Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Geun-Hye Yu, Myoung-Ki Song, Sea-Ho Oh, Seo-Yeong Choe, Min-Wook Kim, Min-Suk Bae
Summary: Stringent regulations have been implemented to address vehicle exhaust emissions and mitigate air pollution. However, concerns have been raised about the generation and release of additional pollutants, such as NH3, due to the use of exhaust gas reduction devices. This study investigated the characteristics of exhaust pollutants across different vehicle fuel types and found significant variations in emission levels depending on factors such as engine technology, emissions control strategies, fuel type, and test cycle. Gasoline vehicles showed the highest NH3 emissions, while diesel vehicles emitted negligible amounts. EURO4 vehicles also demonstrated higher emission levels of OC and EC compared with other fuel types. This study's findings contribute to identifying emission sources by discerning the primary components emitted by specific fuel types.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Barouch Giechaskiel, Fabrizio Forloni, Marcos Otura, Christian Engstrom, Per Oberg
Summary: This study compares the interchangeability of roller-type and hub-coupled dynamometers in emission measurements and finds that their results are very close. In addition, some issues that need to be addressed are discussed.
Article
Mechanics
Maria Augusta de Menezes Lourenco, Jony Javorski Eckert, Fabricio Leonardo Silva, Fabio Mazzariol Santiciolli, Ludmila C. A. Silva
Summary: This article presents the development of a chassis dynamometer and vehicle model to improve mobility systems. The model can simulate longitudinal vehicle-bench tests with appropriate representativity to experimental data. Compared to other equations in the literature, this model has a smaller mean error.
MECHANICS BASED DESIGN OF STRUCTURES AND MACHINES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Le Thi Thu Hien, Anne Gobin, Duong Thi Lim, Dang Tran Quan, Nguyen Thi Hue, Nguyen Ngoc Thang, Nguyen Thanh Binh, Vu Thi Kim Dung, Pham Ha Linh
Summary: Soil salinity has a significant impact on agricultural production, especially in low-lying coastal areas where saltwater intrusion is a growing concern. Monitoring salinity is challenging due to the influence of soil moisture on the soil's spectral signature. The study found that Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy can be used to map salt-affected soils, particularly in inaccessible areas. Advancements in thermal satellite sensors may provide possibilities for monitoring soil salinity in the future.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benedikt Fischer, Andreas Lambertz, Maurice Nuys, Wolfhard Beyer, Weiyuan Duan, Karsten Bittkau, Kaining Ding, Uwe Rau
Summary: This study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy is suitable for directly determining the microstructure of thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers on silicon heterojunction solar cells. A detailed comparison of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy shows significant differences in the microstructure parameter with decreasing a-Si:H film thickness.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seth T. Kazmer, Gunter Hartel, Harley Robinson, Renee S. Richards, Kexin Yan, Sebastiaan J. van Hal, Raymond Chan, Andrew Hind, David Bradley, Fabian Zieschang, Daniel J. Rawle, Thuy T. Le, David W. Reid, Andreas Suhrbier, Michelle M. Hill
Summary: This study investigates the biochemical changes and potential diagnostic use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in COVID-19 screening. It demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces significant changes in culture supernatant and oral lavage samples, including aggregated proteins and RNA. The study also develops a predictive model for COVID-19 using saliva samples and highlights alterations in beta-sheet structures in secreted proteins as a common response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kornelia Lach, Aneta Kowal, Marta Perek-Polnik, Pawel Jakubczyk, Christopher J. Arthur, Wioletta Bal, Monika Drogosiewicz, Bozenna Dembowska-Baginska, Wieslawa Grajkowska, Jozef Cebulski, Radoslaw Chaber
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of FTIR spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for medulloblastoma (MB). The results showed significant differences in FTIR spectra between MB and normal brain tissue, indicating that FTIR spectroscopy can be used to differentiate them to some extent. Therefore, it may be a valuable method to expedite and enhance histological diagnosis.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
No'ad Shanas, William Querido, Jack Oswald, Karl Jepsen, Erin Carter, Cathleen Raggio, Nancy Pleshko
Summary: Applications of vibrational spectroscopy to assess bone disease and therapeutic interventions are continually advancing. Different bone compositions were observed among the control wildtype (WT) and OIM groups using NIR spectral analysis, with NIR parameters showing greater sensitivity to bone composition differences.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Maria Augusta de Menezes Lourenco, Jony Javorski Eckert, Fabricio Leonardo Silva, Matheus Henrique Rodrigues Miranda, Ludmila Correa de Alkmin e Silva
Summary: This research analyzes uncertainties and their impacts on fuel consumption in a vehicle-dynamometer testing simulation using Matlab/SimulinkTM. The results show that the rolling coefficient is the most influential factor.
MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Min Huang, Yihan Mao, Yuzhu Mao, Hongshun Yang
Summary: The effects of adding xylitol and maltitol on the gelation properties of kappa-carrageenan in real food systems were studied. The results showed that both xylitol and maltitol improved the gel network of kappa-carrageenan, with maltitol having a stronger effect.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanzhao Hao, Shunxi Deng, Zhaowen Qiu, Zhenzhen Lu, Hui Song, Naiwang Yang
Summary: The study found that the emissions of PM2.5 components decreased significantly from China IV to China V, with most water soluble ions and elements contributing more to PM2.5. In China IV LDVs, the emissions of PM2.5 components also decreased when switching to natural gas fuel.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sang -Hee Woo, Hyungjoon Jang, Seung-Bok Lee, Seokhwan Lee
Summary: Electric vehicles (EVs) still contribute non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions, but the emission levels depend on factors such as brake pad type and regenerative braking intensity. In certain scenarios, EVs can have lower total PM emissions compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs).
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Laurel Lynch, Andrew Margenot, Francisco Calderon, Jessica Ernakovich
Summary: Accelerating permafrost thaw increases organic matter availability in high-latitude ecosystems. The chemical composition of permafrost-derived organic matter influences microbial metabolic efficiency, which can determine the Arctic's role as a carbon sink or a source of greenhouse gases. This study investigated shifts in soil and dissolved organic matter chemistry during a thaw experiment, and found that permafrost depth and enzyme activities correlated with changes in organic matter chemistry. Understanding these patterns can help improve projections of Arctic carbon storage during global change.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David C. S. Beddows, Roy M. Harrison
Summary: This paper examines the relationship between vehicle weight and PM10 and PM2.5 emissions from electric vehicles and traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The outcome is dependent on the use of regenerative braking in electric vehicles relative to friction braking. Overall, there will be modest changes to the total local emissions of particles from a passenger car built to current emissions standards.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yoshihiro Nakashima, Yoshinori Kondo
Summary: This study measured HONO in diesel vehicle exhaust using incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The HONO/NOx ratio was found to be a good index of HONO formation, and the estimated HONO emission factors were lower than in previous studies, indicating the impact of diesel particle filter efficiency on HONO emissions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Waqas, Majid Nazeer, Man Sing Wong, Wu Shaolin, Li Hon, Joon Heo
Summary: The socio-economic restriction measures implemented in the United States have significantly reduced nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. The study highlights the impact of factors such as human mobility, population density, income, climate, and stationary sources on the reduction of NO2 at different stations. The research emphasizes the scientific impacts of the NO2 reduction and income inequality revealed by the pandemic on air quality and health disparities.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guorui Zhi, Jinhong Du, Aizhong Chen, Wenjing Jin, Na Ying, Zhihui Huang, Peng Xu, Di Wang, Jinghua Ma, Yuzhe Zhang, Jiabao Qu, Hao Zhang, Li Yang, Zhanyun Ma, Yanjun Ren, Hongyan Dang, Jianglong Cui, Pengchuan Lin, Zhuoshi He, Jinmin Zhao, Shuo Qi, Weiqi Zhang, Wenjuan Zhao, Yingxin Li, Qian Liu, Chen Zhao, Yi Tang, Peng Wei, Jingxu Wang, Zhen Song, Yao Kong, Xiangzhe Zhu, Yi Shen, Tianning Zhang, Yangxi Chu, Xinmin Zhang, Jiafeng Fu, Qingxian Gao, Jingnan Hu, Zhigang Xue
Summary: An comprehensive emission inventory for China in 2019, which includes both air pollutants and greenhouse gases, was developed in this study. The inventory utilizes existing frameworks and data to provide comparable emissions data and demonstrates the relationship between emissions and economic development.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
I-Ting Ku, Yong Zhou, Arsineh Hecobian, Katherine Benedict, Brent Buck, Emily Lachenmayer, Bryan Terry, Morgan Frazier, Jie Zhang, Da Pan, Lena Low, Amy Sullivan, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr
Summary: Unconventional oil and natural gas development (UOGD) in the United States has expanded rapidly in recent decades, raising concerns about its impact on air quality. This study conducted extensive air monitoring during the development of several large well pads in Broomfield, Colorado, providing a unique opportunity to examine changes in local air toxics and VOC concentrations during well drilling and completions and production. The study identified significant increases in VOC concentrations during drilling operations, highlighting the importance of emissions from synthetic drilling mud. The findings suggest opportunities to mitigate emissions during UOGD operations.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Puji Lestari, Akbar R. Tasrifani, Wiranda I. Suri, Martin J. Wooster, Mark J. Grosvenor, Yusuke Fujii, Vissia Ardiyani, Elisa Carboni, Gareth Thomas
Summary: This study developed field emission factors for various pollutants in peatland fires and estimated the total emissions. Gas samples were collected using an analyzer, while particulate samples were collected using air samplers. The study found significant emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5, carbon aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements from the fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia in 2019.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ligang Li, Yuyu Chen, Lu Fan, Dong Sun, Hu He, Yongshou Dai, Yong Wan, Fangfang Chen
