Review
Psychiatry
Michael V. Baratta, Martin E. P. Seligman, Steven F. Maier
Summary: Learned helplessness refers to the debilitating consequences that follow an uncontrollable adverse event, but not when the event is controllable. Recent research suggests that prolonged exposure to aversive stimulation activates serotonergic neurons in the brainstem and produces this debilitation. However, an instrumental controlling response can prevent debilitation by activating prefrontal circuitry and altering the response to future adverse events, thereby promoting long-term resilience.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wen-Jing Ren, Ya-Fei Zhao, Jie Li, Patrizia Rubini, Zeng-Qiang Yuan, Yong Tang, Peter Illes
Summary: This study found that in a mouse model of major depressive disorder, depression-like behavior can be aggravated by microinjecting the P2X7R agonist ATP or its analog dibenzoyl-ATP into the medial prefrontal cortex, and this effect can be reversed by the P2X7R antagonist JNJ-47965567.
Article
Neurosciences
Danilo Benette Marques, Rafael Naime Ruggiero, Lezio Soares Bueno-Junior, Matheus Teixeira Rossignoli, Joao Pereira Leite
Summary: The perception of control over a stressful experience may determine its impacts and generate resistance against future stressors. The study on male rats suggests that hippocampal-prefrontal network theta activity supports cognitive mechanisms of stress coping and is associated with escape performance and vulnerability to stress-related disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Tatiana D. Viena, Gabriela E. Rasch, Timothy A. Allen
Summary: The paraventricular nucleus (PVT) of the midline thalamus is a crucial integration site for cortico-thalamo-cortical pathways and plays a critical role in various behaviors. This study characterized the projection populations of PVT neurons that send collaterals to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and/or ventral hippocampus (vHC) in rats. The study also examined the distribution of calcium binding proteins calretinin (CR) and calbindin (CB) in relation to these projection populations. The results revealed separate populations of PVT cells that project to mPFC, vHC, and both regions, with dual projecting cells lacking expression of CR and CB. The study suggests the presence of a functional mPFC-PVT-vHC system that may support interactions between the mPFC and vHC in PVT-dependent behaviors.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Romain Ligneul, Zachary Mainen, Verena Ly, Roshan Cools
Summary: The human brain estimates task controllability by comparing predictive models and exposure to uncontrollable stress leads to distortion in this process. Different brain regions play different roles in controllability estimation, and anxiety symptoms influence the direction of controllability estimation.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Laura E. Meine, Jana Meier, Benjamin Meyer, Michele Wessa
Summary: Animal research has shown that control is crucial in the brain's stress response. This study investigated the effects of controllable vs. uncontrollable aversive stimuli on brain function in humans, finding that being able to control the stressor led to reduced activation in stress-responsive regions and decreased feelings of helplessness. The findings support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in regulating stress responses dependent on controllability.
Article
Psychiatry
Sidney Yap, Jessica Luki, Christopher C. Hanstock, Peter Seres, Tami Shandro, Sarah E. C. Hanstock, Alynna Lirette, Huaying (Helen) Zhao, Katherine J. Aitchison, Jean-Michel Le Melledo
Summary: The study found that perimenopause is associated with decreases in MPFC Glu levels, which may contribute to the increased risk of experiencing depression during this period. Further research should focus on assessing MPFC Glu levels in perimenopausal women suffering from MD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. E. Matisz, M. Patel, N. S. Hong, R. J. McDonald, A. J. Gruber
Summary: Chronic inflammatory diseases are often associated with anxiety in humans. This study found that prolonged gut inflammation is sufficient to induce anxiety-related behaviors in mice. The research suggests that chronic inflammation may affect memory consolidation processes, leading to the generalization of negative associations and fearful responses in inappropriate contexts.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Geoffrey W. Diehl, A. David Redish
Summary: Decision-making requires different aspects of information and involves multiple cognitive processes. The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to play a central role in these abilities. Previous studies on mPFC function have yielded controversial results, but this study with rats performing an economic decision task revealed four distinct functional domains within mPFC, closely related to anatomical subregions. Dorsal mPFC regions were more involved in processing active decisions, while ventral regions were more engaged in motivational factors.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marisela Hernandez-Gonzalez, Francisco Javier Barrera-Cobos, Enrique Hernandez-Arteaga, Ignacio Gonzalez-Burgos, Mario Flores-Soto, Miguel Angel Guevara, Pedro Manuel Cortes
