Review
Oncology
Rhianna Mae Hill, Matthew Fok, Gabrielle Grundy, Jason Luke Parsons, Sonia Rocha
Summary: This literature review explores the complex relationship between radiotherapy, hypoxia, and autophagy in cancer treatment, providing valuable insights into the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy to improve the response of hypoxic tumors to radiotherapy.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Wenjun Chen, Tianyun Shen, Lijun Wang, Kefeng Lu
Summary: This article summarizes the mechanisms of action of receptors in selective protein aggregate autophagy and recent research progress, with a particular focus on how oligomerization of receptors affects pathway determinants and promotes phase separation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fangfang Zhu, Jie Gao, Fuling Zeng, Yuling Lai, Xiaofeng Ruan, Gaopi Deng
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of hyperoside against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage and reduced fertility. The results showed that hyperoside can diminish follicular depletion, prevent excessive hypoxia and autophagy activation, and increase follicular reserve, thereby improving fertility in mice.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sihan Huang, Yanyun Zhao, Jun Liu
Summary: This study found that hypoxia induces the upregulation of HIF-1 alpha in the cochlea, leading to autophagy and protection against apoptosis in marginal cells. The HIF-1 alpha-BNIP3 pathway was identified as the mechanism responsible for these effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jian Li, Cheng Quan, Yun-Ling He, Yan Cao, Ying Chen, Yu-Fei Wang, Li-Ying Wu
Summary: This study reveals that hypoxia accelerates erythroid differentiation by enhancing autophagy through suppressing mTORC1 signaling. The upregulation of the HIF-1 target gene REDD1 is responsible for the suppression of mTORC1 signaling and enhancement of autophagy, promoting erythroid differentiation under hypoxic conditions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Robson Xavier Faria
Summary: The inflammatory focus and tumor microenvironment share similarities in terms of immune cells and macrophages. Under simulated hypoxic conditions, the function of P2X7 receptors is enhanced, along with increased HIF-1 alpha levels and suppressed HIF-1 alpha antagonists. Additionally, the intracellular P2X7 receptor regulator PIP2 is activated in simulated hypoxic conditions.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jian Li, Sheng-Hui Gong, Yun-Ling He, Yan Cao, Ying Chen, Guang-Hai Huang, Yu-Fei Wang, Ming Zhao, Xiang Cheng, Yan-Zhao Zhou, Tong Zhao, Yong-Qi Zhao, Ming Fan, Hai-Tao Wu, Ling-Ling Zhu, Li-Ying Wu
Summary: This study identifies a new HIF-1/BNIP3-Rheb/mTORC1 signaling axis that regulates the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) under hypoxia through autophagy induction.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuzo Abe, Yoshiki Mukudai, Mai Kurihara, Asami Houri, Junichiro Chikuda, Atsutoshi Yaso, Kosuke Kato, Toshikazu Shimane, Tatsuo Shirota
Summary: The expression of TPD52 increases in OSCC cells under hypoxia in a HIF-independent manner and plays an important role in the proliferation and survival of the cells in concordance with HIF. TPD52 enhances mRNA stability in OSCC cells, leading to increased expression levels. Simultaneous knockdown of TPD52 and inhibition of HIF significantly reduce cell viability.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Menendez-Montes, Beatriz Escobar, Manuel J. Gomez, Teresa Albendea-Gomez, Beatriz Palacios, Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko, Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia, Ana Vanessa Alonso, Alessia Ferrarini, Luis Jesus Jimenez-Borreguero, Jesus Ruiz-Cabello, Jesus Vazquez, Silvia Martin-Puig
Summary: The study found that the HIF1 signaling and glycolysis are dispensable for mouse heart development, as the embryonic myocardium can metabolize amino acids instead. This suggests the potential use of alternative metabolic substrates as therapeutic interventions during ischemic events.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tetsushi Kataura, Elsje G. Otten, Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz, Elias Adriaenssens, Francesca Urselli, Filippo Scialo, Lanyu Fan, Graham R. Smith, William M. Dawson, Xingxiang Chen, Wyatt W. Yue, Agnieszka K. Bronowska, Bernadette Carroll, Sascha Martens, Michael Lazarou, Viktor Korolchuk
Summary: Mitophagy is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The best characterised pathway involves the stabilisation of PINK1 and recruitment of Parkin to damaged mitochondria. NDP52 recognises ubiquitinated mitochondrial proteins and initiates autophagic vesicle formation. This study found that oxidation of NDP52 is crucial for efficient PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and proposed that redox sensing allows mitophagy to function as an oxidative stress response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric N. Bunker, Francois Le Guerroue, Chunxin Wang, Marie-Paule Strub, Achim Werner, Nico Tjandra, Richard J. Youle
Summary: This study reveals the mechanisms of Nix-mediated mitophagy and the importance of both the LIR and MER regions. The MER region interacts with the autophagy effector WIPI2 and recruits it to mitochondria, while the LIR region converts the distribution of WIPI2 on mitochondria into puncta. These findings provide valuable insights into the process of Nix-induced mitophagy.
