Article
Neurosciences
Judit M. Veres, Zsuzsanna Fekete, Kinga Muller, Tibor Andrasi, Laura Rovira-Esteban, Bence Barabas, Orsolya I. Papp, Norbert Hajos
Summary: The features of excitatory synaptic transmission received by different types of perisomatic inhibitory interneurons in the basal amygdala were investigated during fear conditioning. It was found that associative learning and aversive stimuli unpaired with conditioned stimuli caused distinct changes in excitatory synaptic inputs in these interneuron types, highlighting their unique roles in pain information processing and fear memory formation in the basal amygdala network.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Caitlin R. Bowman, Maria-Alejandra De Araujo Sanchez, William Hou, Sarina Rubin, Dagmar Zeithamova
Summary: Research shows that physical resemblance plays an important role in memory generalization, but does not always result in high levels of false memories.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Alexandra M. Freund, Andreas Keil
Summary: This study found that older adults learn to associate stimuli with losses more rapidly, while younger adults learn to associate stimuli with gains more quickly.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aelon Rahmani, Yee Lian Chew
Summary: This review highlights the advances in studying learning through the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which has a compact nervous system and genetic tractability. By targeting distinct sensory modalities, learning and memory can be studied, along with understanding key molecular and cellular pathways.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Garrett J. Blair, Changliang Guo, Shiyun Wang, Michael S. Fanselow, Peyman Golshani, Daniel Aharoni, Hugh T. Blair
Summary: This study found that place cells in the hippocampus of rats undergo remapping during the memory of aversive events, indicating that reorganization of hippocampal population codes may play a role in storing memories for aversive events.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuqi You, Joshua Brown, Wen Li
Summary: Animal data suggest the sensory cortex plays a critical role in the long-term storage of aversive conditioning, post acquisition and consolidation in the amygdala. Through a human aversive conditioning study, it was found that M-biased conditioned stimuli led to stronger effects, especially in anxious individuals, across threat appraisal, physiological arousal, perceptual learning, and cortical plasticity. The long-term retention of conditioning in the basic sensory cortices supports the conserved role of the human sensory cortex.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Felix Kalbe, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Negative prediction errors lead to superior recognition of predictive stimuli, while positive prediction errors impair memory. Despite overall association with memory enhancement, memory-enhancing effects of negative prediction errors are linked to decreased medial temporal lobe activation. Large-scale network analyses show increased crosstalk between the salience network and frontoparietal network related to expectancy-congruent events.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Christopher S. Keene, David J. Bucci
Summary: The study suggests that the retrosplenial cortex (RSP) rather than the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contributes to the processing of contextual information by the postrhinal cortex (POR) corticohippocampal processing stream.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Raul Ramos, Chi-Hong Wu, Gina G. Turrigiano
Summary: Generalization is an adaptive mnemonic process that allows animals to use past learning experiences to navigate future scenarios. However, overgeneralization is a characteristic feature of anxiety disorders. This study demonstrates that strong conditioning results in a long-lasting generalized aversion that can persist for at least 2 weeks. The synaptic plasticity mechanisms that govern memory generalization and its persistence are explored, showing that strong conditioning leads to a long-lasting increase in synaptic strengths throughout different layers of the gustatory cortex. Repeated exposure to the generalized tastant causes a rapid attenuation of the generalized aversion and a reversal of the conditioning-induced increases in synaptic strength. These changes are more pronounced in the superficial layers. The data suggest that layer-specific synaptic plasticity mechanisms separately govern the persistence and generalization of memory for conditioned taste aversion.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sydney Trask, Nicole C. Ferrara, Aaron M. Jasnow, Janine L. Kwapis
Summary: The anterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex play distinct roles in associative learning and memory, with the former being important for remote imprecise memories and the latter showing consistent effects over time. Evidence suggests that ACC and RSC likely function together to support memory formation and maintenance following associative learning.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nina Colombel, Guillaume Ferreira, Regina M. Sullivan, Gerard Coureaud
Summary: Infant survival depends on their ability to quickly recognize and respond to sensory cues from caregivers. In rodents, the neural circuits involved in infant attachment learning have been studied using invasive techniques. This review focuses on the unique neural circuitry underlying neonatal odor learning and the role of neurotransmitters in the olfactory bulb, anterior piriform cortex, and amygdala. It emphasizes the importance of understanding age-specific neurotransmitters and behavioral functioning in infants to improve child well-being and aid in clinical interventions.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zafar Iqbal, Shu Liu, Zhuogui Lei, Aruna Surendran Ramkrishnan, Mastura Akter, Ying Li
Summary: Pain involves both sensory and affective elements. The brain targets and signaling mechanism involved in pain remain elusive.
Review
Neurosciences
Minoru Saitoe, Shintaro Naganos, Tomoyuki Miyashita, Motomi Matsuno, Kohei Ueno
Summary: Dopamine neurons regulate brain functions through both broad transmission and on-demand transmission mechanisms. Broad transmission modulates global functions, while on-demand transmission modulates specific circuits, neurons, or synapses. In Drosophila, the on-demand transmission mechanism is used to transmit shock information and reinforcement.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Shione Okada, Natsumi Hirano, Toshiki Abe, Toshiki Nagayama
Summary: Aversive learning was used to manipulate the phototactic behavior of marbled crayfish, showing that animals avoided the blue-lit exit in memory tests. Long-term memory formation may require multiple training sessions, while new protein synthesis and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway are essential for long-term memory formation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Neus Ramos-Escobar, Matti Laine, Mariana Sanseverino-Dillenburg, David Cucurell, Clement Francois, Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
Summary: The study explores the temporal brain dynamics of explicit verbal associative learning between unfamiliar items in humans. It found that N400 amplitude modulations reflect the emergence of novel lexical traces even without semantic information, suggesting a balance between domain-general and language-specific mechanisms in specific word learning steps.