期刊
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
卷 42, 期 34, 页码 7851-7861出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.013
关键词
Lanthanoids; Vanadium; Refinery; FCC; PM2.5 and 10; Puertollano
资金
- D.G. de Calidad y Evaluacion Ambiental
- Spanish Ministry of the Environment and the Plan Nacional de 1 + D
- Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [CGL2007-62505/CLI]
- GRACCIE: CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 [22422]
- EU [036961]
Ambient PM10 and PM2.5 at Puertollano (central Spain) are derived mostly from local industrial emissions (including a refinery and power stations) and mineral (crustal) aerosols from fugitive dusts and African intrusions. Vanadium and the lanthanoid elements (La to Lu) can be used as geochemical markers to help identify these different contributions, especially when combined with atmospheric back-trajectory data. The total lanthanoid (Sigma Loid) content of PM is controlled primarily by the amount of coarse crustal material present, with the highest values being recorded in PM10 during an African dust intrusion (13 ng m(-3)). In contrast, La/Ce and La/Sm ratios are controlled by fine refinery emissions, rising above natural crustal averages due to the release of La from fluid catalytic converters (FCC), and allowing the identification of La anomalies (La > Ce) when FCC emissions are prominent. Crustal La/Ce ratios are least common, and La anomalies most common, in Pm-2.5 measured during local pollution events. Increasing contamination of Urban/industrial atmospheric PM samples away from crustal compositions may be tracked using a LaCeSm triangular plot, but this does not differentiate between FCC refinery and oil combustion emissions. Comparing lanthanoid and V concentrations does aid such differentiation, although given the likelihood of multiple PM sources in industrial locations, we recommend use of a LaCeV plot rather than simply La/V ratios. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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