Article
Pediatrics
Yuxin Tian, Mengjia Mao, Xuqing Cao, Haitao Zhu, Chun Shen
Summary: A total of 47 autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (arDEGs) were identified in experimental NEC, while 22 arDEGs were identified in human NEC through bioinformatics analysis. The results suggest that HIF-1a, ITGA3, VEGFA, and ITGB4 may play a role in modulating autophagy and the progression of NEC.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashari R. Kannangara, Daniel M. Poole, Colten M. McEwan, Joshua C. Youngs, Vajira K. Weerasekara, Alex M. Thornock, Misael T. Lazaro, Eranga R. Balasooriya, Laura M. Oh, Erik J. Soderblom, Jonathan J. Lee, Daniel L. Simmons, Joshua L. Andersen
Summary: ATG9A, a multi-pass transmembrane protein, plays a crucial role in regulating autophagy. It interacts with members of the ULK1 complex and regulators of membrane fusion and vesicle trafficking, marking pathways of ATG9A trafficking through different cellular systems. ATG9A interacts with ATG13-ATG101 independently of ULK1, and deletion of ATG13 or ATG101 causes abnormal accumulation of ATG9A at stalled clusters of certain proteins, which can be rescued by a mutant form of ATG13 lacking ULK1 binding capability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuang-Zhou Peng, Xiao-Hui Chen, Si-Jie Chen, Jie Zhang, Chuan-Ying Wang, Wei-Rong Liu, Duo Zhang, Ying Su, Xiao-Kun Zhang
Summary: The study reveals that Nur77 and p62/SQSTM1 form membraneless condensates through head-to-head and tail-to-tail interactions, capable of sequestering dysfunctional mitochondria and tethering them to autolysosome for degradation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Rybnikova, Natalia Nalivaeva
Summary: The adaptation of organisms to stressors is coordinated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), involving glucocorticoids (GCs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Understanding the impact of GCs on brain adaptation to hypoxia/ischemia remains understudied, despite the vulnerability of the brain to hypoxic injury and GC-induced damage. Cross-talk between molecular mechanisms activated by hypoxia and GCs in neuronal cells presents potential for preventive and therapeutic approaches to hypoxia-induced brain damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mihaela Bozic, Simon Wilkinson
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruidong Li, Pavlina Zatloukalova, Petr Muller, Maria Gil-Mir, Sachin Kote, Simon Wilkinson, Alain J. Kemp, Lenka Hernychova, Yaxin Wang, Kathryn L. Ball, Kaixiong Tao, Ted Hupp, Borivoj Vojtesek
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Franziska Eck, Santosh Phuyal, Matthew D. Smith, Manuel Kaulich, Simon Wilkinson, Hesso Farhan, Christian Behrends
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mathias T. Rosenfeldt, Jim O'Prey, Colin R. Lindsay, Colin Nixon, Sabine Roth, Owen J. Sansom, Kevin M. Ryan
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentin J. A. Barthet, Michaela Mrschtik, Elzbieta Kania, David G. McEwan, Dan Croft, James O'Prey, Jaclyn S. Long, Kevin M. Ryan
Summary: DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 are nutrient-responsive members of the DRAM family that exhibit interconnected roles in the regulation of autophagy and cell survival under nutrient-deprived conditions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David G. McEwan, Kevin Ryan
Summary: Communication between organelles is crucial for cellular homeostasis, with recent findings showing that molecular bridges containing N-terminal Chorein/VPS13 domains play a key role in directing lipid traffic between organelles. These bridges are evolutionarily conserved and present in proteins involved in endocytic and autophagy pathways. Research has highlighted the essential role of Chorein-N domain containing ATG2 proteins in autophagosome formation and the transport of lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. The study also explores the function of VPS13 proteins in organelle contacts and endocytic pathways, as well as the disruption of these processes by disease-causing mutations.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Kevin M. Ryan
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaclyn S. Long, Elzbieta Kania, David G. McEwan, Valentin J. A. Barthet, Martina Brucoli, Marcus J. G. W. Ladds, Christoph Nossing, Kevin M. Ryan