Summary: A high-precision retrieval method based on a deep convolutional neural network and satellite remote sensing data is proposed to obtain accurate methane vertical profiles.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hyung Joo Lee, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Michael Fitzgibbon
Summary: This study investigated the changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution levels and their disparities in California, U.S. during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The results showed a decrease in NO2 concentrations, especially in urban and high-traffic areas. However, socially vulnerable populations still experienced higher levels of NO2 exposure. The study suggests that reducing NO2 disparities, particularly racial inequity, can be achieved through continued regulatory actions targeting traffic-related NOx emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Chiara Pietrogrande, Beatrice Biffi, Cristina Colombi, Eleonora Cuccia, Umberto Dal Santo, Luisa Romanato
Summary: This study investigates the chemical composition and oxidative potential of PM10 particles in the Po Valley, Italy, and demonstrates the impact of high levels of atmosphere ammonia. The rural area had significantly higher ammonia concentrations compared to the urban site, resulting in higher levels of secondary inorganic aerosol. Although the SIA components did not contribute significantly to the PM10 oxidative reactivity, they were correlated with the oxidative potential measurements. This suggests that the contribution of SIA to PM oxidative toxicity cannot be ignored.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalie Allen, Jan Gacnik, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Mae Sexauer Gustin
Summary: Accurate measurement of atmospheric reactive mercury is challenging due to its reactivity and low concentrations. The University of Nevada, Reno Reactive Mercury Active System (RMAS) has been shown to be more accurate than the industry standard, but has limitations including long time resolution and sampling biases. Increasing the sampling flow rate negatively affected RM concentrations, but did not impact the chemical composition of RM captured on membranes.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chin-Yu Hsu, Wei-Ting Hsu, Ching-Yi Mou, Pei-Yi Wong, Chih-Da Wu, Yu-Cheng Chen
Summary: This study estimated the daily exposure concentrations of PM2.5 for elderly individuals residing in different regions of Taiwan using land use regression with machine learning (LUR_ML) and microenvironmental exposure (ME) models. The accuracy of the models varied across regions, with the ME models exhibiting higher predictions and lower biases. The use of region-specific microenvironmental measurements in the ME model showed potential for accurate prediction of personal PM2.5 exposure.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaohan Si, Kerrie Mengersen, Chuchu Ye, Wenbiao Hu
Summary: This study found that there is an interactive effect between air pollutants and weather factors, which significantly affects influenza transmission. Future research should consider the interactive effects between pollutants and temperature or humidity to evaluate the environment-influenza association.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luxi Xu, Ruijun Xu, Yunshao Ye, Rui Wang, Jing Wei, Chunxiang Shi, Qiaoxuan Lin, Ziquan Lv, Suli Huang, Qi Tian, Yuewei Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions for angina. The results showed that exposure to ambient particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone are associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for angina. The association with nitrogen dioxide exposure was found to be the strongest.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyu Yu, Man Sing Wong, Majid Nazeer, Zhengqiang Li, Coco Yin Tung Kwok
Summary: This study proposes a novel method to address the challenge of missing values in satellite-derived AOD products and creates a comprehensive daily AOD dataset for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. By reconstructing missing values and developing a new model, the derived dataset outperforms existing products and agrees well with ground-based observations. Additionally, the dataset exhibits consistent temporal patterns and more spatial details.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yidan Zhang, Yifan Xu, Bo Peng, Wu Chen, Xiaoyu Cui, Tianle Zhang, Xi Chen, Yuan Yao, Mingjin Wang, Junyi Liu, Mei Zheng, Tong Zhu
Summary: This study developed a sensitive method to measure the metallic components of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and compared the results with different analysis methods. The concentrations of metallic components in personal PM2.5 samples were found to be significantly different from corresponding fixed-site samples. Personal sampling can reduce exposure misclassifications, and measuring metallic components is useful for exploring health risks and identifying sources of PM2.5.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jamie Leonard, Lea Ann El Rassi, Mona Abdul Samad, Samantha Prehn, Sanjay K. Mohanty
Summary: Increasing concentrations of microplastics in the Earth's atmosphere could have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The deposition rate of airborne microplastics is influenced by both land use and climate, and a global analysis suggests that climate may have a greater impact on the concentration and deposition rate of microplastics than land use.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tian Zhou, Xiaowen Zhou, Zining Yang, Carmen Cordoba-Jabonero, Yufei Wang, Zhongwei Huang, Pengbo Da, Qiju Luo, Zhijuan Zhang, Jinsen Shi, Jianrong Bi, Hocine Alikhodja
Summary: This study investigated the long-range transport and effects of North African and Middle Eastern dust in East Asia using lidar observations and model simulations. The results showed that the dust originated from multiple sources and had a long transport time. The vertical distribution of the dust was found to be crucial for assessing its impacts.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)