Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Victor W. Kilonzo, Alexandru R. Sasuclark, Daniel J. Torres, Celine Coyle, Jennifer M. Pilat, Christopher S. Williams, Matthew W. Pitts
Summary: Selenium is a crucial micronutrient for mammalian life, affecting redox signaling. The intake of selenium has a significant impact on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, with deficiency leading to various diseases and excess potentially harmful. Research has shown that selenium deficiency can affect cognition, alter sensorimotor regulation, and increase adiposity, while excess selenium surprisingly brings benefits.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
S. De Felice, A. Hatilova, F. Trojan, I. Tsui, Antonia F. de C. Hamilton
Summary: This study found that autistic individuals have poor processing of social signals. The most effective way for them to learn is through live teaching on online platforms, with no difference in learning outcomes between autistic and neurotypical individuals. Additionally, enjoyment was the strongest predictor of learning, with both groups reporting higher enjoyment during live interaction compared to other conditions, and similar levels of anxiety across conditions.
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Giacomo Vivanti, Daniel S. Messinger
Summary: The purely descriptive definition of autism introduced by the DSM III in 1980 marked a departure from previous editions and opened the door for various novel theories to conceptualize autism. This article examines different theoretical orientations and their impact on research and practice, exploring overlaps and conflicts between current theories, and their relevance in the evolving landscape of scientific knowledge and societal views of autism.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Ping- Lin, Mohammad Ali Moni, Susan Shur-Fen Gau, Valsamma Eapen
Summary: This study used machine learning algorithms to analyze microarray data of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and identified two clusters with relatively homogeneous clinical features. It was found that cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism pathways play a significant role in influencing the severity of social communication deficits in ASD. By analyzing gene expression data, it is possible to accurately predict ASD subtypes with language impairment.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Virginia K. Heinen, Lauren M. Benedict, Angela M. Pitera, Benjamin R. Sonnenberg, Eli S. Bridge, Vladimir V. Pravosudov
Summary: In wild food-caching mountain chickadees, spatial cognitive flexibility is associated with social dominance rank, especially in harsh environments at higher elevations. However, spatial learning and memory ability does not show consistent differences related to dominance rank. This suggests that spatial learning and memory ability in specialized food-caching species is a stable trait resilient to social influences.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino, Francesca Felicia Operto, Chiara Padovano, Valentina Vivenzio, Chiara Scuoppo, Nazareno Pastorino, Michele Roccella, Luigi Vetri, Marco Carotenuto, Giangennaro Coppola
Summary: Children and adolescents with epilepsy, ASD, or SLD show significant deficits in emotion recognition and Theory of Mind compared to typical development controls. The ASD group had the lowest performance, with impairment also present in the SLD and epilepsy groups. The study highlights the importance of addressing social cognition difficulties in these clinical populations.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ulrich Max Schaller, Monica Biscaldi, Anna Burkhardt, Christian Fleischhaker, Michael Herbert, Anna Isringhausen, Ludger Tebartz van Elst, Reinhold Rauh
Summary: In a standardized diagnostic setting, gaze behavior of children and adolescents with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) during social interaction was recorded. Significant group differences, especially in the central-face area, were found, indicating that neurotypically developed controls seem to process faces and facial expressions in a holistic manner originating from the central-face region, while participants on the Autism Spectrum show unsystematic gaze behavior and avoid the central-face region as the primary point of face perception. Replication of these findings in future research is crucial.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Isabelle Wentworth
Summary: This paper utilizes Gallagher et al.'s theory of Direct Social Perception (DSP) and A.D. Craig's 'awareness' model of subjective time to explore how individuals perceive others' subjective time, emphasizing the importance of subjective time in face-to-face interactions and the interconnectedness between social perception and action. Through visible gestures, expressions, and behaviors, individuals are able to directly perceive others' subjective time in everyday interactions.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ido Davidesco, Emma Laurent, Henry Valk, Tessa West, Catherine Milne, David Poeppel, Suzanne Dikker
Summary: Much of human learning occurs through interaction with others, but little is known about how this process is reflected in the brains of students and teachers. This study recorded simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) data from nine groups, each consisting of four students and one teacher. The results showed that brain-to-brain synchrony between students in the alpha frequency band (8-12 Hz) was associated with both immediate and delayed posttest performance. Additionally, brain-to-brain synchrony was higher during lecture segments where students answered questions correctly. Brain-to-brain synchrony between students and teachers predicted learning outcomes with a lag of approximately 300 ms in the students' brain activity relative to the teacher's brain activity, consistent with the time course of spoken-language comprehension. These findings highlight the importance of collecting brain data from groups of learners in ecologically valid settings.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Johanna Stenfelt, Jenny Yngvesson, Harry J. Blokhuis, Maria Vilain Rorvang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate if dairy cows possess cognitive abilities to acquire new behavior through social learning in a spatial detour task. The results indicate that cows did not utilize social learning mechanisms when solving the detour task, with no significant differences between observers and controls in success and latency.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lise Hobeika, Matthieu Ghilain, Loris Schiaratura, Micheline Lesaffre, Dominique Huvent-Grelle, Francois Puisieux, Severine Samson
Summary: The study found that patients with cognitive impairment showed lower levels of motor and socio-emotional engagement in music therapy, potentially indicating disease progression. Compared to a metronome, music and live performances were more effective in eliciting positive facial expressions and rhythmic movements from patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Simge Uzman Ozbek, Ekin Sut, Emre Bora
Summary: This study compared group differences in social and non-social cognition in individuals with ASD and schizophrenia and examined the impact of age and other factors on these differences. The findings showed that schizophrenia was associated with more severe impairments in non-social cognition, while ASD was associated with more severe impairments in social cognition. The pattern and developmental trajectories of these deficits differed between the two disorders and were also influenced by age and other factors.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mahsa Khorasani, Mohsen Kahani, Seyed Amir Amin Yazdi, Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli
Summary: The detection of mental disorders through social media is a topic of significant interest. Researchers propose a novel framework to identify undiagnosed adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using their social media posts. The experiment shows promising results, indicating the potential application of the framework.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Uri Hertz
Summary: This study found that participants were able to adapt to new social norms after experiencing one, except for an active-harm norm which showed resistance to adaptation. It also discovered that active behaviors were learned faster than omissions, and harmful behaviors were more readily attributed to all group members.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Katie Togher, Sarah Jay
Summary: Autistic individuals face a dilemma regarding whether or not to disclose their diagnosis due to societal stigma. This study examines if a social identity approach can explain the factors that influence the likelihood of autistic adults disclosing their diagnosis in various settings. The findings suggest that autistic individuals may cope with this dilemma by either adopting an individualistic strategy to distance themselves from their diagnosis or embracing their autistic identity and advocating for autism.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)