Article
Clinical Neurology
Peter A. Maple, Alberto Ascherio, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Gary Cutter, Gavin Giovannoni, Claire Shannon-Lowe, Radu Tanasescu, Bruno Gran
Summary: There is increasing evidence that Epstein-Barr virus infection is linked to multiple sclerosis (MS). However, no licensed EBV vaccines are currently available. An EBV vaccine to prevent infectious mononucleosis (IM) is the most likely population-based strategy to be tested and adopted.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Francesca Aloisi, Anne H. Cross
Summary: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is strongly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and failure to control EBV infection can lead to the development of cancers and immunopathological diseases. While the exact mechanism of MS is still unclear, evidence suggests that EBV infection is essential for its initiation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshimi Enose-Akahata, Limin Wang, Fahad Almsned, Kory R. Johnson, Yair Mina, Joan Ohayon, Xin Wei Wang, Steven Jacobson
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and the cause of MS remains unknown. This study investigated the antibody responses against various viruses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of MS patients, and found significant differences compared to healthy volunteers, as well as a pattern of antibody responses against multiple viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus. These findings indicate that virus-specific antibody signatures might reflect the disease-associated inflammatory milieu in the CSF of patients with neuroinflammatory diseases.
Review
Microbiology
Cyril Debuysschere, Magloire Pandoua Nekoua, Didier Hober
Summary: Viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have long been suspected to play a role in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and type 1 diabetes. EBV has a complex lifecycle in infected B-cells, producing viral proteins and miRNAs. This review highlights the detection of EBV infection in MS patients, focusing on markers of latency and lytic phases. The presence of latency proteins, antibodies, and miRNAs in the central nervous system of MS patients suggests a link between EBV and MS.
Article
Immunology
Guang-Qiang Meng, Jing-Shi Wang, Yi-Ni Wang, Na Wei, Zhao Wang
Summary: These findings suggest that rituximab-containing regimens are effective in treating EBV-HLH patients with predominately B cell infection, especially for eliminating EBV. However, the treatment may not be as effective for patients with T and NK cell predominated EBV infection.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Archana Panikkar, Katie E. Lineburg, Jyothy Raju, Keng Yih Chew, George R. Ambalathingal, Sweera Rehan, Srividhya Swaminathan, Pauline Crooks, Laetitia Le Texier, Leone Beagley, Shannon Best, Matthew Solomon, Katherine K. Matthews, Sriganesh Srihari, Michelle A. Neller, Kirsty R. Short, Rajiv Khanna, Corey Smith
Summary: Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy has shown promising results in treating viral complications, especially in immunocompromised patients. Expanding T cells from healthy individuals provides a new approach to antiviral immunotherapy with rapid and customized treatment options. Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells play a crucial role in protecting against COVID-19, suggesting the potential of using HLA-matched virus-specific T cells for treating active COVID-19 or at-risk patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mireya Fernandez-Fournier, Maripaz Lopez-Molina, Gabriel Torres Iglesias, Lucia Botella, Beatriz Chamorro, Fernando Laso-Garcia, Inmaculada Puertas, Antonio Tallon Barranco, Laura Otero-Ortega, Ana Frank-Garcia, Exuperio Diez-Tejedor
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies against EBV antigens in EVs and their potential as diagnostic and disease activity blood biomarkers in RRMS. The results showed that patients with RRMS had higher levels of anti-VCA antibodies in EVs and plasma compared to healthy controls. Patients with active disease also had higher levels of anti-EBNA1 antibodies in EVs. Furthermore, the levels of EV anti-VCA correlated with disease duration and decreased brain volume structures in RRMS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Massimiliano Castellazzi, Caterina Ferri, Alice Piola, Samantha Permunian, Gaia Buscemi, Michele Laudisi, Eleonora Baldi, Maura Pugliatti