Summary: Sexual experience improves copulatory performance in male rats by promoting changes in the density of dendritic spines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Specifically, sexually experienced rats exhibited higher total dendritic density and increased numerical density of certain types of dendritic spines in the mPFC and NAcc. Furthermore, there was a shift in the proportional density of different types of dendritic spines towards a higher proportion of mushroom spines. These findings suggest that sexual experience can lead to consolidation of synaptic information in the brain regions involved in sexual behavior.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cyril Atkinson-Clement, Camille-Albane Porte, Astrid de Liege, Yanica Klein, Cecile Delorme, Benoit Beranger, Romain Valabregue, Cecile Gallea, Trevor W. Robbins, Andreas Hartmann, Yulia Worbe
Summary: Tourette disorder (TD) is not generally considered a product of impulsivity, but unmedicated TD patients show increased waiting impulsivity compared to controls, which correlates with tic severity. Waiting impulsivity is related to functional connectivity of orbito-frontal cortex with caudate nucleus and structural changes within limbic areas in TD patients. The study suggests that waiting impulsivity in TD is specifically related to tic severity and certain brain structures.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
David M. Bortz, Catalina M. Feistritzer, Cassidy C. Power, Anthony A. Grace
Summary: This study investigates how the activation of the medial septum (MS) influences dopamine (DA) neuron activity and performance in strategy switching after discrimination training. The results show that MS activation improves the switching of the previously learned strategy and may do so through the regulation of DA neuron responsivity.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Christina M. Mecca, Dongman Chao, Guoliang Yu, Yin Feng, Ian Segel, Zhiyong Zhang, Dianise M. Rodriguez-Garcia, Christopher P. Pawela, Cecilia J. Hillard, Quinn H. Hogan, Bin Pan
Summary: The study showed that alterations in endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are related to the development of depression after pain in rats with traumatic neuropathy (SNI). This suggests a potential mechanism for pain-induced depression involving excessive release of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and loss of CB1R function leading to excessive GABA release in the mPFC.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Imre Kallo, Azar Omrani, Frank J. Meye, Han de Jong, Zsolt Liposits, Roger A. H. Adan
Summary: Orexin neurons play a role in homeostatic regulatory processes and provide input to VTA, a central hub processing reward and motivation. This study found that the VTA neurons projecting to the mNAcs receive more input from orexin neurons compared to those projecting to the mPFC. Orexin exerts facilitatory effects on both clusters of dopamine neurons.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Gabor Csifcsak, Jorunn Bjorkoy, Sarjo Kuyateh, Haakon Reithe, Matthias Mittner
Summary: Recent studies suggest that choice behavior in reinforcement learning tasks is influenced by outcome controllability, with Pavlovian bias being enhanced under low control. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) above the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has the potential to improve decision-making and mitigate maladaptive behaviors. Computational modeling showed that HD-tDCS modulated learning rate and choice randomness, highlighting its potential for interfering with choice arbitration under low control.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Laurent Elkrief, Bochao Lin, Mattia Marchi, Mohammad H. Afzali, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Erin Burke Quinlan, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Juliane H. Froehner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Jurjen Luykx, Marco P. Boks, Patricia J. Conrod
Summary: This study examines the relationship between cannabis use, genetic risk for schizophrenia, and psychotic-like experiences. The results suggest that cannabis use remains a risk factor for psychotic-like experiences, above and beyond genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Raka Maitra, Charlotte M. Horne, Owen O'Daly, Evangelos Papanastasiou, Christian Gaser, Tobias Banaschewski, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Ruediger Bruehl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Herve Lemaitre, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Froehner, Lauren Robinson, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Jeanne M. Winterer, Robert Whelan, Erin Burke Quinlan, Alex Ing, Gunter Schumann, Sukhi Shergill
Summary: The study found that Psychotic Like Experiences (PLEs) in adolescents are associated with changes in cortical gyrification, indicating abnormal neurodevelopment. Adolescents with higher PLEs had lower cortical gyrification in the fronto-temporal regions in the left hemisphere, and higher cortical gyrification in the right parietal cortex during late adolescence. The study also revealed that adolescents with high PLEs were 5.6 times more likely to develop psychosis by age 23.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Jinan Abi Jumaa, Antonia Bendau, Andreas Stroehle, Andreas Heinz, Felix Betzler, Moritz Bruno Petzold
Summary: This study aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and other migrants in Germany. The findings showed that the pandemic has caused psychological distress, anxiety, and depression in this specific population group. Limited information about access to medical treatment and concerns about their families back home have increased the existing psychological symptoms among refugees.
TRANSCULTURAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael Strupf, Maren Wiechers, Malek Bajbouj, Kerem Boege, Carine Karnouk, Stephan Goerigk, Inge Kamp-Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Michael Rapp, Alkomiet Hasan, Peter Falkai, Andrea Jobst-Heel, Ute Habel, Thomas Stamm, Andreas Heinz, Andreas Hoell, Max Burger, Tilmann Bunse, Edgar Hoehne, Nassim Mehran, Franziska Kaiser, Eric Hahn, Paul Plener, Aline Uebleis, Frank Padberg
Summary: Research on outcome predictors in transcultural treatment for refugees and asylum seekers is limited. This study aimed to evaluate predictors of outcome for a group intervention (Empowerment) in RAS with affective disorders. The severity of depression and perceived self-efficacy at baseline were found to be predictors of symptom improvement in the Empowerment treatment.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhipeng Cao, Renata B. Cupertino, Jonatan Ottino-Gonzalez, Alistair Murphy, Devarshi Pancholi, Anthony Juliano, Bader Chaarani, Matthew Albaugh, Dekang Yuan, Nathan Schwab, James Stafford, Anna E. Goudriaan, Kent Hutchison, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Maartje Luijten, Martine Groefsema, Reza Momenan, Lianne Schmaal, Rajita Sinha, Ruth J. van Holst, Dick J. Veltman, Reinout W. Wiers, Bernice Porjesz, Tristram Lett, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rudiger Bruehl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Froehner, Lauren Robinson, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Jeanne Winterer, Gunter Schumann, Robert Whelan, Ravi R. Bhatt, Alyssa Zhu, Patricia Conrod, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M. Thompson, Scott Mackey, Hugh Garavan
Summary: In this study, researchers identified a shared spatial pattern of cortical thickness (CT) in normative development and several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Further analysis revealed significant spatial correspondences between this pattern and widespread lower CT observed in psychiatric disorders, as well as the spatial pattern of normative maturation and aging. Transcriptional analysis also identified a set of genes closely related to this pattern, indicating disrupted neurodevelopment in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases emerging during adolescence.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alice Chavanne, Marie Laure Paillere Martinot, Jani Penttilae, Yvonne Grimmer, Patricia Conrod, Argyris Stringaris, Betteke van Noort, Corinna Isensee, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Ruediger Bruehl, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah S. Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane Froehner, Michael Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Eric Artiges
Summary: Recent studies have found MRI correlates of prospective anxiety symptoms in youth, but their predictive value is still uncertain. This study used machine-learning algorithms to predict clinical anxiety using MRI data and psychometric scores. The results showed that psychometric features were the main predictors for overall anxiety disorders, while MRI regional volumes were more valuable for predicting GAD. In conclusion, future clinical anxiety in non-anxious 14-year-old adolescents can be individually predicted using psychometric features, and including neuroanatomical data improves the prediction of GAD.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberto Pagano, Ahmad Salamian, Janusz Zielinski, Anna Beroun, Maria Nalberczak-Skora, Edyta Skonieczna, Anna Caly, Nicole Tay, Tobias Banaschewski, Sylvane Desrivieres, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Andreas Heinz, Ruediger Bruehl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Juliane H. Froehner, Michael N. Smolka, Nilakshi Vaidya, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Katarzyna Kalita, Haruhiko Bito, Christian P. Mueller, Gunter Schumann, Hiroyuki Okuno, Kasia Radwanska
