Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry J. Pownall, Corina Rosales, Baiba K. Gillard, Antonio M. Gotto
Summary: Plasma HDL-cholesterol levels are negatively correlated with the risk of ASCVD, but genetic approaches to increase HDL levels do not reduce this risk. The mechanism of reverse cholesterol transport involving FCh transfer between HDL and macrophages is still under debate in relation to ASCVD.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuhiro Endo, Masanori Fujita, Katsunori Ikewaki
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Recent epidemiology studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and CVD mortality, with increased mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors has shown limited efficacy in reducing CVD events. As a result, the focus has shifted to evaluating HDL functionality as a novel biomarker for CVD risk. This review provides an overview of the current status and future perspectives on HDL functions, based on findings from basic research and clinical trials.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Minzhi Yu, Kristen Hong Dorsey, Troy Halseth, Anna Schwendeman
Summary: Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid component in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with intrinsic anti-inflammatory effects. Incorporating PS in synthetic HDLs (sHDLs) improve particle stability and enhance anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and endothelial cells. PS has no negative impact on cholesterol efflux capacity and pharmacokinetic profiles of sHDLs. PS-containing sHDLs show therapeutic potential for inflammation resolution in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cheng Zhang, Xuewen Wu, Pengmin Shi, Hongyu Ma, Fei Fang, Qianlang Feng, Shuang Zhao, Ruipu Zhang, Jinyuan Huang, Xinting Xu, Weilie Xiao, Guang Cao, Xu Ji
Summary: In this study, it was found that diterpenoids from the traditional Chinese medicine Callicarpa rubella could effectively inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux, suggesting their potential as drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Maria Pia Adorni, Nicoletta Ronda, Franco Bernini, Francesca Zimetti
Summary: HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular risk compared to plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, and is often impaired in various genetic and pathological conditions associated with high cardiovascular risk.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Richard T. George, Liron Abuhatzira, Susan M. Stoughton, Sotirios K. Karathanasis, Dewei She, ChaoYu Jin, Nicholas A. P. S. Buss, Rebecca Bakker-Arkema, Emily L. Ongstad, Michael Koren, Boaz Hirshberg
Summary: The study showed that MEDI6012 has an acceptable safety profile and can increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, endogenous apoA1, and non-ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with stable coronary heart disease, while reducing the number of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein particles.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie Cecilie Paasche Roland, Kristin Godang, Pal Aukrust, Tore Henriksen, Tove Lekva
Summary: This study examined the differences in lipoproteins, CETP activity, and HDL-C between women giving birth to large-for-gestational-age and small-for-gestational-age infants. It was found that women with small-for-gestational-age infants had higher triglycerides in large VLDL and lipids/cholesterol/cholesteryl esters in small HDL. Additionally, women with higher HDL-C had lower levels of CETP expression in the placenta.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laeticia Scherler, Sofia N. Verouti, Daniel Ackermann, Bruno Vogt, Genevieve Escher
Summary: In this study, adenine was used to induce nephropathy in mice, showing the loss of protective effects of renal cholesterol and vitamin D-3 metabolism under this condition. It was found that adenine enhanced cholesterol efflux and eliminated lipids in feces, which had a protective effect against atherosclerosis but also affected bone growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilaria Zanotti, Francesco Poti, Marina Cuchel
Summary: HDL plays an antiatherogenic role by accepting cholesterol from cells and promoting reverse cholesterol transport, with cholesterol efflux capacity being associated with cardiovascular risk in various human cohorts. These findings support the protective role of RCT in humans.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Malgorzata Sidorkiewicz
