Article
Construction & Building Technology
Feng Wang, Fan Chen, Tengfei (Tim) Zhang
Summary: This study developed an aisle displacement ventilation system that can maintain a low air velocity distribution in the cabin, reduce air temperature stratification, and effectively remove airborne contaminants. The experimental results showed that the system has better thermal comfort compared to the other two systems, but the impact on cabin air quality is similar.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Emmanuel Belut, Sullivan Lechene, Benoit Trouette, Stephane Vincent, Georges Halim Atallah
Summary: This contribution presents an experimental and numerical study on the breach of a containment barrier caused by the transient wake of a moving obstacle. The study shows that pollutant leakage is inherently variable, even under stable ventilation conditions, and up to 100% variation in contaminant concentration peaks can be observed depending on the initial turbulent state of the room. The numerical model used in this study is found to be able to accurately reproduce the experimental results within the experimental inaccuracies.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qing Cao, Mingxin Liu, Xingyang Li, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Shengcheng Ji, Tengfei (Tim) Zhang, Qingyan Chen
Summary: Effective ventilation systems are essential for controlling the transport of particles like the SARS-CoV-2 virus in airliner cabins. Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are frequently used to investigate air distribution and contaminant transportation. This study evaluated the effects of different ventilation systems, turbulence models, and particle simulation methods on airflow and particulate distributions in airliner cabins. The results show that accuracy and cost-effectiveness can be achieved by carefully selecting validation processes and simulation methods.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Paul Danca, Amaury Jamin, Ilinca Nastase, Bart Janssens, Walter Bosschaerts, Costin Cosoiu
Summary: This study validated the interaction of jet flows from classical and innovative air diffusers on the thermal plume. The results showed that innovative air diffusers provided a more uniform airflow compared to traditional diffusers.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dongdong Shao, Li Huang, Ruo-Qian Wang, Carlo Gualtieri, Alan Cuthbertson
Summary: The study found that flow turbulence in the near-wake region of aquaculture cages is highly inhomogeneous and anisotropic. The presence of the net panel slightly enhanced lateral spreading of the scalar plume, but the lateral distribution of scalar concentration, concentration fluctuation, and transverse turbulent scalar flux exhibited self-similarity in the near-wake region.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jo-Hendrik Thysen, Twan van Hooff, Bert Blocken, GertJan van Heijst
Summary: Airplane cabin ventilation is crucial for passengers' well-being. This research investigates the effects of time-periodic mixing ventilation on contaminant removal effectiveness and air change efficiency. The study reveals that time-periodic supply can improve ventilation efficiency and reduce contaminant concentrations in the passenger zone.
Review
Thermodynamics
H. Y. Peng, H. J. Liu, J. H. Yang
Summary: Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have unique attributes such as exceptional performance in built environments and high packing density in wind farms. This study reviews recent research on the wake aerodynamics of H-rotor VAWTs, presenting mathematical expressions and a classic aerodynamic model for rotor analysis. The wakes of VAWTs are characterized by distinctive features like strong asymmetry and counter-rotating vortical motion, which have led to the development of various wake models for standalone VAWTs or multiple VAWT layouts. Researchers have used a wide range of methods, including wind tunnel testing, PIV tests, field tests, CFD simulations, and theoretical development, to investigate the wake flow fields and vortical structures of VAWTs.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mengya Zhang, Nu Yu, Yao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Yu Cui
Summary: The study demonstrates that passengers carrying the SARS-CoV-2 virus on a commercial aircraft can infect other passengers and cabin crew. The virus can quickly spread to different areas of the cabin within a short period of time through normal breathing, with coughing leading to a wider spread.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xingyang Li, Tengfei (Tim) Zhang, Mingqi Fan, Mingxin Liu, Di Chang, Zhigang (Daniel) Wei, Chao-Hsin Lin, Shengcheng Ji, Junjie Liu, Shiong Shen, Zhengwei Long
Summary: This study conducted experiments in a simulated aircraft cabin and found that the particle exposure was lowest at window seats. The presence of a passenger in the middle seat who did not release particles helped disperse particles and reduce exposure for adjacent passengers. Additionally, released particles in the cabin mockup could be transported across at least four rows of seats in the longitudinal direction.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benben Kong, Yitao Zou, Mengmeng Cheng, Hong Shi, Yanlong Jiang