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this study, we investigated the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a first-line treatment for MS, on the quantity and quality of EBV-specific IgG in MS patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zoe Dyer, David Tscharke, Ian Sutton, Jennifer Massey
Summary: Therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) has made significant progress, despite limited understanding of its cause. The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in MS has gained interest due to strong epidemiological evidence. Hypotheses suggesting the biological relationship between EBV and MS include molecular mimicry, EBV-infected B cells, and glial cell infection by EBV. Research on the interaction between EBV and immunotherapies can provide insights into these hypotheses and the pathogenesis of MS.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mariann Gyoengyoesi, Dominika Lukovic, Julia Mester-Tonczar, Katrin Zlabinger, Patrick Einzinger, Andreas Spannbauer, Victor Schweiger, Katharina Schefberger, Eslam Samaha, Jutta Bergler-Klein, Martin Riesenhuber, Christian Nitsche, Christian Hengstenberg, Patrick Mucher, Helmuth Haslacher, Monika Breuer, Robert Strassl, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stoeckl, Christian Loewe, Dietrich Beitzke, Ena Hasimbegovic, Thomas A. Zelniker
Summary: This study evaluated the reactivation of parvovirus-B19 and Herpesviridae family members in patients with long-COVID syndrome and found that vaccination with monovalent COVID-19 vaccines was associated with reduced fatigue and multiorgan symptoms. It also led to lower levels of DNA virus-related IgM, plasma IgG subfractions, cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM, and EBV IgM titers.
Article
Immunology
Jeremy T. Keane, Ali Afrasiabi, Stephen D. Schibeci, Nicole Fewings, Grant P. Parnell, Sanjay Swaminathan, David R. Booth
Summary: The study found gender-specific associations with EBV traits and MS risk SNP/gene pairs, with some genes showing gender differences in correlation of gene expression level with Estrogen Receptor 2. Estradiol treatment altered MS risk gene expression, LCL proliferation rate, EBV DNA copy number, and EBNA2 expression in a sex-dependent manner, indicating estrogen-mediated gender-specific differences in MS risk gene expression and EBV functions. This may contribute to gender differences in host response to EBV and MS susceptibility.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Tomas Olsson
Summary: MS is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors contributing to its etiology. HLA-DR15 and EBV are key factors increasing the risk of the disease, with the study showing higher viral load and immune response in HLA-DR15 carriers infected with EBV compared to non-carriers, potentially exacerbating MS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jing Cai, Bodou Zhang, Yuqi Li, Wanfang Zhu, Toshihiro Akihisa, Wei Li, Takashi Kikuchi, Wenyuan Liu, Feng Feng, Jie Zhang
Summary: The lack of approved EBV vaccines can be attributed to the complexity of the virus life cycle, the absence of suitable animal models, and limited understanding of adjuvant selection and immune responses. Continuous research and trials show that combined immunization could be crucial for the future success in developing EBV vaccines.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Klaus Rostgaard, Nete Munk Nielsen, Mads Melbye, Morten Frisch, Henrik Hjalgrim
Summary: Epstein-Barr virus infection is a prerequisite for the development of multiple sclerosis, particularly delayed infections. Siblings provide protection against infectious mononucleosis by occasionally preventing delayed primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. The age difference between siblings determines the level of protection, with closer age gaps providing higher protection.