Summary: The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis involves complicated processes such as regulation of cholesterol synthesis, dietary uptake, and bile acid synthesis and excretion. Reverse cholesterol transport, mediated by high-density lipoproteins, plays a vital role in transferring cholesterol from non-hepatic cells to the liver for excretion. MicroRNA-33 has been identified as a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, impacting both cellular cholesterol efflux and bile metabolism in the liver. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to new perspectives in microRNA-targeted treatment for cholesterol imbalance.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ali Ahmadi, Mariam Bagheri Ekta, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: This review summarizes the potential effects of hypoglycemic agents on cholesterol efflux (CE), a key step in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and how this may influence atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. Newer antidiabetic agents have the potential to target CE and prevent or alleviate the development of related diseases, while also improving insulin secretion. However, further research is needed to interpret the clinical relevance of these findings.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Saba Soltani, Motahareh Boozari, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: HDL plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases, while phytochemicals have the potential to enhance cholesterol efflux. Current research mostly focuses on preclinical studies, indicating a need for more clinical research to develop novel clinical applications.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei-Hua Tan, Zheng-Liang Peng, Ting You, Zhi-Lu Sun
Summary: The study demonstrated that CTRP15 inhibits the development of atherosclerosis by enhancing RCT efficiency and increasing plasma HDL-C levels through the T-cadherin/miR-101-3p/ABCA1 pathway. Targeting CTRP15 may serve as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Liuyi Zheng, Guangyao Lin, Ruyue Li, Haining Gan, Xuejun Huang, Nan Yao, Dake Cai, Ziming Zhao, Zixuan Hu, Minyi Li, Huazhen Xu, Leyi Li, Sha Peng, Xinxin Zhao, Yijing Lai, Yuxing Chen, Dane Huang
Summary: ICAC promotes reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and lowers lipid levels in both serum and liver without causing liver steatosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Sukriti Sacher, Abhishek Mukherjee, Arjun Ray
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol-loaded foam cells play a crucial role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Efforts to induce cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) as a treatment for CVD have been unsuccessful due to a lack of understanding about the relationship between HDL function and RCT. This review examines the structure-function relationships and genetic mutations that impact RCT, highlighting the need for further studies.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
E. Li
Summary: Surgical patients with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection are at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared to those without a history of SARS-CoV-2. However, the optimal prophylaxis and treatment for venous thromboembolism in this patient population remains unknown. Venous thromboembolism is independently associated with 30-day mortality.
Article
Oncology
Simone Conci, Federica Cipriani, Matteo Donadon, Ivan Marchitelli, Francesco Ardito, Simone Famularo, Pasquale Perri, Maurizio Iaria, Luca Ansaloni, Matteo Zanello, Giuliano La Barba, Stefan Patauner, Enrico Pinotti, Sarah Molfino, Paola Germani, Maurizio Romano, Ivano Sciannamea, Cecilia Ferrari, Alberto Manzoni, Albert Troci, Luca Fumagalli, Antonella Delvecchio, Antonio Floridi, Riccardo Memeo, Marco Chiarelli, Michele Crespi, Giuseppe Zimmitti, Guido Griseri, Adelmo Antonucci, Giacomo Zanus, Paola Tarchi, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Mauro Zago, Antonio Frena, Giorgio Ercolani, Elio Jovine, Marcello Maestri, Raffaele Dalla Valle, Gian Luca Grazi, Fabrizio Romano, Felice Giuliante, Guido Torzilli, Luca Aldrighetti, Andrea Ruzzenente
Summary: In patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD-HCC) carries a higher but acceptable operative risk. However, long-term outcomes are primarily influenced by clinical and pathological factors rather than etiological risk factors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alice Ossoli, Anna Wolska, Alan T. Remaley, Monica Gomaraschi
Summary: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play a protective role against atherosclerosis and may also impact cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. Through mechanisms such as reducing cancer cell cholesterol content and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation, HDL can help inhibit cancer development.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cristina Pederiva, Maria Elena Capra, Giacomo Biasucci, Giuseppe Banderali, Enrico Fabrizi, Marta Gazzotti, Manuela Casula, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between Lp(a) plasma levels and family history of premature cardiovascular disease in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia. The results showed that subjects with Lp(a) > 30 mg/dl were more likely to have a positive family history of pCVD.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tommaso Fasano, Chiara Trenti, Emanuele A. Negri, Vincenzo Guiducci, Marco Foracchia, Efrem Bonelli, Simone Canovi, Giulia Besutti, Stefano Bertolini, Sebastiano Calandra
Summary: This study successfully identified individuals with a high probability of having FH using data from laboratory and cardiology databases. However, the attainment of lipid goals was largely suboptimal.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elena Olmastroni, Marta Gazzotti, Marcello Arca, Maurizio Averna, Angela Pirillo, Alberico Luigi Catapano, Manuela Casula