Summary: This study investigated the droplets transmission process in a commercial aircraft under different ventilation systems using CFD simulations, and assessed the infection risk of passengers with an improved Wells-Riley model. The results showed that the type of ventilation system and the location of the infectious source determined the transmission mechanism of droplets in the aircraft cabin. A new ventilation system was proposed, which reduced the infection risk by 27% compared to the sidewall mixing ventilation system.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mingxin Liu, Di Chang, Junjie Liu, Shengcheng Ji, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Zhengwei Long, Tengfei Zhang, Xiong Shen, Qing Cao, Xingyang Li, Xiaojing Zeng, Hanyu Li
Summary: The study found that airflow and contaminant concentration distributions in commercial airliner cabins are crucial for creating a comfortable and healthy environment. However, the airflow is predominantly controlled by natural convection, and vertical temperature stratification may lead to passenger discomfort.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Malia Zee, Angela C. Davis, Andrew D. Clark, Tateh Wu, Stephen P. Jones, Lindsay L. Waite, Joshua J. Cummins, Nels A. Olson
Summary: The study used Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations to track respiratory pathogen particles expelled by coughing on a Boeing 737 aircraft. Results showed that 80% of particles were removed from the cabin within 1.3-2.6 minutes, and 95% within 2.4-4.6 minutes. Reducing airflow increased particle dispersion but did not increase nearby passengers' highest exposure.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
R. Bardera, J. C. Matias-Garcia
Summary: Aircraft carriers are essential for military operations, and studying the aerodynamic flow on their decks is crucial. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyze and modify the flow detachment caused by the ski jump ramp on the flight deck of an aircraft carrier. Passive flow control techniques have been tested to eliminate or reduce turbulence, and the results have shown significant improvement.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tengfei (Tim) Zhang, Mingqi Fan, Sumei Liu
Summary: The seat layout in an aircraft cabin plays a significant role in airborne pollutant transport. Symmetric seat layouts help reduce cross-contamination, while asymmetric seat layouts enhance the spreading of pollutants.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Le Zhao, Huang Zhou, Yuzhen Jin, Zeqing Li
Summary: The study found that the TVOC concentration in train cabins exceeded the Chinese Indoor Air Quality Standard by more than 4 times; introducing fresh air effectively eliminated pollutants; ventilation efficiency was highest at a distance of 2.5-5 meters from the center point of the cabin structure.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingwen Xue, Zhaojun Wang, Qingyan Chen
Summary: This study successfully reduced the life cycle cost and CO2 emissions of buildings using simulation and multi-objective optimization methods. The results showed that optimization design can improve building performance and provide guidance for designers to achieve economic and environmental goals.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mingxin Liu, Junjie Liu, Qing Cao, Xingyang Li, Sumei Liu, Shengcheng Ji, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Xiong Shen, Zhengwei Long, Qingyan Chen
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a novel displacement ventilation (DV) system and a traditional mixing ventilation (MV) system in an airliner cabin, and found that polydisperse particles should be used to calculate the risk of infection in airliner cabins, with lower infection risk with DV compared to MV during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qing Cao, Mingxin Liu, Xingyang Li, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Shengcheng Ji, Tengfei (Tim) Zhang, Qingyan Chen
Summary: Effective ventilation systems are essential for controlling the transport of particles like the SARS-CoV-2 virus in airliner cabins. Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are frequently used to investigate air distribution and contaminant transportation. This study evaluated the effects of different ventilation systems, turbulence models, and particle simulation methods on airflow and particulate distributions in airliner cabins. The results show that accuracy and cost-effectiveness can be achieved by carefully selecting validation processes and simulation methods.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumei Liu, Xingwang Zhao, Stephen R. Nichols, Murilo W. Bonilha, Tricia Derwinski, James T. Auxier, Qingyan Chen
