期刊
AUTOPHAGY
卷 8, 期 12, 页码 1827-1829出版社
LANDES BIOSCIENCE
DOI: 10.4161/auto.21765
关键词
breast cancer; antiestrogen resistance; glucose-regulated protein 78; unfolded protein response; autophagy; AMP-activated protein kinase; MTOR
类别
资金
- NCI NIH HHS [U54-CA149147, R01-CA131465, R01 CA131465, U54 CA149147] Funding Source: Medline
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women, with more than 240,000 new cases reported in the United States in 2011. Classification of breast cancer based upon hormone and growth factor receptor profiling shows that approximately 70% of all breast cancers express estrogen receptor-alpha. Thus, drugs that either block estrogen biosynthesis (aromatase inhibitors like Letrozole), or compete with estrogen for estrogen receptor (ER) binding (selective ER modulators including tamoxifen; TAM) and/or cause ER degradation (selective estrogen receptor downregulators such as fulvestrant), are among the most prescribed targeted therapeutics for breast cancer. However, overall clinical benefit from the use of these drugs is often limited by resistance; ER+ breast cancers either fail to respond to endocrine therapies initially (de novo resistance), or they respond and then lose sensitivity over time (acquired resistance). While several preclinical studies postulate how antiestrogen resistance occurs, for the most part, the molecular mechanism(s) of resistance is unknown.
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