Article
Neurosciences
Jung E. Park, Pawan Mathew, Jonathan Sackett, Tianxia Wu, Monica Villegas, Mark Hallett
Summary: This study investigated the influence of the posterior parietal cortex on the ipsilateral ventral premotor cortex using TMS. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of the left posterior parietal cortex on the ipsilateral ventral premotor cortex is intact in both healthy subjects and WC patients at rest. Additionally, a facilitatory effect of the posterior parietal cortex on the primary motor cortex was found in both groups.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lukas Gassmann, Pedro Caldana Gordon, Ulf Ziemann
Summary: By measuring responses throughout the cerebral cortex to cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (cbTMS) using electroencephalography (EEG), this study found that these responses may provide biomarkers for assessing the integrity of the cerebello-dentato-thalamo-cortical pathway.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria Vasileiadi, Anna-Lisa Schuler, Michael Woletz, David Linhardt, Christian Windischberger, Martin Tik
Summary: This study investigated the functional neuroanatomy of language production by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The results showed a dissociation of language functions within the posterior temporal gyrus, with phonological and semantic errors located in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and anomia and speech arrest errors located in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). These findings provide important insights into specific language production difficulties and contribute to the understanding of the neural basis of language production.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Turrini, Naomi Bevacqua, Antonio Cataneo, Emilio Chiappini, Francesca Fiori, Simone Battaglia, Vincenzo Romei, Alessio Avenanti
Summary: Aging is associated with a decline in motor control and neural plasticity. The plasticity in premotor-motor circuits predicts hand motor abilities in young and elderly humans. Physiological indices of PMv-M1 plasticity could provide a neurophysiological marker of fine motor control across age-groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Giacomo Guidali, Agnese Zazio, Delia Lucarelli, Eleonora Marcantoni, Antonietta Stango, Guido Barchiesi, Marta Bortoletto
Summary: This study investigates the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters on evoked potentials (TEPs) and motor-evoked potentials (MEP). The results show that TMS parameters significantly affect the amplitude, latency, and replicability of M1-P15 TEPs. The study highlights the importance of controlling stimulation parameters for stable single-subject measurements and developing connectivity biomarkers from TEPs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna-Lisa Schuler, Diandra Brkic, Giulio Ferrazzi, Giorgio Arcara, Daniele Marinazzo, Giovanni Pellegrino
Summary: Cortical excitability, commonly measured by magnetic stimulation and behavioral response, can be limited in spatial range and fail to account for intrinsic fluctuations. This study introduces a measure for intrinsic excitability based on phase synchronization and applies it to magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings during exposure to auditory white noise. Results show a specific pattern of decreased frontal lobe excitability and increased temporal lobe excitability during white noise exposure, providing insight into the effects of specific environmental stimuli on cortical excitability.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Hamzah Magsood, R. L. Hadimani
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique used for diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions, but the lack of realistic physical models has hindered the development of new protocols. A research team has developed an accurate brain and head phantom for testing TMS effects, created through segmentation of MRI images and filling with conductive polymer, with SEM images and voltage measurements confirming its anatomical accuracy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathira Ahmad, Samantha Zorns, Katherine Chavarria, Janet Brenya, Aleksandra Janowska, Julian Paul Keenan
Summary: The TPJ plays an important role in social cognition, particularly in distinguishing self from others, with studies focusing on Autism and Schizophrenia. Through techniques such as TMS, it has been shown that the right TPJ moderates self and other distinctions, establishing a causal relationship between the underlying cortex and agency.
Article
Biology
Maria C. Romero, Lara Merken, Peter Janssen, Marco Davare
Summary: Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) is a standard non-invasive technique for inducing offline changes in cortical excitability, but it exhibits high variability across subjects. By applying continuous TBS (cTBS) to awake behaving rhesus monkeys, a pronounced, long-lasting, and highly reproducible reduction in neuronal excitability was observed, shedding new light on the reasons underlying TBS variability.