Summary: Social distancing is crucial for health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used computational-fluid-dynamics to investigate the exposure to airborne particles while riding an elevator in a typical building. The results showed that due to the short duration of elevator rides, the number of inhaled particles by susceptible riders was low. A cough would result in significantly higher particle mass inhaled by other passengers.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhipeng Deng, Qingyan Chen
Summary: The study found that social distancing can be reduced to 0.5 meters when people wear masks, which reduces the possibility of inhaling respiratory droplets. Leakage between the mask and the face plays an important role in exhaled airflow patterns and particle dispersion. The results of this study provide guidance for reducing social distancing in transportation, education, and entertainment industries.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wensi Wang, Feng Wang, Dayi Lai, Qingyan Chen
Summary: Commercial airliners have played a significant role in the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Using computational fluid dynamics, this study simulated the transmission of the virus on two flights. The results suggest that wearing masks and reducing conversation frequency can help mitigate the risk of exposure to the virus.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ting Dai, Sumei Liu, Junjie Liu, Nan Jiang, Wei Liu, Qingyan Chen
Summary: This study implemented fast fluid dynamics (FFD) with different turbulence models, including no turbulence model, Smagorinsky model, and dynamic Smagorinsky model, in the open-source program OpenFOAM. By simulating various outdoor cases and comparing with experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the accuracy and computing efficiency of FFD with different turbulence models were assessed. FFD greatly improved computing speed without sacrificing accuracy compared to CFD. Dynamic Smagorinsky model provided accurate results with high efficiency.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Correction
Construction & Building Technology
Mingxin Liu, Junjie Liu, Qing Cao, Xingyang Li, Sumei Liu, Shengcheng Ji, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Xiong Shen, Zhengwei Long, Qingyan Chen
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Runmin Zhao, Sumei Liu, Junjie Lie, Nan Jiang, Qingyan Chen
Summary: This study compared six k-epsilon based turbulence models calibrated using the ensemble Kalman filtering approach. The results showed that prioritizing the reproduction of reattachment lengths in the optimization objective improved the accuracy of the models in capturing key features. The calibrated models exhibited different levels of generalizability in different test cases, with the Murakami-Mochida-Kondo k-epsilon model showing strong potential for single-building problems.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Feng Wang, Ruoyu You, Tengfei Zhang, Qingyan Chen
Summary: This paper reviews the studies on airliner cabin air environment published since 2000, discussing the challenges and opportunities in studying and improving cabin air environment. Current environmental control systems have not effectively prevented airborne transmission of infectious diseases, but there are technologies available to improve air quality and thermal comfort for designing a better cabin air environment.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumei Liu, Mike Koupriyanov, Dale Paskaruk, Graham Fediuk, Qingyan Chen
Summary: Effective ventilation is crucial in reducing the spread of COVID-19 in buildings. This study compared the performance of a mixing ventilation (MV) system and a displacement ventilation (DV) system in terms of air temperature and particle concentration. Increasing the ventilation rate reduced the particle concentration, but the improvement was not proportional to the ventilation rate. The DV system had a higher ventilation effectiveness than the MV system, making it a better choice for indoor air quality.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xinyuan Lou, Yuexia Sun, Dachao Lv, Yihui Yin, Jingjing Pei, Junzhou He, Xudong Yang, Xikang Cui, Yingjun Liu, Dan Norback, Qingyan Chen
Summary: This study investigated the concentrations of VOCs and their associations with passengers' complaints in aircraft cabins. The results showed that xylene and some aldehydes were significantly associated with irritations of the eyes, nose, and throat, indicating their potential influence on perceived indoor air quality and complaints among passengers.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chengbo Du, Qingyan Chen
Summary: The study investigated the airflow and contaminant transport in an elevator, which is important for preventing airborne disease infection. Using computational fluid dynamics, the researchers validated the prediction of airflow and contaminant concentration in a scaled airliner cabin with passenger movement. The results showed that the airflow pattern in the elevator was complex, and the risk of infection was generally low during a short elevator ride, except when someone talked.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bingqian Chen, Sumei Liu, Junjie Liu, Nan Jiang, Qingyan Chen
