to study experimental hypoglycaemia, but there is a lack of uniform standard on how to perform these experiments. There are significant variations in key aspects of the methodology among studies, such as insulin dose, number of hypoglycaemic steps, hypoglycaemic nadirs, and duration. Missing key information in a large percentage of articles could impact the comparison of results between studies.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Charlotte K. Boughton, Aideen Daly, Hood Thabit, Sara Hartnell, David Herzig, Andreas Vogt, Yue Ruan, Malgorzata E. Wilinska, Mark L. Evans, Anthony P. Coll, Lia Bally, Roman Hovorka
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the variability of exogenous insulin requirements in inpatients with type 2 diabetes or new-onset hyperglycaemia during fully closed-loop insulin delivery. The results showed high day-to-day variability of exogenous insulin requirements, especially overnight. Diabetes management strategies should take this variability into consideration.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Keeran Vickneson, Jessica Blackburn, Jennifer R. Gallagher, Mark L. Evans, Bastiaan E. de Galan, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Bernard Thorens, Alison D. McNeilly, Rory J. McCrimmon
Summary: Non-diabetic rodents show two cardinal features of habituation, namely stimulus generalization and dishabituation. These findings further support the hypothesis that suppressed counterregulatory responses following exposure to recurrent hypoglycemia in diabetes result from habituation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucile Cathiard, Valerie Fraulob, Daniel D. Lam, Miguel Torres, Juliane Winkelmann, Wojciech Krezel
Summary: This study investigated the role of MEIS1 in striatal dopaminergic signaling and found that a null mutation of MEIS1 in DRD2(+) cells does not lead to RLS-like symptoms or dysfunction of the DRD2 pathway.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aideen Daly, Sara Hartnell, Charlotte K. Boughton, Mark Evans
Summary: This study reviewed the challenges of type 1 diabetes management in patients with gastroparesis and showed that using a hybrid closed-loop system significantly improved glycemic control in a case series of 7 patients.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel D. Lam, Ana Antic Nikolic, Chen Zhao, Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber, Wojciech Krezel, Konrad Oexle, Juliane Winkelmann
Summary: This study revealed that the regulation of MEIS1 is organized in a modular pattern, and the association with insomnia and restless legs syndrome may be attributed to the specific regulatory role of distinct highly conserved intronic elements on MEIS1 expression.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Tawakalitu Abosede Kehinde, Alisha Bhatia, Bukola Olarewaju, Muhammad Zain Shoaib, Jehan Mousa, Mayowa Azeez Osundiji
Summary: Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. Recent advancements in sequencing technologies have provided insights into the genetic causes of obesity. Syndromic obesity, which is caused by chromosomal or monogenic defects, is associated with various comorbidities and can impact neurodevelopment. Understanding the neurodevelopmental challenges in syndromic obesity may pave the way for personalized dietary and physical activity management approaches.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Clementine E. M. Verhulst, Therese W. Fabricius, Steven Teerenstra, Peter L. Kristensen, Cees J. Tack, Rory J. McCrimmon, Simon Heller, Mark L. Evans, Stephanie A. Amiel, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Bastiaan E. de Galan
Summary: This systematic review compared the activation thresholds for counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia between individuals with type 1 diabetes and those without diabetes, using stepped hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic glucose clamps.
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hood Thabit, Charlotte Boughton, Womba Mubita, Jose Rubio, Julia K. Mader, Parth Narendran, Mark Evans, Lalantha Leelarathna, Malgorzata E. Wilinska, Catherine Fullwood, Alice M. Gregory, Roman Hovorka, Martin K. Rutter
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aideen B. B. Daly, Charlotte K. K. Boughton, Munachiso Nwokolo, Sara Hartnell, Malgorzata E. E. Wilinska, Alina Cezar, Mark L. L. Evans, Roman Hovorka
Summary: The benefits of fully closed-loop insulin delivery in adults with type 2 diabetes are unclear. A study compared the use of closed-loop therapy with standard insulin therapy and found that closed-loop therapy improved glucose control and reduced mean glucose levels. This suggests that fully closed-loop insulin delivery may be a safe and effective method for improving outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rajna Golubic, Mouhamad Hussein Ismail, Masa Josipovic, Jane Kennet, Alfonso Galderisi, Mark L. Evans
Summary: Evidence from mouse models suggests that brain serotonergic pathways control blood glucose. We conducted a trial with 10 overweight adults and found that sumatriptan, a 5HT(1B)-receptor agonist, altered glucose homeostasis in humans. The results showed that sumatriptan increased glucose excursion, likely due to reduced insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, and glucose effectiveness.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rama Lakshman, Aideen B. Daly, Munachiso Nwokolo, Sara Hartnell, Malgorzata E. Wilinska, Alina Cezar, Mark L. Evans, Roman Hovorka, Charlotte K. Boughton
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shannon Edd, Javier Castaneda, Pratik Choudhary, Ralf Kolassa, Winfried Keuthage, Jens Kroeger, Charles Thivolet, Mark Evans, Roseline Re, Jessica Cellot, Simona de Portu, Linda Vorrink, John Shin, Tim van den Heuvel, Ohad Cohen, ADAPT Study Grp
Summary: The study aimed to assess the 6-month and 12-month sustained efficacy of the MiniMedT 780G advanced hybrid closed-loop automated insulin delivery system compared to MDI+isCGM therapy in type 1 diabetes patients not meeting glucose targets. The results showed that AID therapy can continuously improve glycemic control during the continuation phase, supporting the early adoption of AID therapy.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hood Thabit, Charlotte Boughton, Womba Mubita, Jose Rubio, Stuart Allen, Robert Heugh, Julia K. Mader, Parth Narendran, Mark Evans, Lalantha Leelarathna, Malgorzata E. Wilinska, Catherine Fullwood, Clifford Garratt, Roman Hovorka, Martin K. Rutter
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dhamyaa Abed Najm Al-Halboosi, Olena Savchenko, Lora K. Heisler, Sergiy Sylantyev
Summary: Obesity is a global health challenge caused by excessive calorie intake. The brain plays a crucial role in controlling food intake, and NAG neurons, which co-express NPY, AgRP, and GABA, are identified as hunger and food intake stimulators. Activation of 5-HT1BR leads to a decrease in food intake by suppressing NAG neuron activity and neurotransmitter release.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