Summary: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic and fatal disease with a high likelihood of relapse. This study identifies a mechanism involving the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc)/ARG3.1-dependent plasticity of amygdala synapses that selectively controls cue-induced alcohol relapse and AUD symptoms. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms and methylation in the ARC gene were associated with amygdala size and frequency of alcohol use, even at the onset of regular consumption. Targeting Arc during alcohol cue exposure may provide a new approach for relapse prevention.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Rene Freichel, Janine Pfirrmann, Janna Cousjin, Peter de Jong, Ingmar Franken, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Andreas Heinz, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Sarah H. Hohmann, Juliane N. Froehner, Michael Smolka, Nilakshi Vaidya, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Henrik M. Walter, Ilya W. Veer, Reinout Wiers
Summary: This study aims to examine the dynamic associations between distal and proximal risk factors (personality traits, life stressors, and drinking motives) and their relationship with alcohol use in adolescence and early adulthood. The findings suggest that heavy and frequent alcohol use, along with social drinking motives, are key targets for preventing alcohol-related problems during late adolescence. However, there was no evidence found for personality traits and life stressors predisposing towards distinct drinking motives over time.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Serhan Isikli, Gokhan Bahtiyar, Nabi Zorlu, Selin Dusmez, Basak Bagci, Adem Bayrakci, Andreas Heinz, Miriam Sebold
Summary: This study investigated the differences in reward processing between individuals with obesity and healthy weight control subjects. The results showed that individuals with obesity had lower sensitivity to non-food rewards, but intact reward motivation and learning. These findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying dysfunctional choices in obesity.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Annika Walinski, Julia Sander, Gabriel Gerlinger, Vera Clemens, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas Heinz
Summary: Climate change has negative and complex effects on human living conditions and health, including mental health. Extreme weather events and chronic stresses due to climate change increase the risk of mental disorders and psychological distress. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and effects of climate change on mental health.
DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Xavier Navarri, Daniel E. Vosberg, Jean Shin, Louis Richer., Gabriel Leonard., G. Bruce. Pike, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Ruediger Bruehl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Juliane H. Frohner, Michael N. Smolka, Nilakshi Vaidya, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Zdenka Pausova, Tomas Paus
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between cognitive abilities, cortical thickness, and genetic variations related to neuronal plasticity in adolescent brains. The results suggest that these genetic variations play a role in the brain-behavior relationship and may contribute to inter-individual variations in cortical thickness related to cognitive abilities, especially in male adolescents. However, the findings were not replicated in female adolescents.
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Kevin de Matos, Claire Cury, Lydia T. Chougar, Lachlan Strike, Thibault Rolland, Maximilien Riche, Lisa Hemforth, Alexandre Martin, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rudiger Bruhl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Herve Lemaitre, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina H. Millenet, Juliane N. Frohner, Michael Smolka, Nilakshi Vaidya, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Vincent Frouin, Meritxell Bach Cuadra, Olivier Colliot, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
