Sjogren's syndrome: a review of aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects many individuals within the community. Despite this, its exact aetiology and pathogenesis is still unclear. Sjogren's syndrome affects many organ systems in the body. However, for dental practitioners it is important to recognize the many oral and dental manifestations that are associated with the syndrome. In addition to these oral manifestations, this review will discuss the systemic manifestations of Sjogren's syndrome as well as the current understanding of factors that have a role in its aetiology and pathogenesis. Furthermore, this review will highlight the difficulties and complexities that are inherent in the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome and the important role that dental practitioners can play in the management of its oral manifestations. The effective management of oral manifestations and minimization of oral disease in patients with Sjogren's syndrome can result in improved quality of life for these patients.