Summary: The study developed a data-driven RANS model to better predict the distributions of air velocity, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy for indoor anisotropic flows by accurately simulating the nonlinear terms using an artificial neural network. The model showed reasonably good generalizability, indicating its potential for correctly predicting indoor anisotropic flows.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Junzhou He, Yihui Yin, Jingjing Pei, Yuexia Sun, Zhijian Liu, Qingyan Chen, Xudong Yang
Summary: A computational model was established to evaluate the distribution of ozone and its byproducts in aircraft cabins, finding that human surfaces play a significant role in adsorbing ozone.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Waqas, Majid Nazeer, Man Sing Wong, Wu Shaolin, Li Hon, Joon Heo
Summary: The socio-economic restriction measures implemented in the United States have significantly reduced nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. The study highlights the impact of factors such as human mobility, population density, income, climate, and stationary sources on the reduction of NO2 at different stations. The research emphasizes the scientific impacts of the NO2 reduction and income inequality revealed by the pandemic on air quality and health disparities.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guorui Zhi, Jinhong Du, Aizhong Chen, Wenjing Jin, Na Ying, Zhihui Huang, Peng Xu, Di Wang, Jinghua Ma, Yuzhe Zhang, Jiabao Qu, Hao Zhang, Li Yang, Zhanyun Ma, Yanjun Ren, Hongyan Dang, Jianglong Cui, Pengchuan Lin, Zhuoshi He, Jinmin Zhao, Shuo Qi, Weiqi Zhang, Wenjuan Zhao, Yingxin Li, Qian Liu, Chen Zhao, Yi Tang, Peng Wei, Jingxu Wang, Zhen Song, Yao Kong, Xiangzhe Zhu, Yi Shen, Tianning Zhang, Yangxi Chu, Xinmin Zhang, Jiafeng Fu, Qingxian Gao, Jingnan Hu, Zhigang Xue
Summary: An comprehensive emission inventory for China in 2019, which includes both air pollutants and greenhouse gases, was developed in this study. The inventory utilizes existing frameworks and data to provide comparable emissions data and demonstrates the relationship between emissions and economic development.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
I-Ting Ku, Yong Zhou, Arsineh Hecobian, Katherine Benedict, Brent Buck, Emily Lachenmayer, Bryan Terry, Morgan Frazier, Jie Zhang, Da Pan, Lena Low, Amy Sullivan, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr
Summary: Unconventional oil and natural gas development (UOGD) in the United States has expanded rapidly in recent decades, raising concerns about its impact on air quality. This study conducted extensive air monitoring during the development of several large well pads in Broomfield, Colorado, providing a unique opportunity to examine changes in local air toxics and VOC concentrations during well drilling and completions and production. The study identified significant increases in VOC concentrations during drilling operations, highlighting the importance of emissions from synthetic drilling mud. The findings suggest opportunities to mitigate emissions during UOGD operations.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Puji Lestari, Akbar R. Tasrifani, Wiranda I. Suri, Martin J. Wooster, Mark J. Grosvenor, Yusuke Fujii, Vissia Ardiyani, Elisa Carboni, Gareth Thomas
Summary: This study developed field emission factors for various pollutants in peatland fires and estimated the total emissions. Gas samples were collected using an analyzer, while particulate samples were collected using air samplers. The study found significant emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5, carbon aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements from the fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia in 2019.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ligang Li, Yuyu Chen, Lu Fan, Dong Sun, Hu He, Yongshou Dai, Yong Wan, Fangfang Chen
Summary: A high-precision retrieval method based on a deep convolutional neural network and satellite remote sensing data is proposed to obtain accurate methane vertical profiles.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hyung Joo Lee, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Michael Fitzgibbon
Summary: This study investigated the changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution levels and their disparities in California, U.S. during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The results showed a decrease in NO2 concentrations, especially in urban and high-traffic areas. However, socially vulnerable populations still experienced higher levels of NO2 exposure. The study suggests that reducing NO2 disparities, particularly racial inequity, can be achieved through continued regulatory actions targeting traffic-related NOx emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Chiara Pietrogrande, Beatrice Biffi, Cristina Colombi, Eleonora Cuccia, Umberto Dal Santo, Luisa Romanato