Summary: The temporo-basal region of the human brain consists of the collateral, occipito-temporal, and rhinal sulci. In this study, we manually evaluated the connections between these sulci using MRI data from nearly 3400 individuals, including twins. We found hemisphere-dependent frequency and sexual dimorphism in these connections, with differences between males and females.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lukas Thomas Bott, Kathrin Gobel, Michael Heil, Aleksandra Kelic-Heil, Rene Reifarth, Marialuisa Aliotta, Tahani Almusidi, Hector Alvarez-Pol, Leyla Atar, Liam Atkins, Thomas Aumann, Daniel Bemmerer, Jose Benlliure, Carlos Bertulani, Konstanze Boretzky, Benjamin Bruckner, Leonhard Brandenburg, Giovanni Bruni, Pablo Cabanelas Eiras, Christoph Caesar, Enrique Casarejos, Joakim Cederkall, Leonid Chulkov, Dolores Cortina-Gil, Andrey Danilov, Enrico De Filippo, Sophia Florence Dellmann, Isabell Deuter, Jose Antonio Duenas Diaz, Meytal Duer, Zoltan Elekes, Philipp Erbacher, Sonia Escribano Rodriguez, Zsolt Fulop, Ashton Falduto, Manuel Feijoo, Stefan Fiebiger, Igor Gasparic, Daniel Galaviz, Maria Jose Garcia Borge, Gabriel Garcia-Jimenez, Elena Geraci, Roman Gernhauser, Jan Glorius, Brunilde Gnoffo, David Gonzalez Caamano, Antia Grana Gonzalez, Alexander Grein, Anna-Lena Hartig, Tanja Heftrich, Henning Heggen, Marcel Heine, Andreas Heinz, Corinna Henrich, Thomas Hensel, Matthias Holl, Ilja Homm, Akos Horvath, Andrea Horvat, Andrea Jedele, Desa Jelavic Malenica, Tobias Jenegger, Hakan T. Johansson, Bjorn Jonson, Julian Kahlbow, Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki, Armel Kamenyero, Kafa Khasawneh, Oleg Kiselev, Philipp Klenze, Marco Knosel, Karsten Koch, Marvin Kohls, Daniel Korper, Thorsten Kroll, Sabina Krasilovskaja, Dmytro Kresan, Deniz Kurtulgil, Nikolaus Kurz, Bastian Loher, Christoph Langer, Claudia Lederer-Woods, Christopher Lehr, Yuri A. Litvinov, Enis Lorenz, Nunzia Simona Martorana, Tohru Motobayashi, Silvia Murillo Morales, Enrique Nacher, Thomas Nilsson, Emanuele Vincenzo Pagano, Valerii Panin, Joochun Park, Stefanos Paschalis, Angel Perea, Marina Petri, Sara Pirrone, Ralf Plag, Lukas Ponnath, Romana Popocovsk, Markus Reich, Han-Bum Rhee, Jose Luis Rodriguez Sanchez, Dominic Rossi, Paolo Russotto, Angel-Miguel Sanchez-Benitez, Christian Surder, Deniz Savran, Heiko Scheit, Konrad Schmidt, Hendrik Schulte, Haik Simon, Johannes Simon, Viktor Starostin, Sonja Storck-Dutine, Hans Toshihide Tornqvist, Junki Tanaka, Olof Tengblad, Benedikt Thomas, Marina Trimarchi, Stefan Typel, Laszlo Varga, Klaus Volk, Meiko Volknandt, Vadim Wagner, Felix Wamers, Mario Weigand, Lorenzo Zanetti
Summary: We measured the Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12 at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany. With this indirect method, we aim to improve the accuracy of the experimental data at lower energies. New detector systems were built to cope with the high-intensity O-16 beam.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN ASTROPHYSICS - X, NPA-X 2022
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Linda Sanftenberg, Antina Beutel, Chris Maria Friemel, Robert Philipp Kosilek, Maggie Schauer, Thomas Elbert, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Sabine Gehrke-Beck, Tomke Schubert, Konrad Schmidt
Summary: The PICTURE trial in Germany aims to test a brief psychological intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following intensive care unit treatment. This study found that a short-term psychological intervention in a primary care setting is feasible and well-received, particularly when there is a long-term trustful relationship between patient and GP team, the intervention is conducted by a medical doctor, the GP team maintains a professional emotional distance, and the intervention is brief.
Article
Psychiatry
Lasse Brandt, Kerstin Ritter, Johannes Schneider-Thoma, Spyridon Siafis, Christiane Montag, Hakan Ayrilmaz, Felix Bermpohl, Alkomiet Hasan, Andreas Heinz, Stefan Leucht, Stefan Gutwinski, Heiner Stuke
Summary: This study used machine learning to identify general prognostic factors and specific predictors for relapse in individuals with psychotic disorders. The study found that drug-positive urine, paranoid, disorganised, and undifferentiated types of schizophrenia, psychiatric and neurological adverse events, and discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment were general prognostic factors for relapse. Increased prolactin concentration, higher number of hospitalisations, and smoking were specific predictors for relapse after discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