Summary: Research findings show that the loss of Atg7 in a model of PDAC with mutant Kras(G12D) and mutant Trp53(172H/+) promotes tumor development and enhances metastasis, while reducing the occurrence of metastasis. Tumors with Atg7(+/-) have lower levels of succinate and lower invasion capabilities.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Christoph Nossing, Kevin M. Ryan
Summary: Cell death, known as apoptosis, is a crucial process in the lifecycle of multicellular organisms. Kerr, Wyllie and Currie were the first to define and describe the distinct morphological features of controlled cell death, and they also recognized its potential in cancer therapy and its occurrence during cancer development. This article reevaluates their initial assumptions and concepts about apoptosis in the context of modern biology, 50 years after its original publication.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Fraser R. Millar, Adam Pennycuick, Morwenna Muir, Andrea Quintanilla, Priya Hari, Elisabeth Freyer, Philippe Gautier, Alison Meynert, Graeme Grimes, Carla Salomo Coll, Sofia Zdral, Stella Victorelli, Vitor H. Teixeira, John Connelly, Joao F. Passos, Marian A. Ros, William A. H. Wallace, Margaret C. Frame, Andrew H. Sims, Luke Boulter, Sam M. Janes, Simon Wilkinson, Juan Carlos Acosta
Summary: Targeting Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a key regulator of oncogene-induced senescence, can impede early lung cancer progression by activating cell intrinsic cell cycle arrest pathways and the proinflammatory SASP. This discovery suggests TLR2 as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Kevin M. Ryan
Summary: A central aspect of scientific research is the sharing of discoveries. Scientists traditionally disseminated their findings through conferences and journal publications. Today, sharing ideas and early data through events and digital platforms such as social media has become more common. The ability to generate and analyze large datasets has revolutionized scientific questions, but managing and sharing the data, as well as legal considerations such as GDPR, remain challenges.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Kevin M. Ryan, Jane Smith, Rene Bernards
Summary: The formation of organizations and societies in scientific research facilitates communication, collaboration, and career development. Partnerships between organizations can further enhance these benefits. This article highlights a new partnership between the European Association for Cancer Research (EACR) and Molecular Oncology, a journal owned by the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS).
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Jayanta Debnath, Noor Gammoh, Kevin M. Ryan
Summary: Autophagy plays both tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting roles in cancer, depending on disease stage and mutational background. It is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and cell viability by degrading and recycling cellular cargoes. Recent studies have also revealed its functions in the tumour microenvironment and immune cells, as well as the existence of autophagy-related pathways that contribute to malignant disease. Understanding the impact of autophagy on cancer development and progression has informed the development of anticancer therapies targeting autophagy processes.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Natalia Jimenez-Moreno, Carla Salomo-Coll, Laura C. Murphy, Simon Wilkinson
Summary: Autophagy is an important cellular process for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, current assays to measure autophagy flux are not ideal for providing accurate quantitative results. In this study, the researchers validate the use of a fluorescent probe, SRAI, for monitoring ER-phagy, a pathway involved in maintaining ER homeostasis. They also provide a detailed protocol for quantifying autophagic flux using automated microscopy and high throughput analysis. Overall, this probe offers a reliable and convenient tool for measuring ER-phagy.
Article
Cell Biology
Jake Cross, Joanne Durgan, David G. McEwan, Matthew Tayler, Kevin M. Ryan, Oliver Florey
Summary: Cross et al. demonstrate that non-canonical autophagy activation is responsible for the majority of ATG8 lipidation in response to lysosome damage, rather than lysophagy. They show that ATG8 proteins directly conjugate to lysosomal membranes and interact with the lipid transfer protein ATG2. This study reveals a parallel ATG8 response to lysosome damage that is mechanistically distinct from lysophagy and involves important links to lipid transfer and dynamics.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)