Summary: This study investigates the chemical composition and oxidative potential of PM10 particles in the Po Valley, Italy, and demonstrates the impact of high levels of atmosphere ammonia. The rural area had significantly higher ammonia concentrations compared to the urban site, resulting in higher levels of secondary inorganic aerosol. Although the SIA components did not contribute significantly to the PM10 oxidative reactivity, they were correlated with the oxidative potential measurements. This suggests that the contribution of SIA to PM oxidative toxicity cannot be ignored.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalie Allen, Jan Gacnik, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Mae Sexauer Gustin
Summary: Accurate measurement of atmospheric reactive mercury is challenging due to its reactivity and low concentrations. The University of Nevada, Reno Reactive Mercury Active System (RMAS) has been shown to be more accurate than the industry standard, but has limitations including long time resolution and sampling biases. Increasing the sampling flow rate negatively affected RM concentrations, but did not impact the chemical composition of RM captured on membranes.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chin-Yu Hsu, Wei-Ting Hsu, Ching-Yi Mou, Pei-Yi Wong, Chih-Da Wu, Yu-Cheng Chen
Summary: This study estimated the daily exposure concentrations of PM2.5 for elderly individuals residing in different regions of Taiwan using land use regression with machine learning (LUR_ML) and microenvironmental exposure (ME) models. The accuracy of the models varied across regions, with the ME models exhibiting higher predictions and lower biases. The use of region-specific microenvironmental measurements in the ME model showed potential for accurate prediction of personal PM2.5 exposure.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaohan Si, Kerrie Mengersen, Chuchu Ye, Wenbiao Hu
Summary: This study found that there is an interactive effect between air pollutants and weather factors, which significantly affects influenza transmission. Future research should consider the interactive effects between pollutants and temperature or humidity to evaluate the environment-influenza association.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luxi Xu, Ruijun Xu, Yunshao Ye, Rui Wang, Jing Wei, Chunxiang Shi, Qiaoxuan Lin, Ziquan Lv, Suli Huang, Qi Tian, Yuewei Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions for angina. The results showed that exposure to ambient particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone are associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for angina. The association with nitrogen dioxide exposure was found to be the strongest.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyu Yu, Man Sing Wong, Majid Nazeer, Zhengqiang Li, Coco Yin Tung Kwok
Summary: This study proposes a novel method to address the challenge of missing values in satellite-derived AOD products and creates a comprehensive daily AOD dataset for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. By reconstructing missing values and developing a new model, the derived dataset outperforms existing products and agrees well with ground-based observations. Additionally, the dataset exhibits consistent temporal patterns and more spatial details.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yidan Zhang, Yifan Xu, Bo Peng, Wu Chen, Xiaoyu Cui, Tianle Zhang, Xi Chen, Yuan Yao, Mingjin Wang, Junyi Liu, Mei Zheng, Tong Zhu
Summary: This study developed a sensitive method to measure the metallic components of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and compared the results with different analysis methods. The concentrations of metallic components in personal PM2.5 samples were found to be significantly different from corresponding fixed-site samples. Personal sampling can reduce exposure misclassifications, and measuring metallic components is useful for exploring health risks and identifying sources of PM2.5.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jamie Leonard, Lea Ann El Rassi, Mona Abdul Samad, Samantha Prehn, Sanjay K. Mohanty
Summary: Increasing concentrations of microplastics in the Earth's atmosphere could have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The deposition rate of airborne microplastics is influenced by both land use and climate, and a global analysis suggests that climate may have a greater impact on the concentration and deposition rate of microplastics than land use.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tian Zhou, Xiaowen Zhou, Zining Yang, Carmen Cordoba-Jabonero, Yufei Wang, Zhongwei Huang, Pengbo Da, Qiju Luo, Zhijuan Zhang, Jinsen Shi, Jianrong Bi, Hocine Alikhodja
Summary: This study investigated the long-range transport and effects of North African and Middle Eastern dust in East Asia using lidar observations and model simulations. The results showed that the dust originated from multiple sources and had a long transport time. The vertical distribution of the dust was found to be crucial for assessing its impacts.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