Review
Neurosciences
Mario Ibrahin Gutierrez, Irais Poblete-Naredo, Jorge Airy Mercado-Gutierrez, Cinthya Lourdes Toledo-Peral, Jimena Quinzanos-Fresnedo, Oscar Yanez-Suarez, Josefina Gutierrez-Martinez
Summary: This systematic literature review (SLR) presents and analyzes the evolution of various components of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technology, assessing the limitations to overcome. Through the analysis of 101 articles, it was found that there have been advancements in new stimulator designs, coil improvements, coil placement systems, and coil optimization algorithms. However, more emphasis should be placed on optimizing current technology and experimental validation of models.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert L. Folmer
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been studied for 20 years as a potential treatment for chronic tinnitus. Many studies have shown that repetitive TMS (rTMS) can effectively reduce the severity of tinnitus and its associated conditions. However, there is a debate about the effectiveness of rTMS compared to sham rTMS. There are several unresolved issues in this field that need to be addressed.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Klara Reisch, Franziska Boettcher, Mehmet S. Tuncer, Heike Schneider, Peter Vajkoczy, Thomas Picht, Lucius S. Fekonja
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of a tractography-based nTMS language mapping protocol with a traditional perisylvian nTMS protocol, finding that the tractography-based method had significantly higher error rates and could more accurately locate language functional areas.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Wei-Yeh Liao, George M. Opie, Ulf Ziemann, John G. Semmler
Summary: Previous research has shown that the connectivity between dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and motor cortex (M1) weakens with age. However, the influence of PMd on specific indirect wave circuits within M1 and its effect on age are unclear. This study investigates the influence of PMd on early and late I-wave excitability in M1 of young and older adults.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Lukas Ga, Pedro Caldana Gordon, Ulf Ziemann
Summary: Recently, discrepancies were found in EEG responses in the cerebral cortex elicited by cerebellar TMS. The authors discussed possible reasons for the observed differences and highlighted the significance of reliably measuring cbTMS-evoked EEG responses in testing cerebellum-to-cortex connectivity.
Article
Neurosciences
Brittany K. Rurak, Julian P. Rodrigues, Brian D. Power, Peter D. Drummond, Ann-Maree Vallence
Summary: With advancing age, there is a decline in voluntary movement control, possibly due to reduced effective connectivity between the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex. Older adults show lower SMA-M1 connectivity but better connectivity is associated with better bimanual motor control in this age group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marina Diomedi, Alessandro Rocco, Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi, Alfredo Paolo Mascolo, Vincenzo De Lucia, Federico Marrama, Fabrizio Sallustio, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana
Summary: The study found that measures of hypoperfusion in patients with Alzheimer's disease varied along the AD continuum, and hypoperfusion was inversely correlated with CSF amyloid beta 42 levels.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Philipp J. Koch, Chang-Hyun Park, Gabriel Girard, Elena Beanato, Philip Egger, Giorgia Giulia Evangelista, Jungsoo Lee, Maximilian J. Wessel, Takuya Morishita, Giacomo Koch, Jean-Philippe Thiran, Adrian G. Guggisberg, Charlotte Rosso, Yun-Hee Kim, Friedhelm C. Hummel
Summary: Stroke patients vary in outcomes, with some showing natural recovery proportional to initial impairment. Predicting individual recovery potential through structural connectome analysis, especially in severely impaired patients, allows for personalized neuro-rehabilitation decisions. Understanding neuronal network mechanisms underlying recovery is crucial for predicting and facilitating stroke rehabilitation.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Anna Latorre, Lorenzo Rocchi, Amit Batla, Alfredo Berardelli, John C. Rothwell, Kailash P. Bhatia
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Elias Paolo Casula, Gaetano Tieri, Lorenzo Rocchi, Rachele Pezzetta, Michele Maiella, Enea Francesco Pavone, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Giacomo Koch
Summary: Immersive virtual reality can lead to a strong feeling of embodiment over artificial body parts, but the neural mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. By tracking real-time brain dynamics, researchers found that observing virtual body parts is associated with a rapid decrease in cortical activity in the hand region of the primary motor cortex, as well as rapid changes in activity within a fronto-parietal circuit. These findings suggest that changes in bodily representations are supported by dynamic interactions within a highly plastic network.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Zhongxi Li, Angel Peterchev, John C. Rothwell, Stefan M. Goetz