Summary: The study evaluated the distribution of polygenic hypercholesterolemia in individuals clinically diagnosed with FH but without disease-causing mutations. The results showed a positive correlation between the polygenic LDL-C risk score and FH mutations, suggesting that this score can be used to identify patients with polygenic hypercholesterolemia.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Livia Pisciotta, Alice Ossoli, Annalisa Ronca, Anna Garuti, Raffaele Fresa, Elda Favari, Laura Calabresi, Sebastiano Calandra, Stefano Bertolini
Summary: This study characterized the phenotypic and genotypic features of a family with primary hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP). The results showed alterations in HDL composition and subclass distribution, as well as functional changes affecting cholesterol efflux capacity of serum, suggesting a defect in the early steps of reverse cholesterol transport.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Anna E. Bortnick, Petra Buzkova, James Otvos, Majken Jensen, Michael Y. Tsai, Matthew Budoff, Rachel Mackey, Samar R. El Khoudary, Elda Favari, Ryung S. Kim, Carlos J. Rodriguez, George Thanassoulis, Jorge R. Kizer
Summary: This study found that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL particle number and size, apoC3-defined HDL subtypes were inversely associated with the long-term incidence and progression of aortic valve calcification (AVC). Further investigation of HDL composition and mechanisms could be useful in understanding pathways that slow AVC.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cindy Bredefeld, M. Mahmood Hussain, Maurizio Averna, Dennis D. Black, Mitchell F. Brin, John R. Burnett, Sybil Charriere, Charlotte Cuerq, Nicholas O. Davidson, Richard J. Deckelbaum, Ira J. Goldberg, Esther Granot, Robert A. Hegele, Shun Ishibashi, Wahida Karmally, Emile Levy, Philippe Moulin, Hiroaki Okazaki, Pierre Poinsot, Daniel J. Rader, Manabu Takahashi, Patrizia Tarugi, Maret G. Traber, Mathilde Di Filippo, Noel Peretti
Summary: This article provides a review of the molecular mechanisms, clinical presentation, and management of abetalipoproteinemia and related disorders. It aims to guide and support the lifelong management of inherited hypocholesterolemia disorders. The article focuses on abetalipoproteinemia, homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia, and chylomicron retention disease, which are rare genetic conditions that can cause severe complications without appropriate treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Annalisa Ronca, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Giuditta Pagliai, Monica Dinu, Matteo Manfredini, Matteo Incerti, Elda Favari, Francesco Sofi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (VD) on HDL function in healthy subjects at low-to-moderate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The results showed that MD was more effective than VD in promoting cholesterol efflux and reducing the concentration of pro-atherogenic lipoproteins, suggesting that MD may be a better therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular prevention.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cecilia Vitali, Chiara Pavanello, Marta Turri, Sissel Lund-Katz, Michael C. Phillips, Alberico Luigi Catapano, Andrea Baragetti, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Fabrizio Veglia, Laura Calabresi
Summary: The present study investigated the ability of different isoforms of apoE to promote LCAT-mediated cholesterol esterification, and found that apoE2 isoform is associated with a higher LCAT-mediated cholesterol esterification.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Manuela Casula, Marta Gazzotti, Maria Elena Capra, Elena Olmastroni, Federica Galimberti, Alberico L. Catapano, Cristina Pederiva
Summary: The diagnosis of familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH) in children is limited due to the lower prevalence of typical FH features compared to adults. Collecting more comprehensive data, including information about second-degree relatives, can improve the diagnosis of FH at a younger age.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristina Pederiva, Marta Gazzotti, Marcello Arca, Maurizio Averna, Giuseppe Banderali, Giacomo Biasucci, Marta Brambilla, Paola Sabrina Buonuomo, Paolo Calabro, Francesco Cipollone, Nadia Citroni, Sergio D'Addato, Maria Del Ben, Simonetta Genovesi, Ornella Guardamagna, Gabriella Iannuzzo, Lorenzo Iughetti, Giuseppe Mandraffino, Lorenzo Maroni, Giuliana Mombelli, Sandro Muntoni, Fabio Nascimbeni, Angelina Passaro, Fabio Pellegatta, Matteo Pirro, Livia Pisciotta, Roberta Pujia, Riccardo Sarzani, Roberto Scicali, Patrizia Suppressa, Sabina Zambon, Maria Grazia Zenti, Sebastiano Calandra, Alberico Luigi Catapano, Patrizia Tarugi, Federica Galimberti, Manuela Casula, Maria Elena Capra
Summary: Detection and treatment of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) starting from childhood is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the current clinical approach to the management and treatment of pediatric patients with suspected FH in Italian lipid clinics, revealing some differences among centers but overall adherence to the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) recommendations for FH children and adolescents.