Review
Immunology
Corey Smith, Rajiv Khanna
Summary: The link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis has led to the development of immune-based therapies targeting EBV-infected B cells. Initial studies with autologous EBV-specific T-cell therapy have shown safety and improvements in neurological symptoms and objective measures. Allogeneic EBV-specific T-cell therapy, derived from healthy donors, has also demonstrated safety and promising clinical responses, offering potential advantages over autologous therapy.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Samuel Hoare, Fiona Lithander, Ingrid van der Mei, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Robyn Lucas
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2016)
Article
Clinical Neurology
I. A. F. van der Mei, R. M. Lucas, B. V. Taylor, P. C. Valery, T. Dwyer, T. J. Kilpatrick, M. P. Pender, D. Williams, C. Chapman, P. Otahal, A-L Ponsonby
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2016)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Samuel Hoare, Fiona Lithander, Ingrid van der Mei, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Robyn Lucas
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2016)
Article
Clinical Neurology
I. A. F. van der Mei, R. M. Lucas, B. V. Taylor, P. C. Valery, T. Dwyer, T. J. Kilpatrick, M. P. Pender, D. Williams, C. Chapman, P. Otahal, A-L Ponsonby
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2016)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Cara Odenthal, Steve Simpson, Justin Oughton, Ingrid van der Mei, Stephen Rose, Jurgen Fripp, Robyn Lucas, Bruce Taylor, Keith Dear, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Alan Coulthard
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alice Saul, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Robyn M. Lucas, Bruce V. Taylor, Steve Simpson, Patricia Valery, Terence Dwyer, Trevor J. Kilpatrick, Michael P. Pender, Ingrid A. F. van der Mei
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2017)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alice Saul, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Robyn M. Lucas, Bruce V. Taylor, Steve Simpson, Patricia Valery, Terence Dwyer, Trevor J. Kilpatrick, Michael P. Pender, Ingrid A. F. van der Mei
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2017)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wajih Bukhari, Kerri M. Prain, Patrick Waters, Mark Woodhall, Cullen M. O'Gorman, Laura Clarke, Roger A. Silvestrini, Christine S. Bundell, David Abernethy, Sandeep Bhuta, Stefan Blum, Mike Boggild, Karyn Boundy, Bruce J. Brew, Matthew Brown, Wallace J. Brownlee, Helmut Butzkueven, William M. Carroll, Celia Chen, Alan Coulthard, Russell C. Dale, Chandi Das, Keith Dear, Marzena J. Fabis-Pedrini, David Fulcher, David Gillis, Simon Hawke, Robert Heard, Andrew P. D. Henderson, Saman Heshmat, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Sofia Jimenez-Sanchez, Trevor Killpatrick, John King, Christopher Kneebone, Andrew J. Kornberg, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Ming-Wei Lin, Christpher Lynch, Richard Macdonell, Deborah F. Mason, Pamela A. McCombe, Michael P. Pender, Jennifer A. Pereira, John D. Pollard, Stephen W. Reddel, Cameron Shaw, Judith Spies, James Stankovich, Ian Sutton, Steve Vucic, Michael Walsh, Richard C. Wong, Eppie M. Yiu, Michael H. Barnett, Allan G. Kermode, Mark P. Marriott, John D. E. Parratt, Mark Slee, Bruce V. Taylor, Ernest Willoughby, Robert J. Wilson, Angela Vincent, Simon A. Broadley
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Judith M. Greer, Simon Broadley, Michael P. Pender
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Jun Yan, Clay M. Winterford, Vibeke S. Catts, Betty K. Pat, Michael P. Pender, Pamela A. McCombe, Judith M. Greer
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steve Simpson, Ingrid van der Mei, Robyn M. Lucas, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Simon Broadley, Leigh Blizzard, Bruce Taylor
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rebecca D. Russell, Robyn M. Lucas, Vanessa Brennan, Jill L. Sherriff, Andrea Begley, Lucinda J. Black
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chunrong Tao, Steve Simpson, Bruce V. Taylor, Leigh Blizzard, Robyn M. Lucas, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Simon Broadley, Ingrid van der Mei
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Michael P. Pender, Peter A. Csurhes, Corey Smith, Nanette L. Douglas, Michelle A. Neller, Katherine K. Matthews, Leone Beagley, Sweera Rehan, Pauline Crooks, Tracey J. Hopkins, Stefan Blum, Kerryn A. Green, Zara A. Ioannides, Andrew Swayne, Blake T. Aftab, Kaye D. Hooper, Scott R. Burrows, Kate M. Thompson, Alan Coulthard, Rajiv Khanna
Article
Immunology
Michael P. Pender, Peter A. Csurhes, Jacqueline M. Burrows, Scott R. Burrows
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)