Summary: This paper presents a detection method that extracts motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) hidden below noise floor, in order to estimate excitatory activations of the corticospinal pathways below conventional detection level. The method utilizes a self-learning matched-filter approach to improve robustness against noise and extends the dynamic range. Results show that the proposed method significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional peak-to-peak measure.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lucia Mencarelli, Lucia Monti, Sara Romanella, Francesco Neri, Giacomo Koch, Ricardo Salvador, Giulio Ruffini, Giulia Sprugnoli, Simone Rossi, Emiliano Santarnecchi
Summary: This study found that stimulating the left and right DLPFC with 40 Hz tACS can increase blood oxygenation level-dependent activity in the targeted DLPFCs and surrounding areas according to biophysical modeling. However, off-target effects on visual cortices, SMA, left subgenual cingulate, and right superior temporal gyrus were also observed.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giacomo Koch, Elias Paolo Casula, Sonia Bonni, Ilaria Borghi, Martina Assogna, Marilena Minei, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Caterina Motta, Alessia D'Acunto, Francesco Porrazzini, Michele Maiella, Clarissa Ferrari, Carlo Caltagirone, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Marco Bozzali, Alessandro Martorana
Summary: In a 24-week trial, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the precuneus was found to slow down cognitive and functional decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that targeting the default mode network could be a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease patients.
Article
Psychiatry
Natasza D. Orlov, Syed Ali Muqtadir, Hooman Oroojeni, Bruno Averbeck, John Rothwell, Sukhi S. Shergill
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on cognitive performance and underlying neurophysiological effects in individuals with schizophrenia. The results showed that tDCS significantly improved performance in the SSLT task, and was associated with increased insular activity and reduced amygdala activation.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana
Review
Clinical Neurology
Andrea Quattrone, Anna Latorre, Francesca Magrinelli, Eoin Mulroy, Roopa Rajan, Ray Jen Neo, Aldo Quattrone, John C. Rothwell, Kailash P. Bhatia
Summary: In this review, we discuss the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of various motor phenomena in patients with movement disorders. These phenomena, including mirror movements and dystonic overflow, share some similarities but also differ in terms of the body part involved, the type of movement, and the underlying neurological condition. We aim to improve the clinical recognition and standardize the terminology of these fascinating clinical signs.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Duncan Austin, John Rothwell
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Anna Latorre, Daniele Belvisi, John C. Rothwell, Kailash P. Bhatia, Lorenzo Rocchi
Summary: Cortical myoclonus is a result of abnormal electrical discharges in the sensorimotor cortex. Electrophysiological criteria for diagnosing cortical myoclonus have been proposed, but their application can be challenging. Combining observations from multiple tests is necessary to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cortical myoclonus. Further research is needed to standardize methods, resolve methodological issues, establish diagnostic criteria sensitivity and specificity, and develop additional methods to clarify the pathophysiology of myoclonus.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matilde Bruno, Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi, Francesco Ricci, Martina Gaia Di Donna, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana, Caterina Motta
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between BBB permeability and neuroinflammation in AD patients. The findings suggest that different neuroinflammatory profiles can be associated with different levels of BBB permeability in AD.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Po-Yu Fong, Danny Spampinato, Kevin Michell, Marco Mancuso, Katlyn Brown, Jaime Ibanez, Alessandro Di Santo, Anna Latorre, Kailash Bhatia, John C. Rothwell, Lorenzo Rocchi
Summary: The study found that magnetically-induced activity in the cerebral cortex can provide valuable insights into the connectivity between the cortex and the cerebellum, as well as the function of the cerebellum. By using this method, researchers were able to detect brain activity evoked by cerebellar stimulation and demonstrated its involvement in learning and executing complex behaviors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francesca Ginatempo, Nicola Loi, John C. Rothwell, Franca Deriu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated sensorimotor integration in the cranial-cervical muscles of healthy adults and found that the integration of sensory inputs with motor output is profoundly influenced by the type of sensory afferent involved and the functional role played by the target muscle.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)