期刊
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
卷 22, 期 6, 页码 1364-1373出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr158
关键词
arctic fox; extrapair paternity; mating system; resource availability; Vulpes lagopus
资金
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Canada Research Chairs
- Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies
- International Polar Year Program (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada)
- Mittimatalik Hunters and Trappers Organization
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Network of Centers of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet
- Northern Ecosystem Initiative (Environment Canada)
- Northern Scientific Training Program (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada)
- Nunavut Wildlife Management Board
- Parks Canada Agency
- Polar Continental Shelf Program
- Universite du Quebec a Rimouski
- Universite Laval
Extrapair paternity (EPP) is described in many socially monogamous species, but within-population variability in its frequency is poorly documented. Availability and distribution of food may influence polyandrous behaviors, either directly by affecting the need for paternal care or indirectly via their effect on population density. We quantified the frequency of EPP in a population of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus), a predominantly socially monogamous species with high paternal investment. We then tested whether spatial (presence of a goose colony) and temporal (cycles of lemmings) variations in food availability were linked to variations in mating systems within the population. From 2003 to 2008, we studied the mating systems of arctic foxes on Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada) by combining molecular analyses with behavioral observations during cub rearing. Although the dominant social mating system was monogamy, at least 31% of cubs with known social father were born from extrapair matings (in 10 of 38 litters sampled). Likelihood of EPP was associated with food availability. It was greatest (86%) at the center of the goose colony and decreased sharply with increasing distance from it. EPP can thus be frequent in the socially monogamous arctic fox, and intraspecific variability in extrapair matings is strongly correlated with food availability during cub rearing.
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